nach oben

Journal of Prevention

Erschienen in:

01.12.2015 | Literature Review

Universal Prevention for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children: A Meta-analysis of Randomized and Cluster-Randomized Trials

verfasst von: Johan Ahlen, Fabian Lenhard, Ata Ghaderi

Erschienen in: Journal of Prevention | Ausgabe 6/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Although under-diagnosed, anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, leading to severe impairment, increased risk of future psychiatric problems, and a high economic burden to society. Universal prevention may be a potent way to address these widespread problems. There are several benefits to universal relative to targeted interventions because there is limited knowledge as to how to screen for anxiety and depression in the general population. Earlier meta-analyses of the prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms among children suffer from methodological inadequacies such as combining universal, selective, and indicated interventions in the same analyses, and comparing cluster-randomized trials with randomized trials without any correction for clustering effects. The present meta-analysis attempted to determine the effectiveness of universal interventions to prevent anxiety and depressive symptoms after correcting for clustering effects. A systematic search of randomized studies in PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar resulted in 30 eligible studies meeting inclusion criteria, namely peer-reviewed, randomized or cluster-randomized trials of universal interventions for anxiety and depressive symptoms in school-aged children. Sixty-three percent of the studies reported outcome data regarding anxiety and 87 % reported outcome data regarding depression. Seventy percent of the studies used randomization at the cluster level. There were small but significant effects regarding anxiety (.13) and depressive (.11) symptoms as measured at immediate posttest. At follow-up, which ranged from 3 to 48 months, effects were significantly larger than zero regarding depressive (.07) but not anxiety (.11) symptoms. There was no significant moderation effect of the following pre-selected variables: the primary aim of the intervention (anxiety or depression), deliverer of the intervention, gender distribution, children’s age, and length of the intervention. Despite small effects, we argue for the possible clinical and practical significance of these programs. Future evaluations should carefully investigate the moderators and mediators of program effects to identify active program components.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Aune, T., & Stiles, T. C. (2009). Universal-based prevention of syndromal and subsyndromal social anxiety: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 867–879.CrossRefPubMed

Baker, S. B., & Butler, J. N. (1984). Effects of preventive cognitive self-instruction training on adolescent attitudes, experiences, and state anxiety. Journal of Primary Prevention, 5, 17–26.CrossRefPubMed

Barrett, P. M. (2004). Friends for life: Group leaders manual for children. Bowen Hills: Australian Academic Press.

Barrett, P. M., Farrell, L. J., Ollendick, T. H., & Dadds, M. (2006). Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: An evaluation of the friends program. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 403–411.CrossRefPubMed

Barrett, P. M., & Pahl, K. M. (2006). School-based intervention: Examining a universal approach to anxiety management. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 16, 55–75.CrossRef

Barrett, P., & Turner, C. (2001). Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: Preliminary results from a universal school-based trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 399–410.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.CrossRefPubMed

Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Morris, T. L. (1995). A new inventory to assess childhood social anxiety and phobia: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children. Psychological Assessment, 7, 73–79.CrossRef

Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553.CrossRefPubMed

Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., & Kaufman, J. (1996). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years. Part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1575–1583.CrossRefPubMed

Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 1174–1183.CrossRefPubMed

Bond, L., Patton, G., Glover, S., Carlin, J. B., Butler, H., Thomas, L., & Bowes, G. (2004). The Gatehouse Project: Can a multilevel school intervention affect emotional wellbeing and health risk behaviours? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 997–1003.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2007). Introduction to meta-analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Briesch, A. M., Sanetti, L. M. H., & Briesch, J. M. (2010). Reducing the prevalence of anxiety in children and adolescents: An evaluation of the evidence base for the FRIENDS for Life program. School Mental Health, 2, 155–165.CrossRef

Brunwasser, S. M., Gillham, J. E., & Kim, E. S. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1042–1054.CrossRefPubMed

Calear, A. L., & Christensen, H. (2010). Systematic review of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for depression. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 429–438.CrossRefPubMed

Calear, A. L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Griffiths, K. M., & O’Kearney, R. (2009). The YouthMood Project: A cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1021–1032.CrossRefPubMed

Chaplin, T. M., Gillham, J. E., Reivich, K., Elkon, A. G. L., Samuels, B., Freres, D. R., et al. (2006). Depression prevention for early adolescent girls: A pilot study of all girls versus co-ed groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 26, 110–126.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C. E., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 835–855.CrossRefPubMed

