Background
Methods
Instrumentation
Sample and procedure
Data processing and analysis
Results
Participant demographics
Variables | Items |
N (%) |
---|---|---|
Years of experience in SSa
| <9 months | 18 (4.6 %) |
9-18 months | 28 (7.2 %) | |
19-42 months | 59 (15.2 %) | |
43-66 months | 43 (11.1 %) | |
>66 months | 240 (61.9 %) | |
Work days per week | <5 days | 31 (8.0 %) |
5 days | 308 (79.4 %) | |
>5 days | 49 (12.6 %) | |
Hours per day - | ≤20 h | 249 (64.2 %) |
Administrative work | 21-30 h | 7 (1.8 %) |
31-40 h | 53 (13.7 %) | |
41-50 h | 79 (20.4 %) | |
Hours per day - | ≤20 h | 104 (26.8 %) |
Direct contact with students | 21-30 h | 12 (3.1 %) |
31-40 h | 119 (30.7 %) | |
41-50 h | 153 (39.4 %) | |
Break between lessons | Yes | 128 (33.0 %) |
No | 260 (67.0 %) | |
Nap habit | Yes | 167 (43.0 %) |
No | 221 (57.0 %) | |
Exercise habit | Yes | 200 (51.5 %) |
No | 188 (48.5 %) | |
Type of special school | Public | 388 (100 %) |
Subsidized | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Private | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Age range of student served | Kindergarten | 15 (4.1 %) |
Elementary school | 42 (11.4 %) | |
Secondary school | 50 (13.6 %) | |
Vocational School | 192 (52.0 %) | |
Dormitory | 41 (11.1 %) | |
Others | 3 (0.8 %) | |
More than one segment | 26 (7.0 %) | |
Diagnosis of students | Physical disabilities | 320 (85.6 %) |
Multiple disabilities | 326 (87.2 %) | |
Chromosomal abnormalities | 134 (35.8 %) | |
Hearing disabilities | 120 (32.1 %) | |
ASDb
| 314 (84.0 %) | |
Rare disorder | 143 (38.2 %) | |
Intellectual disability | 287 (76.7 %) | |
Visual disabilities | 111 (29.7 %) | |
Others | 22 (5.9 %) | |
Teaching partners in the same class | Yes | 118 (30.4 %) |
No | 270 (69.6 %) | |
Supportive device usage | upper extremity - Yes | 64 (19.1 %) |
- No | 94 (28.1 %) | |
lower extremity - Yes | 34 (8.8 %) | |
- No | 124 (32.0 %) | |
Low back - Yes | 121 (35.5 %) | |
- No | 37 (10.9 %) |
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder information
Prevalence
Variables |
N (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower back | Shoulder | Wrist | Total count | |
Regional WMSDs occurrence (regional occurrence/388) | 267 (68.8 %) | 246 (63.4 %) | 220 (56.7 %) | |
Severity (pain) | ||||
No pain | 121 (31.2 %) | 142 (36.6 %) | 168 (43.3 %) | |
Mild pain | 88 (22.7 %) | 100 (25.8 %) | 118 (30.4 %) | |
Moderate pain | 119 (30.7 %) | 113 (29.1 %) | 65 (16.8 %) | |
Severe pain | 57 (14.7 %) | 29 (7.5 %) | 37 (9.5 %) | |
Unbearable pain | 3 (0.8 %) | 4 (1.0 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Duration since onset | ||||
1 m to 3 m | 69 (17.8 %) | 53 (13.7 %) | 85 (21.9 %) | |
3 m to 5 m | 35 (9.0 %) | 24 (6.2 %) | 33 (8.5 %) | |
0.5 y to 1 y | 45 (11.6 %) | 30 (7.7 %) | 46 (11.9 %) | |
>1 year | 72 (18.6 %) | 76 (19.6 %) | 79 (20.4 %) | |
No symptoms | 137 (35.3 %) | 139 (35.8 %) | 117 (30.2 %) | |
Missing Data | 30 (7.7 %) | 66 (17.0 %) | 28 (7.2 %) | |
Duration of symptoms | ||||
>1 month | 61 (15.7 %) | 53 (13.7 %) | 53 (13.7 %) | |
>3 months | 27 (7.0 %) | 24 (6.2 %) | 18 (4.6 %) | |
>6 months | 18 (4.6 %) | 30 (7.7 %) | 23 (5.9 %) | |
>1 year | 95 (24.5 %) | 76 (19.6 %) | 64 (16.5 %) | |
No symptoms | 119 (30.7 %) | 139 (35.8 %) | 165 (42.5 %) | |
Missing data | 68 (17.5) | 66 (17.0 %) | 65 (16.8 %) | |
Frequency of occurrence | ||||
Almost everyday | 112 (28.9 %) | 98 (25.3 %) | 84 (21.6 %) | |
About once a week | 55 (14.2 %) | 52 (13.4 %) | 43 (11.1 %) | |
About twice a week | 29 (7.5 %) | 28 (7.2 %) | 24 (6.2 %) | |
About once a month | 27 (7.0 %) | 23 (5.9 %) | 24 (6.2 %) | |
No symptoms | 122 (31.4 %) | 138 (35.6 %) | 167 (43.0 %) | |
Missing data | 42 (10.8 %) | 49 (12.6 %) | 46 (11.9 %) | |
Causing sick leaves -Yes | 60 (17.4 %) | |||
-No | 285 (82.6 %) | |||
Considering job change-Yes | 113 (33.4 %) | |||
-No | 225 (66.6 %) | |||
Affecting work performance | ||||
Not affecting | 78 (20.1 %) | |||
Mildly affecting | 177 (45.6 %) | |||
Moderately affecting | 110 (28.4 %) | |||
Severely affecting | 19 (4.9 %) | |||
Unable to work | 4 (1.0 %) | |||
Participating related continue education courses-Yes | 216 (60.3 %) | |||
-No | 142 (39.7 %) |
Ergonomic factors-related information
Regression analysis for WMSDs prevalence
Factors | B | SE | Wald | df | Significance | ORa
| 95 % CIb for Exp (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||||
Years of experience-over 66 months | 1.409 | .565 | 6.205 | 1 | .013* | 4.090 | 1.350 | 12.390 |
Nap habit-yes | −8.163E-01 | .334 | 5.959 | 1 | .015* | .442 | .230 | .851 |
Diagnosis of students-multiple disorders | .881 | .400 | 4.836 | 1 | .028* | 2.412 | 1.100 | 5.287 |
Teaching partners in the same class-yes | −7.206E-01 | .339 | 4.521 | 1 | .033* | .486 | .250 | .945 |
Diaper changing-no | -.014 | .005 | 6.985 | 1 | .008** | .986 | .976 | .996 |
Assist feeding-no | -.014 | .005 | 6.854 | 1 | .009** | .986 | .976 | .997 |
Assist toileting-no | -.013 | .005 | 6.499 | 1 | .011** | .987 | .976 | .997 |
Assist grooming-no | -.013 | .005 | 6.514 | 1 | .011** | .987 | .976 | .997 |
Assist transferring-no | -.013 | .005 | 6.508 | 1 | .011** | .987 | .976 | .997 |
Assist rehabilitation-no | -.013 | .005 | 6.426 | 1 | .011** | .987 | .977 | .997 |
Assist getting in/out vehicle-no | -.012 | .005 | 5.558 | 1 | .018** | .988 | .978 | .998 |