Background
Methods
Study sites
Study design and data collection procedures
Measures
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics | Men | (n = 441) | Women | (n = 659) | All | (n = 1100) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freq | % | Freq | % | Freq | % | ||
Age group
| |||||||
15-19 | 27 | 6.2 | 42 | 6.4 | 69 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
20-24 | 23 | 5.2 | 67 | 10.2 | 90 | 8.2 | |
25-29 | 48 | 10.9 | 141 | 21.4 | 189 | 17.2 | |
30-34 | 99 | 22.5 | 164 | 24.9 | 263 | 23.9 | |
35-39 | 109 | 24.7 | 134 | 20.3 | 243 | 22.1 | |
40-44 | 79 | 17.9 | 89 | 13.5 | 168 | 15.3 | |
45-49 | 56 | 12.7 | 22 | 3.3 | 78 | 7.1 | |
Education level
| |||||||
None | 46 | 10.5 | 130 | 19.7 | 176 | 16.0 | <0.001 |
Primary | 237 | 54.0 | 348 | 52.8 | 585 | 53.3 | |
Secondary+ | 156 | 35.5 | 181 | 27.5 | 337 | 30.7 | |
District
| |||||||
Kampala | 135 | 30.6 | 239 | 36.3 | 374 | 34.0 | |
Kabarole | 138 | 31.3 | 222 | 33.7 | 360 | 32.7 | 0.02 |
Gulu | 168 | 38.1 | 198 | 30.1 | 366 | 33.3 | |
Residence
| |||||||
Urban | 169 | 38.3 | 316 | 48.0 | 485 | 44.1 | 0.002 |
Rural | 272 | 61.7 | 343 | 52.0 | 615 | 55.9 | |
Marital status
| |||||||
Single | 46 | 10.4 | 70 | 10.6 | 116 | 10.6 | <0.001 |
In relationship | 40 | 9.1 | 100 | 15.2 | 140 | 12.7 | |
Married | 261 | 59.2 | 244 | 37.0 | 505 | 45.9 | |
Divorced/separated | 60 | 13.6 | 111 | 16.8 | 171 | 15.6 | |
Widowed | 34 | 7.7 | 134 | 20.3 | 168 | 15.3 | |
Religion
| |||||||
Catholic | 228 | 51.7 | 324 | 49.2 | 552 | 50.2 | 0.155 |
Protestant | 131 | 29.7 | 187 | 28.4 | 318 | 28.9 | |
Muslim | 36 | 8.2 | 48 | 7.3 | 84 | 7.6 | |
Other | 46 | 10.4 | 100 | 15.1 | 146 | 13.3 | |
Occupation
| |||||||
Peasant farmer | 143 | 32.4 | 240 | 36.4 | 383 | 34.8 | 0.001 |
Salaried | 60 | 13.6 | 55 | 8.4 | 115 | 10.5 | |
Business/commercial | 95 | 21.5 | 162 | 24.6 | 257 | 23.4 | |
Casual worker | 71 | 16.1 | 61 | 9.3 | 132 | 12.0 | |
Other | 72 | 16.1 | 141 | 21.4 | 212 5 | 19.4 | |
Expenditure
| |||||||
<30,000 | 118 | 26.8 | 215 | 32.6 | 333 | 30.3 | 0.024 |
31,000-100,000 | 136 | 30.8 | 210 | 31.9 | 346 | 31.5 | |
110,000+ | 160 | 36.3 | 185 | 28.1 | 345 | 31.4 | |
Don't know/missing/can't disclose | 27 | 6.2 | 49 | 7.4 | 76 | 6.9 | |
Health facility
| |||||||
Hospital | 243 | 55.1 | 363 | 55.1 | 606 | 55.1 | 0.922 |
HC IV | 108 | 24.5 | 156 | 23.7 | 264 | 24.0 | |
Other | 90 | 20.4 | 140 | 21.2 | 230 | 20.9 | |
Number of years since testing HIV+ve
| |||||||
<1 | 64 | 14.7 | 61 | 9.3 | 125 | 11.4 | 0.02 |
1-2 | 198 | 45.3 | 283 | 43.1 | 481 | 44.0 | |
3-4 | 113 | 25.9 | 198 | 30.1 | 311 | 28.4 | |
5+ | 62 | 14.2 | 115 | 17.5 | 177 | 16.2 | |
Time since started on ARVs (yrs)*