Clarke, G. N., Hawkins, W., Murphy, M., & Sheeber, L. (1993). School-based primary prevention of depressive symptomatology in adolescents: Findings from two studies. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, 183–204.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1987). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Coie, J. D., Watt, N. F., West, S. G., Hawkins, J. D., Asarnow, J. R., Markman, H. J., et al. (1993). The science of prevention: A conceptual framework and some directions for a national research program. American Psychologist, 48, 1013–1022.CrossRefPubMed

Cornfield, J. (1978). Randomization by group: A formal analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 108, 100–102.PubMed

Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 837–844.CrossRefPubMed

Donovan, C. L., & Spence, S. H. (2000). Prevention of childhood anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 509–531.CrossRefPubMed

Döpfner, M., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2000). DISYPS-KJ: Diagnostik-system für psychische storungen im kindes- und jugendalter nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV. Bern: Huber.

Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple graphical test. British Medical Journal, 315, 629–634.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., & Petermann, F. (2000). Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of anxiety disorders in German adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 263–279.CrossRefPubMed

Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., Sasagawa, S., & Ollendick, T. H. (2012). Prevention of anxiety symptoms in children: Results from a universal school-based trial. Behavior Therapy, 43, 450–464.CrossRefPubMed

Fisak, B. J, Jr, Richard, D., & Mann, A. (2011). The prevention of child and adolescent anxiety: A meta-analytic review. Prevention Science, 12, 255–268.CrossRefPubMed

Flay, B. R., Biglan, A., Boruch, R. F., Castro, F. G., Gottfredson, D., Kellam, S., et al. (2005). Standards of evidence: Criteria for efficacy, effectiveness and dissemination. Prevention Science, 6, 151–175.CrossRefPubMed

Garber, J., & Weersing, V. R. (2010). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: Implications for treatment and prevention. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 293–306.

Gillham, J. E., Brunwasser, S. M., & Freres, D. R. (2008). Preventing depression in early adolescence: The Penn Resiliency Program. In J. Z. Abela, B. L. Hankin, J. Z. Abela, & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 309–322). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Gillham, J. E., Reivich, K. J., Freres, D. R., Chaplin, T. M., Shatté, A. J., Samuels, B., et al. (2007). School-based prevention of depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled study of the effectiveness and specificity of the Penn Resiliency Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 9–19.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Gladstone, T. R. G., & Beardslee, W. R. (2009). The prevention of depression in children and adolescents: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 212–221.

Hains, A. A. (1992). Comparison of cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques with adolescent boys. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 600–605.CrossRef

Hains, A. A., & Ellmann, S. W. (1994). Stress inoculation training as a preventative intervention for high school youths. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 8, 219–232.

Hains, A. A., & Szyjakowski, M. (1990). A cognitive stress-reduction intervention program for adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 79–84.CrossRef

Hedges, L. V. (1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics, 6, 107–128.CrossRef

Hedges, L. V. (2007). Effect sizes in cluster-randomized designs. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 32, 341–370.CrossRef

Higgins, J. P. (Ed.). (2008). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Vol. 5). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Hopewell, S., McDonald, S., Clarke, M., & Egger, M. (2007). Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2), 1–17.

Horowitz, J. L., & Garber, J. (2006). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 401–415.CrossRefPubMed

Horowitz, J. L., Garber, J., Ciesla, J. A., Young, J. F., & Mufson, L. (2007). Prevention of depressive symptoms in adolescents: A randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal prevention programs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 693–706.CrossRefPubMed

Jané-Llopis, E., Hosman, C., Jenkins, R., & Anderson, P. (2003). Predictors of efficacy in depression prevention programmes: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 384–397.CrossRefPubMed

Johnston, K., Westerfield, W., Momin, S., Phillippi, R., & Naidoo, A. (2009). The direct and indirect costs of employee depression, anxiety, and emotional disorders—An employer case study. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 51, 564–577.CrossRefPubMed

Kellner, R. (1987). A symptom questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48, 268–274.PubMed

Kovacs, M. (1985). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995–998.PubMed

