Background
Methods
Study site
Data collection
Results and discussion
Species | Part | Frequency (N = 31) |
---|---|---|
Eleuterococcus giraldii & E. leucorrhisus
| Opening buds | 30 |
Ferns in general (‘zhala’) | Frond stalks | 30 |
Helwingia japonica
| Young leaves | 29 |
Aralia chinensis
| Opening buds | 26 |
Pyrus xerophila
| Fruits | 20 |
Prunus salicina
| Fruits | 19 |
Berchemia sinica
| Fruits | 17 |
Allium victorialis
| Leaves | 16 |
Pteridium aquilinum
| Fronds | 16 |
Rubus mesogaeus & R. thibetanus
| Fruits | 16 |
Juglans cathayensis
| Kernel | 14 |
Thlaspi arvense
| Young aerial parts | 14 |
Eleagnus umbellata
| Fruits | 13 |
Ixeris chinensis
| Young aerial parts, roots | 12 |
Rubus amabilis
| Fruits | 12 |
Schisandra sphenanthera
| Fruits | 12 |
Fragaria pentaphylla
| Fruits | 11 |
Auricularia sp. | Whole mushroom | 10 |
Chenopodium album
| Young aerial parts | 10 |
Decaisnea fargesii
| Fruit pulp | 8 |
Morchella spp. | Whole mushroom | 8 |
Vitis piasezkii
| Fruits | 8 |
Family | Species | Part collected | Local Chinese name | Local Chinese name (pinyin) | Local Tibetan name (broad transcription of pronunciation according to IPA)$ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinidiaceae | Actinidia tetramera Maxim. | F | - | - | |
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus retroflexus L.* | L | 绿苋 | Liu Xian |
ɕir
|
Chenopodium album L. | L | 灰灰菜, 灰条 | Hui Hui Cai, Hui Tiao |
(ng)tieni
| |
Acroglochin persicarioides Moq.* | L | 复灰条 | Fu Hui Tiao |
tieniliәmә [literally ‘sheep Chenopodium’]
| |
Amaryllidaceae | Allium victorialis L. | L | 鹿角菜 | Luo Er Jiu |
ʐe:/ʐɨ:
|
Allium sp. | L | 老葱, 野蒜, 野葱 | Lao Cong, Ye Suan, Ye Cong |
guɔ
| |
Anacardiaceae | Rhus verniciflua Stokes | L | 刺菜 | Ci Cai |
sihei
|
Apiaceae | Carum carvi L. | F(SP) | 野茴香 | Ye Hui Xiang |
gɨni
|
Araliaceae | Eleutherococcus giraldii (Harms) T.Nakai , | L | 五爪菜 | Wu Zhua Cai |
si:zana, sɨriana
|
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus Oliv. | L | 五爪菜 | Wu Zhua Cai |
si:zana, sɨriana
| |
Aralia chinensis L. | L | 木兰头 | Mu Ian Tou |
liæ(n)mə, liәmu
| |
Asteraceae | Artemisia subdigitata Mattf.* | L | 牛尾蒿 | Niu Wei Hao |
k(h)ɨeba, k(h)aba
|
Ixeris chinensis Nakai. | L, R | 苦麻菜 | Ku Ma Cai |
kuga, kuhua
| |
Prenanthes macrophylla Franch.* | L | 山尖子 | Shan Jian Zi |
pahu:, paɣu:
| |
Saussurea sp. | L | 筒筒菜 | Tong Tong Cai | ||
Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord.** | R | 毛鞋 | Mao Hai |
paibɔ, piaba, paibie
| |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | L | 筒筒菜 | Tong Tong Cai |
wu: [mainly], (ng)wu:, muwawu:, muwawu:
| |
Taraxacum cf mongolicum Han.-Mzt | L, R | 蒲公英 | Pu Gong Ying |
aukuɣua, aukəɣa
| |
