Introduction
Theoretical background
Data and variables
Data
Child disability
Living standards
Income measure
Other variables
Statistical methods
Matching technique
Compensation variation
Results
Sample characteristics
All, N (%) | Child disability |
p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No, N (%) | Yes, N (%) | |||
Total | 85,627 (100%) | 81,307 (94.95%) | 4320 (5.05%) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 43,711 (51.05%) | 40,970 (50.39%) | 2741 (63.45%) | <0.0001 |
Female | 41,916 (48.95%) | 40,337 (49.61%) | 1579 (36.55%) | |
Government region | ||||
London | 8743 (10.21%) | 8365 (10.29%) | 378 (8.75%) | 0.001 |
South East | 9996 (11.67%) | 9498 (11.68%) | 498 (11.53%) | |
Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland | 23,566 (27.52%) | 22,420 (27.57%) | 1146 (26.53%) | |
Rest of England | 43,332 (50.59%) | 41,024 (50.36%) | 2298 (53.19%) | |
Type of BU | ||||
Single | 21,586 (25.21%) | 19,934 (24.52%) | 1652 (38.24%) | <0.0001 |
Couple | 64,041 (74.79%) | 61,373 (75.48%) | 2668 (61.76%) | |
Adult with disability in BU | ||||
No | 72,040 (84.13%) | 69.231 (85.15%) | 2809 (65.02%) | <0.0001 |
Yes (at least one parent) | 13,587 (15.87%) | 12,076 (14.85%) | 1511 (34.98%) | |
Year | ||||
2004/05 | 12,822 (14.97%) | 12,232 (15.04%) | 590 (13.66%) | 0.274 |
2005/06 | 11,640 (13.59%) | 11,044 (13.58%) | 596 (13.80%) | |
2006/07 | 11,150 (13.02%) | 10,603 (13.04%) | 547 (12.66%) | |
2007/08 | 10,411 (12.16%) | 9857 (12.12%) | 554 (12.82%) | |
2008/09 | 10,414 (12.16%) | 9888 (12.16%) | 526 (12.18%) | |
2009/10 | 10,279 (12.00%) | 9744 (11.98%) | 535 (12.38%) | |
2010/11 | 10,353 (12.09%) | 9829 (12.09%) | 524 (12.13%) | |
2011/12 | 8558 (9.99%) | 8110 (9.97%) | 448 (10.37 | |
Total savings | ||||
No savings | 4,116 (4.81%) | 3857 (4.74%) | 259 (6.00%) | <0.0001 |
Savings less than £1500 | 46,241 (54%) | 43,428 (53.41%) | 2813 (65.12%) | |
Savings over £1500 and up to £20,000 | 22,001 (25.69%) | 21,198 (26.07%) | 803 (18.59%) | |
Savings over £20,000 | 10,609 (12.39%) | 10,240 (12.59%) | 369 (8.54%) | |
Did not want to say | 2660 (3.11%) | 2584 (3.18%) | 76 (1.76%) | |
Employment status | ||||
In employment | 60,835 (71.05%) | 58,424 (71.86%) | 2411 (55.81%) | <0.0001 |
ILO unemployed | 3038 (3.55%) | 2849 (3.50%) | 189 (4.38%) | |
Economically inactive | 21,754 (25.41%) | 20,034 (24.64%) | 1720 (39.81%) | |
Sex of household reference person | ||||
Male | 52,503 (61.32%) | 50,410 (62.00%) | 2093 (48.45%) | <0.0001 |
Female | 33,124 (38.68%) | 30,897 (38.00%) | 2227 (51.55%) |
Mean (SD) | No, mean (SD) | Yes, mean (SD) |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Child age | 7.42 (4.67) | 7.34 (4.69) | 8.96 (4.15) | <0.0001 |
Age household reference person left full time education (years above 16) | 1.08 (2.15) | 1.10 (2.17) | 0.67 (1.77) | <0.0001 |
Number of dependent children in household | 2.19 (0.99) | 2.19 (0.99) | 2.11 (0.99) | <0.0001 |
Disability index
Area affected | Logit coefficients, (95% CI) | Normalised weights |
---|---|---|
Mobility | 0.427 (0.23; 0.62) | 0.135 |
Lifting | 0.226 (−0.03; 0.48) | 0.072 |
Dexterity | 0.214 (−0.02; 0.45) | 0.068 |
