Background
Methods
Data
ICD-9 | ICD-10 | |
---|---|---|
Bacterial
| 001-005, 008.0-008.5, 041 | A00.0, A01.00, A01.1-A01.4, A02.0-02.1, A02.20, A02.8-A02.9, A03.0-A03.3, A03.8-A03.9, A05.0-A05.2, A05.8-A05.5, A05.8-A05.9, A04, A28.2, A49.1-A49.3, A49.9, B95.0-B95.8, B96.1-B96.7, B96.81-B996.82, B96.89 |
Viral
| 008.6, 008.8, 047, 070.0, 070.1, 070.6, 070.9, 074.3, 074.8, 079.0-079.3 | A08.0, A0.8.2, A08.11, A08.19, A08.31, A08.32, A08.32, A08.39, A08.8, A87.0, A87.0, A87.8-A87.9, A88.8, B08.4, B15.0, B15.9, B19.0, B19.9, B33.8, B34.1, B34.9, B97.0, B97.10-B97.12, B97.89 |
Unknown noninfectious
| 558 | K52.0-52.2, K52.81-K52.82, K52.89, K52.9 |
Unknown infectious
| 009 | A09, B99.8-99.9, R19.7 |
Analysis
Results
Year | Total no. of deaths related to GI | Total no. of deaths | % of deaths related to GI infection | Placement of diagnosis for gastroenteritis in mortality record deaths | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underlying cause | Contributing condition 1 | Contributing condition 2 | Contributing condition 3 | Contributing condition 4 | Contributing condition 5 or greater | ||||
1985 | 5265 | 2089378 | 0.25 | 2229 | 2083 | 870 | 1007 | 716 | 637 |
1986 | 5386 | 2108384 | 0.26 | 2216 | 2107 | 886 | 1053 | 786 | 582 |
1987 | 5609 | 2126342 | 0.26 | 2295 | 2205 | 926 | 1118 | 800 | 588 |
1988 | 6054 | 2171196 | 0.28 | 2484 | 2280 | 988 | 1188 | 930 | 698 |
1989 | 6791 | 2153859 | 0.32 | 2776 | 2653 | 1165 | 1195 | 972 | 857 |
1990 | 6978 | 2151890 | 0.32 | 2744 | 2776 | 1154 | 1252 | 991 | 853 |
1991 | 7172 | 2173060 | 0.33 | 2839 | 2865 | 1320 | 1320 | 936 | 792 |
1992 | 7250 | 2179187 | 0.33 | 2775 | 2884 | 1359 | 1309 | 941 | 826 |
1993 | 7531 | 2271947 | 0.33 | 2742 | 3033 | 1376 | 1335 | 985 | 874 |
1994 | 7706 | 2282288 | 0.34 | 2839 | 3100 | 1469 | 1423 | 993 | 815 |
1995 | 7813 | 2315251 | 0.34 | 2969 | 3377 | 1417 | 1351 | 926 | 813 |
1996 | 7611 | 2318212 | 0.33 | 2945 | 3379 | 1409 | 1201 | 924 | 782 |
1997 | 7876 | 2317586 | 0.34 | 3202 | 3711 | 1346 | 1220 | 870 | 826 |
1998 | 8097 | 2340708 | 0.35 | 3289 | 3879 | 1379 | 1221 | 925 | 784 |
1999 | 9478 | 2394871 | 0.40 | 3865 | 5034 | 1306 | 1298 | 968 | 874 |
2000 | 10477 | 2407193 | 0.44 | 3734 | 5328 | 2018 | 1240 | 959 | 958 |
2001 | 10841 | 2419960 | 0.45 | 3959 | 5532 | 2133 | 1300 | 1015 | 889 |
2002 | 12655 | 2446796 | 0.52 | 4921 | 6955 | 2282 | 1378 | 1060 | 1024 |
2003 | 14029 | 2452154 | 0.57 | 5637 | 8349 | 2428 | 1306 | 961 | 1042 |
2004 | 16466 | 2401400 | 0.69 | 7026 | 10286 | 2735 | 1424 | 973 | 1116 |
2005 | 19589 | 2452506 | 0.80 | 8866 | 12515 | 3163 | 1650 | 1135 | 1233 |
1985-2005 | 190674 | 47974168 | 0.40 |
Slope from 1985 – 1998 β (95% CI) | Slope from 1999 – 2005 β (95% CI) | p-value (change in slope) | |
---|---|---|---|
All gastroenteritis
| 0.029 (0.001, 0.057) | 0.418 (0.105, 0.883) | < 0.0001 |
All gastroenteritis w/o
C. difficile
| 0.016 (−0.006, 0.038) | 0.316 (0.077, 0.676) | < 0.0001 |
Bacterial
| 0.052 (0.035, 0.069) | 0.428 (0.099, 0.850) | < 0.0001 |
Bacterial w/o
C. difficile
| 0.032 (0.024, 0.039) | 0.129 (0.052, 0.247) | < 0.0001 |
Viral
| −0.003 (−0.010, 0.005) | −0.039 (−0.055, 0.018) | 0.0031 |