| |||||||
<1 | 81 | 24.9 | 84 | 18.8 | 165 | 21.4 | 0.115 |
1-4 | 197 | 60.6 | 297 | 66.4 | 494 | 64.0 | |
5+ | 47 | 14.5 | 66 | 14.8 | 113 | 14.6 | |
Health status
| |||||||
Poor/fair | 70 | 21.3 | 84 | 18.6 | 154 | 19.7 | |
Good | 180 | 54.9 | 251 | 55.5 | 431 | 55.3 | |
Very good | 78 | 23.8 | 117 | 25.9 | 195 | 25.0 | 0.58 |
Number of children
| |||||||
0-2 | 115 | 32.1 | 166 | 34.5 | 281 | 33.4 | |
3-4 | 117 | 32.7 | 187 | 38.7 | 304 | 36.2 | 0.03 |
5-15 | 126 | 35.2 | 130 | 26.9 | 256 | 30.4 | |
Disclosure of HIV status
| |||||||
Yes | 289 | 65.5 | 317 | 48.1 | 606 | 55.1 | |
No | 25 | 5.7 | 54 | 8.2 | 79 | 7.2 | <0.001 |
No partner | 127 | 28.8 | 288 | 43.7 | 415 | 37.7 | |
Been pregnant since HIV diagnosis
| |||||||
Yes | 123 | 27.9 | 216 | 32.8 | 339 | 30.8 | |
No | 318 | 72.1 | 443 | 67.2 | 761 | 69.2 | 0.09 |
Pregnant/partner pregnant**
| |||||||
Yes | 33 | 11.3 | 44 | 13.1 | 77 | 12.2 | |
No | 260 | 88.7 | 292 | 86.9 | 552 | 87.8 | 0.48 |
Desire to have children rated as medium or high
| |||||||
Yes | 93 | 24.4 | 112 | 19.0 | 205 | 21.1 | |
No | 288 | 75.6 | 477 | 81.0 | 765 | 78.9 | 0.04 |
Fertility desires and intentions, and unplanned pregnancies
Use of family planning methods and contraceptive preferences for future use
Method Method | Currently used any FP methods freq (%) | Preferred FP method for future use freq (%) (%ge)(%ge) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 441) |
Women (n = 659) |
All (n = 1100) |
Men (n = 441) |
Women (n = 659) |
All (n = 1100)* | |
Male methods
| ||||||
Male condoms | 272 (61.8) | 258 (39.2) | 530 (48.2) | 355 (80.5) | 419 (63.6) | 774(70.4) |
Male sterilization | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 65 (14.7) | 85 (12.9) | 150 (13.6) |
Female methods
| ||||||
Injectable | 21 (4.8) | 58 (8.8) | 79 (7.1) | 111 (25.2) | 228 (34.6) | 339 (30.8) |
Pill | 9 (2.0) | 23 (3.5) | 32 (2.9) | 92 (20.9) | 126 (19.1) | 218 (19.8) |
Implants | 11 (2.5) | 15 (2.3) | 26 (2.4) | 81 (18.4) | 118 (17.9) | 199 (18.1) |
Female sterilization | 4 (0.9) | 9 (1.4) | 13 (1.2) | 62 (11.1) | 114 (17.3) | 176 (16.0) |
Female condoms | 5 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | 10 (0.9) | 96 (21.8) | 129 (19.6) | 225 (20.5) |
Emergency contraception | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) | 65 (14.7) | 115 (17.5) | 180 (16.4) |
IUD | 0.0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 39 (8.8) | 45 (6.8) | 84 (7.6) |
Diaphragm | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.09) | 33 (7.5) | 39 (5.9) | 72 (6.6) |
Foam/jelly | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 46 (10.4) | 94 (14.3) | 140 (12.7) |
Natural methods
| ||||||