Kraag, G., Van Breukelen, G. J. P., Kok, G., & Hosman, C. (2009). ‘Learn Young, Learn Fair’, a stress management program for fifth and sixth graders: Longitudinal results from an experimental study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1185–1195.CrossRefPubMed

Lock, S., & Barrett, P. M. (2003). A longitudinal study of developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Behaviour Change, 20, 183–199.CrossRef

Lowry-Webster, H. M., Barrett, P. M., & Dadds, M. R. (2001). A universal prevention trial of anxiety and depressive symptomatology in childhood: Preliminary data from an Australian study. Behaviour Change, 18, 36–50.CrossRef

Lowry-Webster, H. M., Barrett, P. M., & Lock, S. (2003). A universal prevention trial of anxiety symptomology during childhood: Results at 1-year follow-up. Behaviour Change, 20, 25–43.CrossRef

March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., & Stallings, P. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554–565.CrossRefPubMed

Meijer, P. G., Mellenbergh, G. J., & de Wit, C. A. (1986). De Korte Depressie-Vragenlijst voor Kinderen (KDVK). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden, 41, 364–368.

Merry, S., McDowell, H., Wild, C. J., Bir, J., & Cunliffe, R. (2004). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of a school-based depression prevention program. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 538–547.CrossRefPubMed

Merry, S. N., Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G. R., Brudevold-Iversen, T., Bir, J. J., & McDowell, H. (2011). Psychological and educational interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub3/abstract.PubMed

Messer, S. C., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Loeber, R. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents: Factor composition and structure across development. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 251–262.

Miller, L. D., Laye-Gindhu, A., Bennett, J. L., Liu, Y., Gold, S., March, J. S., et al. (2011a). An effectiveness study of a culturally enriched school-based CBT anxiety prevention program. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 618–629.CrossRefPubMed

Miller, L. D., Laye-Gindhu, A., Liu, Y., March, J. S., Thordarson, D. S., & Garland, E. J. (2011b). Evaluation of a preventive intervention for child anxiety in two randomized attention-control school trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 315–323.CrossRefPubMed

Miller, L. D., Short, C., Garland, E. J., & Clark, S. (2010). The ABCs of CBT (cognitive behavior therapy): Evidence-based approaches to child anxiety in public school settings. Journal of Counseling and Development, 88, 432–439.CrossRef

Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999). Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: The QUOROM statement. The Lancet, 354, 1896–1900.CrossRef

Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. J. (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research. Washington, DC US: National Academy Press.

Neil, A. L., & Christensen, H. (2009). Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 208–215.CrossRefPubMed

Pattison, C., & Lynd-Stevenson, R. M. (2001). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children: The immediate and long-term outcomes of a school based program. Behaviour Change, 18, 92–102.CrossRef

Pössel, P., Baldus, C., Horn, A. B., Groen, G., & Hautzinger, M. (2005). Influence of general self-efficacy on the effects of a school-based universal primary prevention program of depressive symptoms in adolescents: A randomized and controlled follow-up study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 982–994.CrossRefPubMed

Pössel, P., Horn, A. B., Groen, G., & Hautzinger, M. (2004). School-based prevention of depressive symptoms in adolescents: A 6-month follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1003–1010.CrossRefPubMed

Pössel, P., Seemann, S., & Hautzinger, M. (2008). Impact of comorbidity in prevention of adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 106–117.CrossRef

Puura, K., Almqvist, F., Tamminen, T., Piha, J., Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., et al. (1998). Children with symptoms of depression—What do the adults see? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 577–585.CrossRefPubMed

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef

Reynolds, C. R. (1980). Concurrent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 774–775.CrossRefPubMed

Reynolds, W. M., & Mazza, J. J. (1998). Reliability and validity of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale with young adolescents. Journal of School Psychology, 36, 295–312.CrossRef

Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1978). What I think and feel: A revised measure of children’s manifest anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 6, 271–280.CrossRef

Rice, D. P., & Miller, L. S. (1998). Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. The British journal of Psychiatry. Supplement, 34, 4–9.PubMed

Rivet Duval, E., Heriot, S., & Hunt, C. (2011). Preventing adolescent depression in Mauritius: A universal school-based program. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16, 86–91.CrossRef

Roberts, C. M., Kane, R., Bishop, B., Cross, D., Fenton, J., & Hart, B. (2010). The prevention of anxiety and depression in children from disadvantaged schools. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 68–73.CrossRefPubMed