Incontinence | 0.391 (0.19; 0.60) | 0.124 |
Communication | 0.496 (0.31; 0.68) | 0.157 |
Memory | 0.231 (0.02; 0.44) | 0.073 |
Appreciation of danger | 1.045 (0.84; 1.25) | 0.331 |
Co-ordination | 0.034 (−0.17; 0.24) | 0.011 |
Other | 0.089 (−0.08; 0.25) | 0.028 |
Sum | 3.154 | 1.0000 |
Living standards index
Income
Disability | Measure of income (mean (SD) [s]) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Net income | Net income + formal care | Discretionary income | Discretionary income + formal care | |
No disability | 715.18 (671.79) [81,307] | 715.18 (671.79) [81,307] | 617.80 (670.49) [73,798] | 617.80 (670.49) [73,798] |
All disabled | 608.73 (481.38) [4320] | 615.63 (494.39) [4,320] | 520.49 (483.10) [3996] | 527.42 (496.16) [3996] |
Quartile 1 | 583.16 (369.11) [1247] | 583.65 (369.61) [1247] | 494.04 (359.20) [1167] | 494.56 (359.74) [1167] |
Quartile 2 | 596.72 (585.88) [1173] | 598.30 (586.74) [1173] | 511.50 (594.29) [1083] | 513.21 (595.31) [1083] |
Quartile 3 | 610.20 (492.73) [817] | 614.95 (499.41) [817] | 521.99 (501.39) [745] | 526.80 (508.06) [745] |
Quartile 4 | 650.08 (458.87) [1083] | 671.74 (502.69) [1083] | 559.94 (458.61} [1001] | 581.60 (502.67} [1001] |
Disability | Measure of income (mean income difference (SD) [N]) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net income | Net income + formal care | Discretionary income | Discretionary income + formal care | |||||
LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | |
No disability | 531.25 (329.38) [48,833] | 991.76 (916.22) [32,474] | 531.25 (329.38) [48,833] | 991.76 (916.22) [32,474] | 436.49 (322.27) [44,503] | 893.23 (921.38) [29,295] | 436.49 (322.27) [44,503] | 893.23 (921.38) [29,295] |
All disabled | 502.52 (250.60) [3167] | 900.46 (761.56) [1153] | 510.24 (282.70) [3167] | 905.11 (763.10) [1153] | 413.91 (248.94) [2925] | 811.54 (765.64) [1071] | 421.65 (281.62) [2925] | 816.29 (767.00) [1071] |
Quartile 1 | 471.52 (242.09) [923] | 901.20 (470.32) [324] | 472.01 (242.39) [923] | 901.72 (471.37) [324] | 385.31 (239.37) [863] | 802.70 (451.94) [304] | 385.82 (239.74) [863] | 803.28 (451.99) [304] |
Quartile 2 | 477.76 (238.80) [857] | 919.34 (989.56) [316] | 478.82 (239.70) [857] | 922.31 (990.26) [316] | 389.98 (236.55) [784] | 830.15 (997.3) [299] | 391.14 (237.53) [784] | 833.28 (998.26) [299] |
Quartile 3 | 507.88 (221.88) [603] | 898.51 (823.28) [214] | 513.45 (242.68) [603] | 900.94 (823.22) [214] | 416.16 (224.49) [554] | 828.94 (842.82) [191] | 421.69 (245.19) [554] | 831.66 (842.70) [191] |
Quartile 4 | 561.97 (281.71) [784] | 881.13 (694.28) [299] | 587.13 (370.35) [784] | 893.61 (699.22) [299] | 472.23 (279.58) [724] | 789.19 (695.95) [277] | 497.39 (369.96) [724] | 801.70 (699.81) [277] |
Compensating variation
Disability | Measure of income (mean income difference (95% CI) [N]) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Net income | Net income + formal care | Discretionary income | Discretionary income + formal care | |
All | 11.18 (−9.20; 31.56) [3918] | 17.73 (−2.89; 38.35) [3918] | 7.28 (−11.21; 25.76) [3603] | 13.87 (−7.87; 35.61) [3603] |
