Background
Methods
Study design
Study population
Clinical outcomes
Data collection and follow-up
Statistical analysis
Diabetes mellitus No. of patients (527) (%) | Non-diabetic No. of patients (780) (%) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 65 ± 10 | 64 ± 12 | 0.096 |
Sex (male) | 399 (76) | 645 (83) | 0.003 |
Hypertension | 375 (71) | 411 (53) | < 0.001 |
Current smokers | 158 (30) | 286 (37) | 0.020 |
Dyslipidemia | 399 (76) | 486 (63) | < 0.001 |
COPD | 21 (5) | 27 (5) | 0.641 |
Family history of CAD | 118 (24) | 190 (25) | 0.632 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 28.4 ± 8 | 28 ± 16.4 | 0.701 |
Prior MI | 154 (29) | 213 (27) | 0.445 |
Prior PCI | 157 (30) | 156 (20) | < 0.001 |
Renal impairment | 61 (12) | 44 (6) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 63 (12) | 60 (8) | 0.013 |
CVA/TIA | 54 (10) | 59 (8) | 0.108 |
Congestive heart failure | 55 (10) | 33 (4) | < 0.001 |
On-site cardiac surgery unit | 274 (52) | 417 (53) | 0.642 |
Prior medications | |||
Insulin | 89 (20) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Oral antihyperglycemic agents | 320 (69) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Aspirin | 297 (65) | 294 (44) | < 0.001 |
Clopidogrel | 43 (9) | 37 (6) | 0.015 |
ACE-I | 148 (48) | 97 (23) | < 0.001 |
ARBs | 42 (13) | 32 (8) | 0.015 |
Beta blockers | 197 (43) | 217 (33) | 0.001 |
Statins | 266 (59) | 262 (40) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers | 122 (27) | 113 (17) | < 0.001 |
Nitrates | 67 (15) | 78 (12) | 0.169 |
Aldosterone receptor antagonist | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1.000 |
Diuretics | 75 (20) | 70 (13) | 0.004 |
Results
Baseline characteristics
Diabetes mellitus No. of patients (527) (%) | Non-diabetic No. of patients (780) (%) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
ACS diagnosis | 0.109 | ||
NSTEMI | 253 (48) | 333 (43) | |
STEMI | 169 (32) | 291 (37) | |
UAP | 105 (20) | 156 (20) | |
Left ventricle ejection fraction | < 0.001 | ||
Normal (> 50%) | 140 (31) | 281 (44) | |
Mild (40–50%) | 158 (36) | 177 (27) | |
Moderate (30–40%) | 97 (22) | 133 (21) | |
Severe (< 30%) | 48 (11) | 52 (8) | |
Number of CAD | < 0.001 | ||
1 Vessel | 18 (5) | 43 (8) | |
2 Vessels | 77 (20) | 150 (29) | |
3 Vessels | 286 (75) | 323 (63) | |
Vital signs on admission | |||
Heart rate (bpm) (mean ± SD) | 87 ± 21 | 81 ± 20 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 144 ± 29 | 143 ± 29 | 0.569 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 80 ± 16 | 83 ± 17 | 0.013 |
Normal sinus rhythm | 417 (90) | 615 (91) | 0.795 |
Atrial fibrillation/SVT | 24 (6) | 22 (4) | 0.122 |
VT/VF | 1 (0.3) | 5 (0.9) | 0.447 |
2-3-degree AV-Block | 3 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0.947 |
Early outcomes
STEMI | NSTEMI | UAP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM N = 169 | Non-DM N = 291 | p-value | DM N = 253 | Non-DM N = 333 | p-value | DM N = 105 | Non-DM N = 156 | p-value | |
Death | 10 (6) | 15 (5) | 0.900 | 9 (4) | 14 (4) | 0.850 | 3 (3) | 2 (1) | 0.653 |
Recurrent MI | 4 (2) | 7 (2) | 1.000 | 4 (2) | 5 (2) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1.000 |
CVA/TIA | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1.000 |
MACE* | 7 (4) | 17 (6) | 0.412 | 7 (3) | 12 (4) | 0.496 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.787 |
Long-term mortality rate
HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.34 | 1.03–1.76 | 0.032 |
Age > 65 years | 2.22 | 1.61–3.08 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male) | 0.68 | 0.51–0.92 | 0.014 |
Hypertension | 1.57 | 1.14–2.17 | 0.006 |
Dyslipidemia | 0.62 | 0.47–0.82 | 0.001 |
Current smoker | 0.98 | 0.70–1.36 | 0.910 |
BMI | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 | 0.054 |
Renal impairment | 1.59 | 1.07–2.35 | 0.020 |
Prior MI | 1.22 | 0.91–1.63 | 0.190 |
Prior CVA/TIA | 0.91 | 0.60–1.38 | 0.657 |
History of CHF | 1.15 | 0.73–s1.81 | 0.543 |