nach oben

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Erschienen in:

01.10.2014 | Original Article

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a comprehensive carcinogenic biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a cross-sectional study of coke oven workers in China

verfasst von: Yuko Yamano, Kunio Hara, Masayoshi Ichiba, Tomoyuki Hanaoka, Guowei Pan, Toshio Nakadate

Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Ausgabe 7/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are multiple compounds that include many carcinogens. We conducted a cross-sectional study in steel plant workers in Anshan, China, to identify biomarkers that reflect the carcinogenicity of PAHs.

Methods

Subjects were 57 workers and 20 controls. Level of personal exposure to PAHs was measured using GC–MS. In accordance with the assessment methods defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 15 PAHs were selected for the analysis. For the measurement of urinary metabolites, urine samples were treated with β-glucuronidase and analyzed using HPLC with a fluorescence detector.

Results

The mean range of personal exposure to 15 PAHs (total PAHs) was 178.85, 47.08–1,329.45 (geometric mean, 5th and 95th percentile) μg/m³. Ten known urinary metabolites (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene, 6-hydroxychrysene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene) and four unknown peaks were detected. The highest correlation was between total PAHs and urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (Spearman r = 0.716, P < 0.01). Among the detected urinary metabolites, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were found to correlate significantly with the “Σ carcinogenic potency of PAHs” (sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs calculated from the levels of personal PAHs and relative potency factors), and with the greatest correlation found for 1-hydroxypyrene (Spearman r = 0.630, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The analysis of personal exposure to 15 PAHs and 10 urinary metabolites, and calculation of Σ carcinogenic potency, indicated that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was the most comprehensive carcinogenic biomarker of exposure to PAHs.

Angerer J, Mannschreck C, Gundel J (1997a) Biological monitoring and biochemical effect monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 70(6):365–377CrossRef

Angerer J, Mannschreck C, Gundel J (1997b) Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a graphite-electrode producing plant: biological monitoring of 1-hydroxypyrene and monohydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69(5):323–331CrossRef

Brandt HC, Watson WP (2003) Monitoring human occupational and environmental exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds. Ann Occup Hyg 47(5):349–378CrossRef

Castano-Vinyals G, D’Errico A, Malats N, Kogevinas M (2004) Biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental air pollution. Occup Environ Med 61(4):e12CrossRef

Cenni A, Sciarra G, Sartorelli P, Pappalardo F (1993) Environmental and biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke plants and other workplaces. Med Lav 84(5):379–386

Collins JF, Brown JP, Alexeeff GV, Salmon AG (1998) Potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 28(1):45–54CrossRef

Farmer PB (1995) Monitoring of human exposure to carcinogens through DNA and protein adduct determination. Toxicol Lett 82–83:757–762CrossRef

Gundel J, Schaller KH, Angerer J (2000) Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a fireproof stone producing plant: biological monitoring of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 73(4):270–274CrossRef

Hanaoka T, Yamano Y, Pan G, Hara K, Ichiba M, Zhang J, Zhang S, Liu T, Li L, Takahashi K, Kagawa J, Tsugane S (2002) Cytochrome P450 1B1 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ 296(1–3):27–33CrossRef

Hansen AM, Mathiesen L, Pedersen M, Knudsen LE (2008) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) in environmental and occupational studies–a review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 211(5–6):471–503CrossRef

Hara K, Hanaoka T, Yamano Y, Itani T (1997) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of garbage collectors with low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Total Environ 199(1–2):159–164CrossRef

Hara K, Hanaoka T, Yamano Y, Pan G, Ichiba M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Feng Y, Guan D, Gao G, Xu Z, Takahashi K, Itani T (1998) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese coke oven workers. Nagoya Med J 42(3):157–169

Heikkila P, Luotamo M, Pyy L, Riihimaki V (1995) Urinary 1-naphthol and 1-pyrenol as indicators of exposure to coal tar products. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 67(3):211–217

Heudorf U, Angerer J (2001) Urinary monohydroxylated phenanthrenes and hydroxypyrene–the effects of smoking habits and changes induced by smoking on monooxygenase-mediated metabolism. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74(3):177–183CrossRef

Hopf NB, Kirkeleit J, Kramer SL, Moen B, Succop P, Genter MB, Carreon T, Mack J, Talaska G (2010) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in offshore workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 83(1):55–59CrossRef

Ichiba M (2004) Risk assessment of environmental carcinogenesis using WBC DNA adducts. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 59(3):311–316 (in Japanese)CrossRef