Roberts, C., Kane, R., Bishop, B., Matthews, H., & Thomson, H. (2004). The prevention of depressive symptoms in rural school children: A follow-up study. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 6, 4–16.CrossRef

Ruini, C., Ottolini, F., Tomba, E., Belaise, C., Albieri, E., Visani, D., et al. (2009). School intervention for promoting psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 522–532.CrossRefPubMed

Sawyer, M. G., Harchak, T. F., Spence, S. H., Bond, L., Graetz, B., Kay, D., et al. (2010a). School-based prevention of depression: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of the beyondblue schools research initiative. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47, 297–304.CrossRefPubMed

Sawyer, M. G., Pfeiffer, S., Spence, S. H., Bond, L., Graetz, B., Kay, D., et al. (2010b). School-based prevention of depression: A randomised controlled study of the beyondblue schools research initiative. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 199–209.CrossRefPubMed

Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: An integrative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 125–144.CrossRefPubMed

Sheffield, J. K., Spence, S. H., Rapee, R. M., Kowalenko, N., Wignall, A., Davis, A., & McLoone, J. (2006). Evaluation of universal, indicated, and combined cognitive-behavioral approaches to the prevention of depression among adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 66–79.CrossRefPubMed

Simon, E., & Bögels, S. M. (2009). Screening for anxiety disorders in children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 625–634.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Spence, S. H. (1997). Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: A confirmatory factor-analytic study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 280–297.CrossRefPubMed

Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J. K., & Donovan, C. L. (2003). Preventing adolescent depression: An evaluation of the problem solving for life program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 3–13.CrossRefPubMed

Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J. K., & Donovan, C. L. (2005). Long-term outcome of a school-based, universal approach to prevention of depression in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 160–167.CrossRefPubMed

Spielberger, C. D., Edwards, C. D., Montouri, J., & Lushene, R. (1973). State-trait anxiety inventory for children. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology Press.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.

Spybrook, J., Raudenbush, S. W., Liu, X. F., Congdon, R., & Martinez, A. (2008). Optimal design for longitudinal and multilevel research: Documentation for the “Optimal Design” software (Version 1.76) [Software manual]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

Stallard, P., Velleman, R., Langsford, J., & Baldwin, S. (2001). Coping and psychological distress in children involved in road traffic accidents. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 197–208.CrossRefPubMed

Stice, E., Shaw, H., Bohon, C., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2009). A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 486–503.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2011). A meta-analytic review on the prevention of symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 1046–1059.CrossRef

Tomba, E., Belaise, C., Ottolini, F., Ruini, C., Bravi, A., Albieri, E., et al. (2010). Differential effects of well-being promoting and anxiety-management strategies in a non-clinical school setting. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 326–333.CrossRefPubMed

Trudeau, L., Spoth, R., Randall, G. K., & Azevedo, K. (2007). Longitudinal effects of a universal family-focused intervention on growth patterns of adolescent internalizing symptoms and polysubstance use: Gender comparisons. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 725–740.CrossRef

Wallace, B. C., Schmid, C. H., Lau, J., & Trikalinos, T. A. (2009). Meta-analyst: Software for meta-analysis of binary, continuous and diagnostic data. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 9, 80.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Wilson, S. J., & Lipsey, M. W. (2007). School-based interventions for aggressive and disruptive behavior: Update of a meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 130–143.CrossRef

Titel: Universal Prevention for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children: A Meta-analysis of Randomized and Cluster-Randomized Trials
verfasst von: Johan Ahlen
Fabian Lenhard
Ata Ghaderi
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2015
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Prevention / Ausgabe 6/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-5533
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-5541
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-015-0405-4

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2015

Rapid HIV Screening in an Urban Jail: How Testing at Exit With Linkage to Community Care Can Address Perceived Barriers

Nurse Family Partnership: Comparing Costs per Family in Randomized Trials Versus Scale-Up

Acknowledgment of Reviewers of Volume 36

Process and Outcomes From a Youth-Led Campaign to Address Healthy Eating in an Urban High School

Acculturative Dissonance and Risks for Proactive and Reactive Aggression Among Latino/a Adolescents: Implications for Culturally Relevant Prevention and Interventions

Theory of Planned Behavior in School-Based Adolescent Problem Gambling Prevention: A Conceptual Framework