Background
Methods
Study population
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics
Characteristic | DM cases (%) | Non-DM cases (%) | P value (chi-square test) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 64(71.1) | 96(61.5) | 0.129 |
Female | 26(28.9) | 60(38.5) | |
Age (year) (mean ± SD) | 56.5 ± 10.9 | 52.9 ± 15.6 | 0.039a |
Underlying conditions | |||
Gallbladder diseases | 42(53.3) | 81(51.9) | 0.427 |
Hypertension | 24(26.7) | 17(10.9) | 0.001 |
Gastrointestinal surgery | 3(3.3) | 20(12.8) | 0.025 |
Liver surgery | 1(1.1) | 14(9.0) | 0.013 |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | 3(3.3) | 4(2.6) | 1.000 |
Symptoms | |||
Fever | 80(88.9) | 138(88.5) | 0.919 |
Chills | 58(64.4) | 93(59.6) | 0.454 |
Abdominal pain | 48(53.3) | 90(57.7) | 0.507 |
Frailty | 33(36.7) | 57(36.5) | 0.984 |
Nausea or Vomiting | 10(11.1) | 23(14.7) | 0.421 |
Cough | 13(14.4) | 17(10.9) | 0.413 |
Weight loss | 18(20.0) | 13(8.3) | 0.008 |
Underlying diseases
Clinical features
Laboratory examination
Characteristic | DM cases (%) | Non-DM cases (%) | P value (chi-square test) |
---|---|---|---|
Laboratory findings | |||
WBC > 9.5 (× 10^9/L) | 64/90(71.1) | 96/156(61.5) | 0.129 |
WBC < 3.5 (× 10^9/L) | 1/90(1.1) | 4/156(2.6) | 0.397a |
NEUT> 75% | 62/90(68.9) | 101/156(64.7) | 0.508 |
Anaemiab | 71/90(78.9) | 113/156(72.4) | 0.262 |
PLT > 350(× 10^9/L) | 28/90(31.1) | 59/156(37.8) | 0.289 |
PLT < 125(× 10^9/L) | 12/90(13.3) | 23/156(14.7) | 0.760 |
↑ESR(mm/1 h) | 27/27(100) | 32/32(100) | 1.000 |
CRP > 5(mg/L) | 81/83(97.6) | 131/137(95.6) | 0.449 |
PCT > 0.05(ng/ml) | 66/66(100) | 90/92(97.8) | 0.510a |
T.Bil > 20.5(μmol/L) | 29/89(32.6) | 39/155(25.2) | 0.468 |
ALT> 50(U/L) | 32/90(35.6) | 54/155(34.8) | 0.910 |
AST > 40(U/L) | 27/90(30.0) | 57/154(37.0) | 0.266 |
ALP > 125(μmol/L) | 25/34(73.5) | 32/65(49.2) | 0.020 |
GGT > 60(U/L) | 31/34(91.2) | 30/65(46.2) | 0.001 |
ALB< 40(g/L) | 87/90(96.7) | 142/155(91.6) | 0.123 |
Abscess location | |||
Right lobe | 63/90(70.0) | 108/156(69.2) | 0.232 |
Left lobe | 16/90(17.8) | 29/156(18.6) | |
Both lobes | 9/90(10.0) | 19/156(12.2) | |
Caudate lobe | 2/90(2.2) | 0(0) | |
Abscess size (cm) | |||
< 5 | 21/90(23.3) | 37/156(23.7) | 0.907 |
5–10 | 49/90(54.5) | 88/156(56.4) | |
> 10 | 20/90(22.2) | 31/156(19.9) | |
Count of abscess | |||
Single | 75/90(83.3) | 110/156(70.5) | 0.025 |
Multiple | 15/90(16.7) | 46/156(29.5) |
Imaging
Aetiology
Characteristic | Blood culture | Pus culture | Strains | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM (n = 50) | Non-DM (n = 68) | P value (chi-square) | DM (n = 46) | Non-DM (n = 75) | P value (chi-square) | ||
Positive growth | 18 | 11 | 0.013 | 28 | 43 | 0.701 | – |
Polymicrobial growth | 1 | 1 | 1.000 | 1 | 2 | 1.000 | – |
Gram-positive aerobes | 10 (9.5) | ||||||
Staphylococcus | 2 | 0 | 0.177a | 1 | 2 | 1.000 | 5(4.7) |
Streptococcus | 1 | 0 | 0.424a | 0 | 2 | 0.525a | 3 (2.9) |
Enterococcus | 0 | 2 | 0.507a | 0 | 0 | – | 2 (1.9) |
Gram-negative organisms | 95 (90.5) | ||||||
Klebsiella pneumonia | 13 | 1 | 0.001 | 23 | 25 | 0.069 | 62 (59.0) |
Escherichia coli | 2 | 7 | 0.357 | 1 | 12 | 0.037 | 22 (21.0) |
Pseudomonas | 0 | 1 | 1.000a | 0 | 1 | 1.000a | 2 (1.9) |
Aeroenterobacter | 0 | 0 | – | 2 | 1 | 0.665 | 3(2.9) |
Burkholderia cepacia | 1 | 0 | 0.424a | 1 | 0 | 0.380a | 2 (1.9) |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 | 0 | – | 1 | 0 | 0.380a | 1(0.95) |