Ichiba M, Matsumoto A, Kondoh T, Horita M, Tomokuni K (2006) Decreasing urinary PAH metabolites and 7-methylguanine after smoking cessation. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 79(7):545–549CrossRef

Ichiba M, Ogawa Y, Mohri I, Kondoh T, Horita M, Matsumoto A, Yoshida R, Matsumoto Y, Saito H, Ohba K, Yamashita Z, Tomokuni K (2007) Analysis of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in incineration workers. J Occup Health 49(2):159–164CrossRef

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (1984) Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 3: Industrial exposures in aluminium production, coal gasification, coke production, and iron and steel founding. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals in human, vol 34. IARC, Lyon

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (1986) Tobacco Smoking. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 38. IARC, Lyon

Jaffe M (1886) Measurement of creatinine using picric acid. Z Physiol Chem 10:391–400

Jia Y, Stone D, Wang W, Schrlau J, Tao S, Simonich SL (2011) Estimated reduction in cancer risk due to PAH exposures if source control measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics were sustained. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):815–820CrossRef

Jongeneelen FJ (1992) Biological exposure limit for occupational exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles at coke ovens. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 63(8):511–516CrossRef

Jongeneelen FJ, Bos RP, Anzion RB, Theuws JL, Henderson PT (1986) Biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolites in urine. Scand J Work Environ Health 12(2):137–143CrossRef

Jongeneelen FJ, van Leeuwen FE, Oosterink S, Anzion RB, van der Loop F, Bos RP, van Veen HG (1990) Ambient and biological monitoring of coke oven workers: determinants of the internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Br J Ind Med 47(7):454–461

Kuusimaki L, Peltonen Y, Mutanen P, Peltonen K, Savela K (2004) Urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as markers of exposure to diesel exhaust. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77(1):23–30CrossRef

Li Z, Sandau CD, Romanoff LC, Caudill SP, Sjodin A, Needham LL, Patterson DG Jr (2008) Concentration and profile of 22 urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the US population. Environ Res 107(3):320–331CrossRef

Marczynski B, Pesch B, Wilhelm M, Rossbach B, Preuss R, Hahn JU, Rabstein S, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Seidel A, Rihs HP, Adams A, Scherenberg M, Erkes A, Engelhardt B, Straif K, Kafferlein HU, Angerer J, Bruning T (2009) Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DNA damage by industry: a nationwide study in Germany. Arch Toxicol 83(10):947–957CrossRef

Ny ET, Heederik D, Kromhout H, Jongeneelen F (1993) The relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and in urine of workers in a Soderberg potroom. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 54(6):277–284CrossRef

Ovrebo S, Haugen A, Farmer PB, Anderson D (1995) Evaluation of biomarkers in plasma, blood, and urine samples from coke oven workers: significance of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Occup Environ Med 52(11):750–756CrossRef

Pan G, Hanaoka T, Yamano Y, Hara K, Ichiba M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Feng Y, Shujuan Z, Guan D, Gao G, Liu N, Takahashi K (1998) A study of multiple biomarkers in coke oven workers—a cross-sectional study in China. Carcinogenesis 19(11):1963–1968CrossRef

Pan G, Hanaoka T, Ichiba M, Zhang J, Yamano Y, Hara K, Takahashi K (2003) Effects of polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and NAT2 on aromatic DNA adduct in coke-oven workers. J UOEH 25(1 Suppl):111–126

Popp W, Vahrenholz C, Schell C, Grimmer G, Dettbarn G, Kraus R, Brauksiepe A, Schmeling B, Gutzeit T, von Bulow J, Norpoth K (1997) DNA single strand breakage, DNA adducts, and sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes and phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites in urine of coke oven workers. Occup Environ Med 54(3):176–183CrossRef

Redmond CK, Ciocco A, Lloyd JW, Rush HW (1972) Long-term mortality study of steelworkers. VI. Mortality from malignant neoplasms among coke oven workers. J Occup Med 14(8):621–629

Rihs HP, Pesch B, Kappler M, Rabstein S, Rossbach B, Angerer J, Scherenberg M, Adams A, Wilhelm M, Seidel A, Bruning T (2005) Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in German industries: association between exogenous exposure and urinary metabolites and its modulation by enzyme polymorphisms. Toxicol Lett 157(3):241–255CrossRef

Rossbach B, Preuss R, Letzel S, Drexler H, Angerer J (2007) Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by determination of monohydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene and pyrene in urine. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 81(2):221–229CrossRef