Withdrawal | 23 (5.2) | 17 (2.6) | 40 (3.6) | 102 (23.1) | 156 (23.7) | 258 (23.5) |
Rhythm method | 12 (2.7) | 18 (2.7) | 30 (2.7) | 106 (24.0) | 136 (20.6) | 242 (22.0) |
Lactational Amenorrhoea | 5 (1.1) | 16 (2.4) | 21 (1.9) | 80 (18.4) | 125 (19.0) | 205 (18.6) |
Using any FP method
|
300 (68.0)
|
340 (51.6)
|
640 (58.2)
| - | - | - |
Using dual FP methods
|
54 (12.2)
|
71 (10.8)
|
125 (11.4)
|
Variable | Currently using any FP methods n = 242 (79.6%) | Currently using modern FP methods† n = 207 (68.1%) | Currently using effective FP methods n = 44 (14.5%) |
---|---|---|---|
Number (%
|
Number (%)
|
Number (%)
| |
Age
| |||
15-24 | 37 (78.7) | 30 (63.8) | 12 (25.5) |
25-34 | 119 (80.4) | 101 (68.2) | 16 (10.8) |
35-49 | 86(78.9) | 76 (69.7) | 16 (14.7) |
Education
| |||
None | 42 (73.7) | 36 (63.2) | 11 (19.3) |
Primary | 123 (76.4) | 104 (64.6) | 22 (13.7) |
Secondary+ | 77 (89.5) | 67 (77.9) | 11 (12.8) |
District
| |||
Kampala | 98 (83.8) | 84 (71.8) | 13 (11.1) |
Gulu | 69 (69.7) | 57 (57.8) | 21 (21.2) |
Kabarole | 75 (85.2) | 66 (75.0) | 10 (11.4) |
Religion
| |||
Catholic | 115 (77.2) | 95 (63.8) | 23 (15.4) |
Protestant | 71 (82.6) | 60 (69.8) | 12 (14.0) |
Muslim | 26 (92.9) | 24 (85.7) | 3 (10.7) |
Other | 28 (71.8) | 26 (66.7) | 6 (15.4) |
Marital status
| |||
In relationship | 78 (83.9) | 63 (67.7) | 13 (14.0) |
Married | 164 (77.7) | 144 (68.3) | 31 (14.7) |
Occupation
| |||
Peasant farmer | 90 (77.6) | 76 (65.5) | 21 (18.1) |
Salaried | 27 (93.1) | 24 (82.8) | 3 (10.3) |
Business/commercial | 63 (80.8) | 52 (66.7) | 10 (12.8) |
Casual worker | 20 (74.1) | 18 (66.7) | 3 (11.1) |
Other | 42 (77.8) | 37 (68.5) | 7 (13.0) |
Expenditure
| |||
<30,000 | 62 (72.9) | 53 (62.4) | 13 (15.3) |
31,000-100,000 | 85 (81.0) | 72 (68.6) | 15 (14.3) |
110,000+ | 84 (83.2) | 71 (70.3) | 14 (13.9) |
Unknown | 11 (84.6) | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) |
Facility level
| |||
Hospital | 130 (80.3) | 112 (69.1) | 22 (13.6) |
HC IV | 61 (80.3) | 53 (69.7) | 7 (9.2) |
Other | 51 (77.3) | 42 (63.6) | 15 (22.7) |
Number of years since testing
| |||
<1 year | 22 (73.3) | 19 (63.3) | 2 (6.7) |
1-2 | 104 (77.0) | 88 (65.2) | 24 (17.8) |
3-4 | 65 (83.3) | 56 (71.8) | 12 (15.4) |
5+ | 50 (83.3) | 43 (71.7) | 5 (8.3) |
Time since start on ARVs+
| |||
<1 year | 28 (77.8) | 26 (72.2) | 2 (5.6) |
1-4 | 113 (84.3) | 100 (74.6) | 15 (11.2) |
5+ | 19 (76.0) | 14 (56.0) | 2 (8.0) |
Health status
| |||
Poor/fair | 28 (75.7) | 24 (64.9) | 4 (10.8) |
Good | 84 (80.0) | 76 (72.4) | 12 (11.4) |
Very good | 49 (90.7) | 41 (75.9) | 4 (7.4) |
Number of biological children
| |||
None | 19 (67.9) | 18 (64.3) | 3 (10.7) |
1-2 | 92 (84.4) | 79 (72.5) | 16 (14.7) |