Quartile 1 | 15.19 (−14.75; 45.13) [1110] | 15.62 (−14.35; 45.59) [1110] | 12.86 (−17.05; 42.76) [1033] | 13.31 (−16.62; 43.25) [1033] |
Quartile 2 | −1.16 (−44.68; 42.36) [1026] | 0.48 (−43.12; 44.09) [1026] | 1.87 (−43.16; 46.89) [945] | 3.65 (−41.47; 48.78) [945] |
Quartile 3 | 26.96 (−19.07; 73.00) [705] | 31.09 (−15.27; 77.46) [705] | 31.02 (−15.58; 78.01) [635] | 35.38 (−11.96; 82.72) [635] |
Quartile 4 |
56.80 (17.01; 96.59) [914]
|
78.83 (37.24; 120.42) [914]
|
55.75 (15.16; 96.35) [836]
|
77.71 (35.27; 120.16) [836]
|
Disability | Measure of income (mean income difference (95% CI) [N]) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net income | Net income + formal care | Discretionary income | Discretionary income + formal care | |||||
LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | |
All |
22.78 (6.78; 38.79) [2769]
| −16.78 (−74.62; 41.10) [1149] |
30.11 (13.59; 46.63) [2769]
| −12.10 (−70.10; 45.90) [1149] |
24.08 (8.05; 40.11) [2536]
| −32.65 (−94.55; 29.24) [1067] |
31.44 (14.87; 48.00) [2536]
| −27.88 (−89.91; 34.14) [1067] |
Quartile 1 | 13.99 (−15.70; 43.68) [786] | 18.11 (−55.16; 91.38) [324] | 14.37 (−15.33; 44.08) [786] | 18.63 (−54.73; 91.98) [324] | 14.04 (−14.98; 43.07) [729] | −10.01 (−64.27; 84.29) [304] | 14.46 (−14.59; 43.51) [729] | 10.56 (−63.80; 84.92) [304] |
Quartile 2 | 1.44 (−27.22; 30.10) [712] | −7.06 (−133.91; 119.80) [314] | 2.50 (−26.23; 31.22) [712] | −4.07 (−131.16; 123.02) [314] | 5.01 (−22.61; 32.64) [648] | −5.00 (−135.98; 139.98) [297] | 6.17 (−21.53; 33.87) [648] | −1.84 (−132.48; 128.79) [297] |
Quartile 3 |
45.84 (10.79; 80.89) [491]
| −16.35 (−145.48; 112.78) [214] |
50.71 (14.80; 86.63) [491]
| −13.92 (−143.07; 115.23) [214] |
46.34 (12.31; 80.37) [444]
| −4.60 (−139.98; 130.77) [191] |
51.40 (16.40; 86.40) [444]
| −1.89 (−137.26; 133.48) [191] |
Quartile 4 |
79.71 (43.90; 115.53)[617]
| 9.21 (−88.36; 106.77) [297] |
106.30 (66.54; 146.05) [617]
| 21.77 (−76.33; 119.87) [297] |
82.58 (47.94; 117.22) [561]
| 1.12 (−100.47; 102.52) [275] |
109.13 (70.07; 148.20) [561]
| 13.62 (−88.21; 115.44) [275] |
Receipt of disability benefits and formal care
Disability | Mean (SD) [N] | |
---|---|---|
Disability benefits | Disability benefits + formal care | |
All | 19.19 (36.12) [3888] | 26.55 (115.61) [3888] |
Quartile 1 | 4.04 (15.80) [1143] | 4.57 (18.60) [1143] |
Quartile 2 | 7.85 (22.38) [1077] | 9.21 (38.10) [1077] |
Quartile 3 | 24.37 (38.78) [726] | 29.43 (81.64) [726] |
Quartile 4 | 46.96 (46.11) [942] | 70.84 (212.35) [942] |
Disability | Mean (SD) [N] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Disability benefits | Disability benefits + formal care | |||
LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | LSI < 1 | LSI = 1 | |
All | 19.06 (35.77) [2790] | 19.51 (37.00) [1098] | 27.40 (130.72) [2790] | 24.39 (62.49) [1098] |
Quartile 1 | 4.12 (16.11) [830] | 3.81 (14.94) [313] | 4.65 (18.99) [830] | 4.35 (17.56) [313] |
Quartile 2 | 7.24 (21.92) [769] | 8.13 (23.53) [308] | 8.42 (26.28) [769] | 11.17 (57.92) [308] |
Quartile 3 | 24.43 (38.55) [519] | 24.22 (39.46) [207] | 30.51 (91.85) [519] | 26.73 (47.25) [207] |
Quartile 4 | 46.91 (45.45) [672] | 47.10 (47.79) [270] | 74.83 (244.88) [672] | 60.92 (89.56) [270] |