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Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie 1/2021

26.01.2021 | Ablationstherapie | Empfehlungen und Stellungnahmen

Empfehlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zur Katheterablation ventrikulärer Arrhythmien

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Thomas Deneke, Ralph Bosch, Isabel Deisenhofer, Lars Eckardt, Boris Schmidt, Philipp Sommer

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 1/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Die Katheterablation ventrikulärer Tachykardien (VT) stellt für viele Patienten mit und ohne strukturelle Herzerkrankung eine effektive Therapieoption dar. Bei Patienten ohne strukturelle Herzerkrankung (idiopathische VT oder ventrikuläre Extrasystolen [VES]) erfolgt die Indikationsstellung üblicherweise symptombezogen. Die Ablation asymptomatischer VES erscheint nur zur Wiederherstellung einer eingeschränkten Ventrikelfunktion gerechtfertigt. Bisher konnte keine Studie einen Mortalitätsvorteil durch die VT-Ablation demonstrieren, allerdings zeigt sich je nach zugrunde liegender kardialer Pathologie in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß eine Reduktion von VT-Rezidiven. Die Indikation zur Ablation von VT bei ischämischer Kardiomyopathie basiert auf mehreren randomisierten Studien, wohingegen die Indikationsempfehlungen zur Ablation bei nichtischämischer VT auf Daten aus Expertenzentren basieren. Eine Klasse-I-Empfehlung zur Katheterablation gibt es unabhängig von der kardialen Pathologie für Patienten mit rezidivierenden VTs trotz chronischer antiarrhythmischer Therapie sowie im elektrischen Sturm. Bei Patienten mit nichtischämischer Kardiomyopathie ist häufig ein epikardiales Vorgehen notwendig. In diesen Fällen können das VT-EKG und die präinterventionelle Bildgebung hilfreich sein. Das intraprozedurale Vorgehen zur Ablation von VTs bei struktureller Herzerkrankung kann auf einer Identifikation von VT-Kanälen mittels präinterventioneller Bildgebung sowie intraprozeduralem Mapping mit einem elektroanatomischen Mappingsystem basieren, zunehmend wird ein High-Density-Mapping angewendet. Entscheidend erscheint die notwendig hohe Expertise der Untersucher und des durchführenden Teams zur Versorgung von Patienten mit VTs. Das Einbinden eines multidisziplinären Teams in der Betreuung von VT-Patienten erscheint insbesondere auch zur optimierten Therapie der Grunderkrankung sinnvoll. Für die Versorgungsstruktur in Deutschland ist die Einbindung einer rhythmologischen Expertise für die differenzierte Versorgung von Patienten mit VTs notwendig. Die epikardiale Ablation von VTs sollte sinnvollerweise in Zentren mit einer dokumentierten Erfahrung von mindestens 75 Ablationen ventrikulärer Arrhythmien sowie allen Voraussetzungen für ein effektives und sicheres Management dieser komplex kranken Patienten erfolgen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Empfehlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zur Katheterablation ventrikulärer Arrhythmien
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Thomas Deneke
Ralph Bosch
Isabel Deisenhofer
Lars Eckardt
Boris Schmidt
Philipp Sommer
Publikationsdatum
26.01.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 1/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-020-00440-x

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