Athyriaceae | Athyriopsis sp. | L | 白蕨 | Bai Jue | |
Brassicaceae | Brassica campestris L. | L | 油菜 | You Cai |
gu, gɔu
|
Cardamine macrophylla Willd. | L | 湿根菜 | Shi Gen Cai | ||
Thlaspi arvense L. | L | 苦根菜 | Ku Gen Cai | ||
Campanulaceae | Adenophora stricta Miq. | L, R | 泡参 | Pao Shen | |
Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera standishii Carr. | F | 荞皮子 | Qiao Pi Zi |
(k)alaɨala, asa,
, kai/gai, ɕiese(ng)
|
Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. | Fl | 鱼鱼花 | Yu Yu Hua | mudesɨbe, nɨmenu, : | |
Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim. | F | 白蛋 | Bai Dan |
kelu, keɨü, kalɔilɔ, alaɨala
| |
Triosteum himalayanum Wall. | F | - | - | ||
Viburnum betulifolium Batalin | F | - | - | ||
Viburnum glomeratum Maxim. | F | - | - | ||
Cephalotaxaceae | Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) H.L.Li | F | 水柏子 | Shui Bai Zi | |
Cornaceae | Cornus japonica Thunb. | F | 荔枝 | Li Zhi | |
Corylaceae | Corylus sieboldiana Blume | F | 榛子 | Zhen Zi | |
Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Besser | F | 榛子 | Zhen Zi | ||
Corylus ferox Wall. | F | 榛子 | Zhen Zi | ||
Dennstaedtiaceae | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum | L | 阳蕨 | Yang Jue | |
Eleagnaceae | Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. | F | 尖子 | Jian Zi |
hələ, ʂilə
|
Hippophae rhamnoides L. | F | ||||
Fabaceae | Sophora alopecuroides L. | S(SP) | 苦豆 | Ku Dou |
not recorded
|
Helwingiaceae | Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F. | L | 叶里开花 | Ye Li Kai Hua |
susaɕi
|
Juglandaceae | Juglans cathayensis Dode | F, FL | 野核桃 | Ye He Tao |
nina, dienanu, dienane = walnut flɔwers[die = walnut tree]
|
Lamiaceae | Caryopteris divaricata Maxim. | L | - | - |
nina
|
Mentha haplocalyx Briq.* | L | 薄荷 | Bo He |
ɕiucә, ɕiәʐә
| |
Stachys affinis Bunge | R | - | - |
baʐɨ
| |
Lardizabalaceae | Decaisnea fargesii Franch | F | 鬼指头 | Gui Zhi Tou | |
Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. | F | - | - | ||
Liliaceae | Lilium sp. | R | 大花, 百合 | Da Hua, Bai He |
ɕiebu
|
Malvaceae | Malva verticillata L. | L | 锦葵 | Jin Kui |
(ng)nagu, nɨnagu, ɨamuda
|
Meliaceae | Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem. | L | 香椿 | Xiang Chun | |
Moraceae | Morus australis Poir. | F | 野桑子,野桑葚, | Ye Sang Zi, Ye Sang Shen |
dusɨbielu, anaʐɨna
|
Onocleaceae | Matteucia intermedia C.Chr. | L | 白蕨 | Bai Jue | |
Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. | L | 白蕨 | Bai Jue | ||
Pinaceae | Pinus armandii Franch. | S | 黄松, 苏木头 | Huang Song, Su Mu Tou |
tɔm(u)gu, tɔm(u)gə tɔr(ə), tɔʐɨ
|
Plantaginaceae | Plantago depressa Willd.* | L | 车前 | Che Qian |
samɔdɔdeɕi, sɨmatutaɕie
|