Enterobacter cloacae | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 1 | 1.000a | 1(0.95) |
Bacillus citrate | 0 | 1 | 1.000a | 0 | 0 | – | 1(0.95) |
Shewanella putrefaciens | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 1 | 1.000a | 1(0.95) |
Treatments and outcomes
Characteristic | DM cases (%) | Non-DM cases (%) | P value (chi-square test) |
---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic option | |||
Combined | 78(86.7) | 117(75.0) | 0.009 |
Single | 9(0.1) | 37(23.7) | |
Antibiotic drugs | |||
The third generation of cephalosporin | 63(70.0) | 104(66.7) | 0.590 |
Fluoroquinolone | 33(36.7) | 39(25.0) | 0.053 |
Carbapenems | 33(36.7) | 31(19.9) | 0.004 |
Metronidazole | 43(47.8) | 66(42.3) | 0.405 |
Method of abscess drainage | |||
Percutaneous drainage | 51(56.7) | 83(53.2) | 0.599 |
Surgical drainage | 7(7.8) | 15(9.6) | 0.627 |
Clinical outcomes | |||
Cured | 85(94.4) | 152(97.4) | 0.395 |
Death | 1(1.1) | 2(1.3) | 1 |
Characteristic | Good control of glycaemia (n = 27)(%) | Poor control of glycaemia (n = 63)(%) | P value (chi-square test) |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 20 (74.1) | 44 (69.4) | 0.685 |
Age (year) (mean ± SD) | 57.2 ± 2.0 | 56.1 ± 1.4 | 0.681 |
Underlying conditions | |||
Gallbladder diseases | 15 (55.6) | 27 (42.9) | 0.268 |
Hypertension | 7 (25.9) | 17 (26.9) | 0.917 |
Abdominal surgery | 2 (7.4) | 1 (1.6) | 0.159 |
Liver surgery | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.510 |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | 1 (3.7) | 2 (3.2) | 0.909 |
Symptoms | |||
Fever | 21 (77.8) | 59 (93.7) | 0.028 |
Chills | 14 (51.9) | 44 (69.8) | 0.102 |
Abdominal pain | 14 (51.9) | 34 (54.0) | 0.854 |
Weight loss | 5 (18.5) | 13 (20.6) | 0.818 |
Laboratory findings | |||
WBC > 9.5 (×10^9/L) | 18/27 (66.7) | 46/63 (73.0) | 0.543 |
NEUT> 75% | 16/27 (59.3) | 46/63 (73.0) | 0.196 |
Anaemiab | 22/27 (81.5) | 49/63 (77.8) | 0.693 |
PLT > 350(×10^9/L) | 3/27 (11.1) | 9/63 (14.3) | 0.946 |
PLT < 125(×10^9/L) | 11/27 (40.7) | 17/63 (27.0) | 0.196 |
↑ESR(mm/1 h) | 7/7 (100) | 20/20 (100) | 1.000 |
CRP > 5(mg/L) | 25/25 (100) | 56/58 (96.6) | 1.000a |
PCT > 0.05(ng/ml) | 20/20 (100) | 46/46 (100) | 1.000 |
T.Bil > 20.5(μmol/L) | 11/27 (40.7) | 18/62 (29.0) | 0.279 |
ALT> 50(U/L) | 11/27 (40.7) | 21/63 (33.3) | 0.501 |
AST > 40(U/L) | 9/27 (33.3) | 18/63 (28.6) | 0.919 |
ALP > 125(μmol/L) | 6/10 (60) | 19/24 (79.2) | 0.467 |
GGT > 60(U/L) | 9/10 (90) | 22/24 (91.7) | 1.000a |
ALB< 40(g/L) | 26/27 (96.3) | 61/63 (96.8) | 1.000a |
Abscess locations | |||
Right lobe | 25 (92.6%) | 38 (60.3%) | 0.010 |
Left lobe | 1 (3.7%) | 15 (23.8%) | |
Both lobes | 0 (0) | 9 (14.3%) | |
Caudate lobe | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (1.6%) | |
Abscess size (cm) | |||
< 5 | 4 (14.8) | 16 (25.4) | 0.526 |
5–10 | 16 (59.3) | 34 (54.0) | |
> 10 | 7 (25.9) | 13 (20.6) | |
Multiple abscesses | 4 (14.8) | 11 (17.5) | 0.758 |
K. Pneumonia infections | 6/18 (33.3) | 25/50 (50) | 0.223 |
E.coli infections | 1/18 (5.6) | 2/50 (4) | 1.000a |
Treatment | |||
Percutaneous drainage | 15 (55.6) | 36 (57.1) | 0.889 |
Surgical drainage | 2 (7.4) | 5 (7.9) | 0.932 |
Antibiotics only | 10 (37.0) | 22 (35.0) | 0.848 |
Clinical outcomes | |||
Cured | 27 (100) | 58 (92.1) | 0.132 |
Death | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 1.000a |
Hospitalization days | 22.3 ± 2.3 | 19.4 ± 1.3 | 0.252 |