Rossella F, Campo L, Pavanello S, Kapka L, Siwinska E, Fustinoni S (2009) Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monohydroxy metabolites as biomarkers of exposure in coke oven workers. Occup Environ Med 66(8):509–516CrossRef

Serdar B, Waidyanatha S, Zheng Y, Rappaport SM (2003) Simultaneous determination of urinary 1- and 2-naphthols, 3- and 9-phenanthrols, and 1-pyrenol in coke oven workers. Biomarkers 8(2):93–109CrossRef

Sobus JR, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Waidyanatha S, Nylander-French LA, Kupper LL, Rappaport SM (2009a) Comparing urinary biomarkers of airborne and dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds in asphalt-exposed workers. Ann Occup Hyg 53(6):561–571CrossRef

Sobus JR, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Waidyanatha S, Onyemauwa F, Kupper LL, Rappaport SM (2009b) Investigation of PAH biomarkers in the urine of workers exposed to hot asphalt. Ann Occup Hyg 53(6):551–560CrossRef

Sobus JR, Waidyanatha S, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Smith TJ, Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Zheng Y, Rappaport SM (2009c) Urinary naphthalene and phenanthrene as biomarkers of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Occup Environ Med 66(2):99–104CrossRef

Sobus JR, Pleil JD, McClean MD, Herrick RF, Rappaport SM (2010) Biomarker variance component estimation for exposure surrogate selection and toxicokinetic inference. Toxicol Lett 199(3):247–253CrossRef

Strickland P, Kang D (1999) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and other PAH metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to environmental PAH in air particulate matter. Toxicol Lett 108(2–3):191–199CrossRef

Strunk P, Ortlepp K, Heinz H, Rossbach B, Angerer J (2002) Ambient and biological monitoring of coke plant workers—determination of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75(5):354–358CrossRef

Till M, Behnisch P, Hagenmaier H, Bock KW, Schrenk D (1997) Dioxin-like components in incinerator fly ash: a comparison between chemical analysis data and results from a cell culture bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 105(12):1326–1332CrossRef

Tsugane S, Hanaoka T (eds) (1999) Investigation on the black box of environmental carcinogenesis. Challenge of industrial epidemiology. Institute of Science of Labour, Kawasaki (in Japanese)

US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (2010) Development of a Relative Potency Factor (RPF) Approach for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Mixtures (External Review Draft), vol EPA/635/R-08/012A. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC

VanRooij JG, Bodelier-Bade MM, Jongeneelen FJ (1993) Estimation of individual dermal and respiratory uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 12 coke oven workers. Br J Ind Med 50(7):623–632

VanRooij JG, Veeger MM, Bodelier-Bade MM, Scheepers PT, Jongeneelen FJ (1994) Smoking and dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sources of interindividual variability in the baseline excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 66(1):55–65CrossRef

Yan J, Wang L, Fu PP, Yu H (2004) Photomutagenicity of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the US EPA priority pollutant list. Mutat Res 557(1):99–108CrossRef

Zhang J, Ichiba M, Hara K, Zhang S, Hanaoka T, Pan G, Yamano Y, Takahashi K, Tomokuni K (2001) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in coke oven workers relative to exposure, alcohol consumption, and metabolic enzymes. Occup Environ Med 58(11):716–721CrossRef

Zhang J, Ichiba M, Hanaoka T, Pan G, Yamano Y, Hara K, Takahashi K, Tomokuni K (2003) Leukocyte 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and aromatic DNA adduct in coke-oven workers with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76(7):499–504CrossRef

Titel: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a comprehensive carcinogenic biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a cross-sectional study of coke oven workers in China
verfasst von: Yuko Yamano
Kunio Hara
Masayoshi Ichiba
Tomoyuki Hanaoka
Guowei Pan
Toshio Nakadate
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2014
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Ausgabe 7/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-013-0913-6

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2014

Mortality gradient across the labour market core–periphery structure: a 13-year mortality follow-up study in north-eastern France

Changes in physical activity and heart rate variability in chronic neck–shoulder pain: monitoring during work and leisure time

Assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure and absorbed daily doses among infants living in an agricultural area of the Province of Jiangsu, China

Screening for bladder cancer with urinary tumor markers in chemical workers with exposure to aromatic amines

From embouchure problems to embouchure dystonia? A survey of self-reported embouchure disorders in 585 professional orchestra brass players

Diagnostic value of the ISAC® allergy chip in detecting latex sensitizations