Background
Methods
Study design
Ethical approval
Participants and recruitment
Outcomes
Sample size
Data analysis and representation
Results
Outcome |
n= (%) in relation to all participants
|
---|---|
Category |
n= (%) for each category of outcome
|
All
|
425 (100.0)
|
Age in years
|
425 (100.0)
|
-≤ 54 | 57 (13.4) |
-55-64 | 185 (43.5) |
-65-74 | 142 (33.4) |
-≥75 | 41 (9.7) |
Gender
|
424 (99.8)
|
-Female | 290 (68.4) |
-Male | 134 (31.6) |
BMI
|
413 (97.2)
|
-Healthy - <23 kg/m2
| 85 (20.0) |
-Overweight - 23-27.4 kg/m2
| 191 (44.9) |
-Obesity - ≥ 27.5 kg/m2
| 137 (32.2) |
Ethnicity
|
425 (100.0)
|
-Chinese | 333 (78.35) |
-Indian | 43 (10.12) |
-Malay | 42 (9.88) |
-Others | 7 (1.65) |
Employment status
|
419 (98.6)
|
-Employed | 236 (56.3) |
-Unemployed | 19 (4.5) |
-Homemaker | 48 (11.5) |
-Retired | 116 (27.7) |
Education level
|
425 (100)
|
-Informal | 16 (3.8) |
-Primary | 64 (15.1) |
-Secondary | 214 (50.4) |
-Diploma | 64 (15.1) |
-University | 51 (12.0) |
-Others | 16 (3.8) |
Presence of symptomatic osteoarthritis in:
|
424 (99.8)
|
-Left knee | 89 (21.0) |
-Right knee | 154 (36.3) |
-Both knees | 181 (42.6) |
Correlates of raw (0-10) UCLA activity score to self-reported function, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and quality of life
Categorization of UCLA activity score
Correlates of categorized UCLA activity score to self-reported function, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and quality of life
UCLA activity categorizationa
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Inactive | Low | Moderate | High | Very High |
P value |
KOOS-12 | 58.92 ± 15.45 | 62.89 ± 15.63 | 69.11 ± 16.22 | 67.32 ± 14.59 | 74.17 ± 7.60 | 0.001 |
ASES-8 | 6.22 ± 1.68 | 6.72 ± 1.77 | 7.08 ± 1.96 | 8.05 ± 1.21 | 7.21 ± 1.90 | 0.103 |
EQ-5D-5L | 0.49 ± 0.43 | 0.64 ± 0.30 | 0.74 ± 0.25 | 0.68 ± 0.37 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
BFOM | 16.39 ± 4.36 | 14.62 ± 4.10 | 13.21 ± 3.94 | 13.78 ± 2.22 | 12.00 ± 5.00 | 0.010 |
Regression analyses and cross tabulation
Determinant | Inactive or low physical activity level, n (%) | Bi-variable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI |
P value
| Adj. OR | 95% CI |
P value
| ||
Age in years
| |||||||
≤ 54 | 41 (71.93) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
55-64 | 139 (75.54) | 0.74 | 0.40 to 1.37 | 0.335 | - | - | - |
65-74 | 97 (68.31) | 1.17 | 0.63 to 2.19 | 0.623 | - | - | - |
≥75 | 34 (82.93) | 0.40 | 0.17 to 0.93 | 0.033 | 0.29 | 0.14 to 0.60 | 0.001 |
Gender
| |||||||
Male | 83 (61.94) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Female | 227 (78.55) | 0.44 | 0.29 to 0.67 | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.29 to 0.73 | 0.001 |
BMI
| |||||||
Healthy - <23 kg/m2
| 58 (70.73) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Overweight - 23-27.4 kg/m2
| 128 (67.72) | 1.29 | 0.77 to 2.18 | 0.333 | - | - | - |
Obesity - ≥ 27.5 kg/m2
| 112 (82.96) | 0.50 | 0.28 to 0.88 | 0.016 | 0.47 | 0.30 to 0.74 | 0.001 |
Ethnicity
| |||||||
Chinese | 237 (71.39) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Malay | 36 (85.71) | 0.37 | 0.19 to 0.72 | 0.004 | 0.44 | 0.22 to 0.88 | 0.021 |
Indian | 33 (76.74) | 0.92 | 0.49 to 1.70 | 0.778 | - | - | - |
Others | 5 (71.43) | 0.96 | 0.20 to 4.70 | 0.961 | - | - | - |
Employment status
| |||||||
Employed | 177 (75.32) | Ref | - | - | - | - | - |
Unemployed | 12 (63.16) | 1.06 | 0.40 to 2.84 | 0.909 | - | - | - |
Homemaker | 39 (81.25) | 0.80 | 0.43 to 1.47 | 0.469 | - | - | - |
Retired | 80 (68.97) | 1.10 | 0.70 to 1.72 | 0.689 | - | - | - |
Education level
| |||||||
Informal | 12 (75.00) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Primary | 51 (79.69) | 1.06 | 0.34 to 3.33 | 0.918 | - | - | - |
Secondary | 164 (77.00) | 1.11 | 0.38 to 3.23 | 0.841 | - | - | - |
Diploma | 41 (64.06) | 2.59 | 0.83 to 8.09 | 0.101 | 1.85 | 1.05 to 3.27 | 0.032 |
University | 30 (58.82) | 3.13 | 0.99 to 9.96 | 0.053 | 2.26 | 1.23 to 4.15 | 0.011 |
Others | 13 (81.25) | 1.37 | 0.33 to 5.79 | 0.665 | - | - | - |
Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD
| 311 (73.35) | 0.92 | 0.58 to 1.45 | 0.709 | - | - | - |
KOOS-12
| |||||||
1 Quartile (<54.17) | 81 (81.82) | Ref | - | - | - | - | - |
2 Quartile (54.17-64.57) | 75 (76.53) | 1.19 | 0.67, 2.12 | 0.482 | - | - | - |
3 Quartile (64.58-74.99) | 83 (76.15) | 1.33 | 0.76, 2.32 | 0.269 | - | - | - |
4 Quartile (>75) | 72 (61.02) | 2.65 | 1.54, 4.56 | <0.001 | 1.98 | 1.26 to 3.13 | 0.003 |