Polygonaceae | Persicaria alata (Buch.-Ham.) Nakai* | L | 鬼荞 | Gui Qiao |
lianmen
|
Ranunculaceae | Caltha palustris L. | L | 黄花菜 | Huang Hua Cai |
abububa
|
Rhamnaceae | Berchemia sinica C.K.Schneid. | F | 提格儿 | Ti Ge Er |
saü, sawi, saɨu
|
Rhamnus rosthornii E.Pritz. ex Diels | F | - | - | ||
Rosaceae | Crataegus wilsonii Sarg. | F | 面梨 | Mian Li |
da:da:
|
Crataegus kansuensis E.H.Wilson | F | 面梨 | Mian Li |
da:da:
| |
Fragaria pentaphylla Losinsk. | F | 瓢子 | Piaozi |
ɕü
| |
Maddenia hypoleuca Koehne | F | - | - |
ɕiana
| |
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. | F | 山定子 | Shan Ding Zi |
sәmәnia
| |
Neillia sinensis Oliv. | L | 茶格 | Cha Ge |
mahadәʐә, wahadәʐә, wahadәr, mahuɔtu
| |
Prunus davidiana Franch. | F | 野毛桃 | Ye Mao Tao |
ti:, ting, kuaʐә, kuebu, kuɔʐuɔ, kuumɔ
| |
Prunus salicina Lindl | F | 苦李子, 野李子 | Ku Li Zi, Ye Li Zi | ||
Prunus tomentosa Thunb. | F | - | - |
nesɨ
| |
Pyrus xerophila T.T.Yu | F | 野酸梨 | Ye Suan Li |
ɕieʐɨ, ɕiedɔ,
ɕiɔ:, ɕialә(ng)
| |
Rosa brunonii Lindl. | F | 刺格 | Ci Ge | ||
Rubus amabilis Focke | F | 红帽子 | Hong Mao Zi |
ʐәna, ʐɨna,
ʐɨna mɨngʐɨ, ʐɨna ɕiʐu
| |
Rubus mesogaeus Focke | F | 黑帽子 | Hei Mao Zi |
ʐәna, ʐɨna
| |
Rubus thibetanus Franch | F | 黑帽子 | Hei Mao Zi |
ʐәna, ʐɨna,
duheni, ɕiehele, wunihebie
| |
Rubus xanthocarpus Bureau & Franch. | F | 黄帽子 | Huang Mao Zi |
diuhɨn, diuheni,
| |
Sorbus xanthoneura Rehder | F | 黄脉花楸 | Huang Mai Hua Qiu |
duɔsi(ɕieduɔ),
| |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. | L, F | 椒芽, 花椒 | Jiao Ya, Hua Jiao |
ɨime
|
Salicaceae | Populus davidiana Dode | FL | 杨树花 | Yang Shu Hua |
-
|
Salix spp. | FL | 柳花 | Liu Hua |
ɨanilɔ
| |
Santalaceae | Buckleya henryi Diels | F | - | ||
Saxifragaceae | Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin** | R | 鬼灯擎 | Gui Deng Qing |
hamahaʐɨ
|
Schisandraceae | Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E.H.Wilson | F | 五味子 | Wu Wei Zi |
wi:, wәi
|
Staphyleaceae | Staphylea holocarpa Hemsl. | L | 亮子尖 | Liang Zi Jian |
zәmәduɕiә,
ɕiegie,
|
Thelypteridaceae | Pseudocyclosorus subochthoides (Ching) Ching | L | 白蕨 | Bai Jue | |
Urticaceae | Urtica fissa E.Pritz. ex Diels* | L | 荨麻 | Qian Ma |
sana [mainly],
[rarely]
|
Vitaceae | Vitis piasezkii Maxim. | F | 野葡萄 | Ye Pu Tao |
Species | Local Chinese name | Local Chinese name (pinyin) | Local Tibetan name (pronunciation according to IPA) |
---|---|---|---|
Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilát | 猪苓花 | Zhu Ling Hua | |
Morchella spp. (mainly M. angusticeps Peck) | 羊肚菌 | Yang Du Jun |
hәmәʂә,
|
Auricularia spp. (mainly A. auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél.) | 野木耳 | Ye Mu Er |
ainɔu
|
“a red capped mushroom” | 红蘑菇 | Hong Mo Gu |
hәmә, hәmәhә
|