3-4 | 89 (81.7) | 74 (67.9) | 17 (15.6) |
5-10 | 42 (72.4) | 36 (62.1) | 8 (13.8) |
Disclosed HIV status
| |||
Yes | 210 (80.2) | 180 (68.7) | 41 (15.7) |
No | 32 (19.8) | 25 (62.5) | 3 (7.5) |
Desire for children
| |||
None | 132 (83.5) | 110 (69.6) | 23 (14.6) |
Low | 54 (73.0) | 45 (60.8) | 13 (17.6) |
Medium/high | 53 (76.8) | 49 (71.0) | 8 (11.6) |
Partner desire for children
| |||
None | 77 (87.5) | 67 (76.1) | 5 (5.7) |
Low | 33 (68.8) | 29 (60.4) | 8 (16.7) |
Medium/high | 132 (78.6) | 111 (66.1) | 31 (18.5) |
Discussion on timing of children
| |||
Yes | 190 (83.3) | 163 (71.5) | 32 (14.0) |
No | 48 (68.6) | 40 (57.1) | 11 (15.7) |
Predictors of current use of modern family planning methods
Unadjusted OR | 95%CI | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (base = 15-24)
| ||||
25-34 | 1.21 | 0.61-2.42 | 0.18 | 0.03-0.97 |
35-49 | 1.31 | 0.63-2.69 | 0.21 | 0.04-1.11 |
Education (base = none)
| ||||
Primary | 1.06 | 0.57-1.99 | ||
Secondary+ | 2.06 | 0.98-4.32 | ||
District (base = Kampala)
| ||||
Gulu | 0.53 | 0.30-0.94* | 0.42 | 0.15-1.15 |
Kabarole | 1.18 | 0.63-2.21 | 0.97 | 0.42-2.21 |
Religion (base = Catholic)
| ||||
Protestant | 1.31 | 0.74-2.32 | 1.48 | 0.68-3.21 |
Muslim | 3.41 | 1.12-10.35* | 3.18 | 0.77-13.10 |
Other | 1.14 | 0.54-2.39 | 1.49 | 0.51-4.36 |
Marital status (base = in relationship)
| ||||
Married | 1.02 | 0.61-1.73 | ||
Occupation (base = peasant)
| ||||
Salaried | 2.52 | 0.90-7.12 | ||
Business/commercial | 1.05 | 0.57-1.93 | ||
Casual worker | 1.05 | 0.43-2.56 | ||
Other | 1.15 | 0.57-2.28 | ||
Expenditure (base <30,000)
| ||||
31,000-100,000 | 1.32 | 0.72-2.40 | ||
110,000+ | 1.43 | 0.77-2.64 | ||
Facility level (base = hospital)
| ||||
HC IV | 1.03 | 0.57-1.86 | ||
Other | 0.78 | 0.43-1.43 | ||
Number of years since testing (base < 1)
| ||||
1-2 | 1.08 | 0.48-2.47 | ||
3-4 | 1.47 | 0.60-3.59 | ||
5+ | 1.46 | 0.58-3.72 | ||
Time since start on ARVs+ (base <1)
| ||||
1-4 | 1.13 | 0.49-2.59 | 1.32 | 0.54-3.24 |
5+ | 0.49 | 0.17-1.43 | 0.45 | 0.13-1.53 |
Health status (base = poor/fair)
| ||||
Good | 1.42 | 0.64-3.16 | ||
Very good | 1.71 | 0.68-4.28 | ||
Number of children (base = 0)
| ||||
1-2 | 1.46 | 0.61-3.52 | ||
3-4 | 1.17 | 0.49-2.81 | ||
5-10 | 0.91 | 0.36-2.32 | ||
Disclosed HIV status (base = yes)
| ||||
No | 0.76 | 0.38-1.52 | 0.30 | 0.10-0.85* |
Desire for children (base = none)
| ||||
Low | 0.68 | 0.38-1.21 | ||
Medium/high | 1.07 | 0.57-1.99 | ||
Partner desire for children (base = none)
| ||||
Low | 0.48 | 0.22-1.02 | 0.34 | 0.12-0.97* |
Medium/high | 0.61 | 0.34-1.10 | 0.45 | 0.20-1.03 |
Discussion on timing of children (base = yes)
| ||||
No | 0.53 | 0.31-0.93* | 0.40 | 0.20-0.81* |