Unknown infectious
| 0.003 (−0.001, 0.007) | −0.017 (−0.007, −0.048) | 0.0011 |
Unknown noninfectious
| −0.001 (−0.023, 0.004) | 0.0229 (0.019, 0.092) | < 0.0001 |
All gastroenteritis RR (95% CI) | All gastroenteritis w/o C. difficile RR (95% CI) | Bacterial RR (95% CI) | Bacterial w/o C. difficile RR (95% CI) | Viral RR (95% CI) | Unknown infectious RR (95% CI) | Unknown noninfectious RR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group
| |||||||
0-4 | 2.33 (1.66, 3.26) | 2.37 (1.69, 3.31) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.74) | 1.48 (1.19,1.84) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | 46.25 (33.26, 64.32) | 1.68 (1.14, 2.48) |
5-24 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.16 (0.12, 0.21) | 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) | 0.15 (0.12,0.19) | 0.22 (0.14, 0.35) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.18) |
25-34 | 0.58 (0.40, 0.85) | 0.58 (0.40, 0.85) | 0.60 (0.44, 0.82) | 0.61 (0.46, 0.81) | 0.52 (0.40, 0.68) | 0.50 (0.32, 0.78) | 0.61 (0.37, 0.99) |
35-44 | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
45-54 | 1.41 (1.03, 1.92) | 1.41 (1.03, 1.92) | 1.63 (1.25, 2.12) | 1.65 (1.31, 2.08) | 1.36 (1.05, 1.75) | 1.67 (1.15, 2.44) | 1.38 (0.96, 1.99) |
55-64 | 3.02 (2.28, 3.99) | 3.00 (2.27, 3.96) | 3.62 (2.84, 4.61) | 3.46 (2.83, 4.25) | 2.36 (1.89, 2.94) | 3.83 (2.74, 5.34) | 3.36 (2.4, 4.71) |
65-74 | 8.02 (6.10, 10.54) | 7.86 (5.99, 10.33) | 10.06 (8.07, 12.54) | 8.70 (7.20, 10.51) | 4.73 (3.88, 5.77) | 9.76 (6.97, 13.67) | 10.06 (7.20, 14.07) |
75+ | 30.93 (23.34, 40.99) | 29.99 (22.62, 39.76) | 39.54 (31.60, 49.48) | 29.88 (24.53, 36.40) | 12.51 (9.99, 15.65) | 32.67 (22.66, 47.11) | 43.71 (31.15, 61.32) |
Race
| |||||||
White | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Black | 1.48 (1.24, 1.75) | 1.49 (1.26, 1.77) | 1.67 (1.46, 1.91) | 1.93 (1.72, 2.15) | 1.45 (1.22, 1.72) | 3.06 (2.47, 3.79) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.48) |
Other | 0.77 (0.67, 0.88) | 0.77 (0.68, 0.89) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.28) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.05) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.65) |
Gender
| |||||||
Male | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) | 1.20 (1.09, 1.31) | 1.44 (1.34, 1.56) | 1.55 (1.44, 1.67) | 1.39 (1.25, 1.54) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) |
Female | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Region
| |||||||
Northeast | 1.10 (0.96, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.22) | 1.62 (1.42, 1.85) | 1.47 (1.31, 1.63) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.89) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) |
Midwest | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.34) | 1.25 (1.13, 1.39) | 0.60 (0.52, 0.70) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) |
South | 1.04 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.44 (1.31, 1.57) | 1.77 (1.57, 1.99) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.79) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.37) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) |
West | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
All gastroenteritis RR (95% CI) | All gastroenteritis w/o C. difficile RR (95% CI) | Bacterial RR (95% CI) | Bacterial w/o C. difficile RR (95% CI) | Viral RR (95% CI) | Unknown infectious RR (95% CI) | Unknown noninfectious RR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group
| |||||||
0-4 | 2.00 (1.57, 2.53) | 2.09 (1.67, 2.62) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) | 2.94 (2.44, 3.54) | 2.49 (1.14, 5.47) | 3.90 (2.80, 5.45) |
5-24 | 0.18 (0.15, 0.22) | 0.18 (0.15, 0.23) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) | 0.14 (0.12, 0.16) | 0.28 (0.23, 0.34) | 0.29 (0.13, 0.66) | 0.20 (0.15, 0.27) |
25-34 | 0.43 (0.33, 0.55) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.54) | 0.44 (0.35, 0.55) | 0.45 (0.38, 0.53) | 0.40 (0.32, 0.51) | 0.69 (0.29, 1.65) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.60) |
35-44 | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
45-54 | 2.22 (1.76, 2.81) | 2.21 (1.77, 2.77) | 2.58 (2.08, 3.20) | 2.49 (2.20, 2.83) | 1.90 (1.48, 2.43) | 2.67 (1.40, 5.10) | 2.14 (1.66, 2.75) |
55-64 | 5.17 (4.24, 6.31) | 4.99 (4.13, 6.03) | 6.57 (5.45, 7.92) | 5.57 (4.98, 6.24) | 2.11 (1.71, 2.60) | 7.01 (3.82, 12.86) | 5.76 (4.58, 7.24) |
65-74 | 14.44 (12.01, 17.35) | 13.36 (11.21, 15.91) | 18.40 (15.53, 21.82) | 12.24 (10.98, 13.65) | 3.30 (2.83, 3.85) | 27.63 (15.52, 49.19) | 17.79 (14.25, 22.21) |
75+ | 61.72 (51.11, 74.55) | 56.06 (46.76, 67.21) | 75.98 (63.97, 90.26) | 37.96 (34.10, 42.25) | 11.72 (9.57, 14.36) | 112.85 (63.63, 200.16) | 83.16 (66.31, 104.29) |
Race
| |||||||
White | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Black | 1.31 (1.13, 1.52) | 1.37 (1.18, 1.59) | 1.49 (1.30, 1.71) | 2.39 (2.21, 2.58) | 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.38) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.17) |
Other | 0.52 (0.47, 0.58) | 0.55 (0.49, 0.61) | 0.53 (0.46, 0.60) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.84) | 0.84 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.31 (0.17, 0.56) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.48) |
Gender
| |||||||
Male | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 1.34 (1.27, 1.41) | 1.30 (1.14, 1.49) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93) |
Female | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Region
| |||||||
Northeast | 1.22 (1.10, 1.34) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.29) | 1.42 (1.30, 1.56) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.35) | 0.82 (0.66, 1.03) | 1.30 (1.12, 1.5) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
Midwest | 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.25) | 1.27 (1.18, 1.37) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.3) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) |
South | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 1.05 (1.00, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.77 (0.68, 0.88) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.2) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) |
West | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |