Background
Methods
Study population
Observers
Study design
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 Stand-bys | Total | p-values (global test of all 5 groups)* | Validation groups (Groups 1, 2 and 3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
48
|
192
|
108
| |
Age: mean (± SD)
| 68.8 (1.4) | 68.7 (1.5) | 68.5 (1.5) | 68.3 (1.5) | 68.7 (2.4) | 68.6 (1.7) |
0.619
| 68.7 (1.5) |
Sex: N (%)
|
0.530
| |||||||
M
| 15 (41.7%) | 20 (55.6%) | 15 (41.7%) | 19 (52.8%) | 27 (56.3%) | 96 (50%) | 50 (46.3%) | |
F
| 21 (58.3%) | 16 (44.4%) | 21 (58.3%) | 17 (47.2%) | 21 (43.7%) | 96 (50%) | 58 (53.7%) | |
BMI: mean (± SD)
| 28.5 (4.3) | 29.2 (4.7) | 29.2 (4.0) | 29.0 (5.2) | 29.3 (4.9) | 29.1 (4.6) |
0.956
| 29.0 (4.3) |
< 25: N (%)
| 5 (13.9%) | 7 (19.4%) | 2 (5.6%) | 5 (13.9%) | 11 (22.9%) | 30 (15.6%) |
0.455
| 14 (13.0%) |
25 – < 30: N (%)
| 19 (52.8%) | 16 (44.4%) | 19 (52.8%) | 18 (50.0%) | 16 (33.3%) | 88 (45.8%) | 54 (50.0%) | |
>= 30: N (%)
| 12 (33.3%) | 13 (36.1%) | 15 (41.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | 21 (43.8%) | 74 (38.5%) | 40 (37.0%) | |
WHR: mean (± SD)
| 0.91 (0.09) | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.91 (0.08) | 0.95 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.92 (0.09) |
0.408
| 0.92 (0.09) |
M
| 0.97 (0.05) | 1.0 (0.04) | 0.99 (0.07) | 1.0 (0.06) | 0.97 (0.07) | 0.99 (0.05) | ||
F
| 0.86 (0.09) | 0.84 (0.05) | 0.86 (0.05) | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.86 (0.06) | ||
Smoker status: N (%)
| ||||||||
Active smoker
| 3 (8.3%) | 3 (8.3%) | 4 (11.1%) | 7 (19.4%) | 6 (12.5%) | 23 (12.0%) |
0.538
| 10 (9.3%) |
Former smoker
| 17 (47.2%) | 17 (47.2%) | 10 (27.8%) | 11 (30.6%) | 19 (39.6%) | 74 (38.5%) | 44.(40.7%) | |
Non-smoker
| 16 (44.4%) | 16 (44.4%) | 22 (61.1%) | 18 (50.0%) | 23 (47.9%) | 95 (49.5%) | 54 (50.0%) | |
Hypertension: N (%)
| ||||||||
Yes
| 20 (57.1%) | 20 (57.1%) | 21 (60.0%) | 20 (55.6%) | 34 (70.8%) | 115 (60.8%) |
0.571
| 61 (58.1%) |
No
| 15 (42.9%) | 15 (42.9%) | 14 (40.0%) | 16 (44.4%) | 14 (29.2%) | 74 (39.2%) | 44 (41.9%) | |
Missing
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
Hypercholesterolemia:
N (%)
| ||||||||
Yes
| 18 (52.9%) | 16 (45.7%) | 23 (65.7%) | 16 (55.2%) | 21 (48.8%) | 94 (53.4%) |
0.501
| 57 (54.8%) |
No
| 16 (47.1%) | 19 (54.3%) | 12 (34.3%) | 13 (44.8%) | 22 (51.2%) | 82 (46.6%) | 47 (45.2%) | |
Missing
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 16 | 4 | |
Diabetes: N (%)
| ||||||||
Yes
| 4 (11.1%) | 7 (19.4%) | 6 (16.7%) | 5 (13.9%) | 11 (22.9%) | 33 (17.2%) |
0.673
| 17 (15.7%) |
No
| 32 (88.9%) | 29 (80.6%) | 30 (83.3%) | 31 (86.1%) | 37 (77.1%) | 159 (82.8%) | 91 (84.3%) | |
Vascular-widening procedures (n): N (%)
| ||||||||
Yes
| 0 (0%) | 1 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (6.5%) | 6 (3.2%) |
0.359
| 1 (0.9%) |
No
| 36 (100%) | 35 (97.2%) | 36 (100%) | 34 (94.4%) | 43 (93.5%) | 184 (96.8%) | 107 (99.1%) | |
Missing
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Gp1
|
Gp2
|
Gp3
|
Gp4
|
Gp5
|
Gp6
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AN1
| Pat01 – MA1
| Pat02 – MA2
| Pat03 – MA3
| Pat04 – MA4
| Pat05 – MA5
| Pat06 – MA6
|
An2
| Pat07 – MA2
| Pat08 – MA3
| Pat09 – MA4
| Pat10 – MA5
| Pat11 – MA6
| Pat12 – MA1
|
An3
| Pat13 – MA3
| Pat14 – MA4
| Pat15 – MA5
| Pat16 – MA6
| Pat17 – MA1
| Pat18 – MA2
|
An4
| Pat19 – MA4
| Pat20 – MA5
| Pat21 – MA6
| Pat22 – MA1
| Pat23 – MA2
| Pat24 – MA3
|
An5
| Pat25 – MA5
| Pat26 – MA6
| Pat27 – MA1
| Pat28 – MA2
| Pat29 – MA3
| Pat30 – MA4
|
An6
| Pat31 – MA6
| Pat32 – MA1
| Pat33 – MA2
| Pat34 – MA3
| Pat35 – MA4
| Pat36 – MA5
|
Outcome measures
Doppler measurements and ABI determination
Sample size
Statistical analysis
Results
Subject characteristics
ABI measurements
Gr1 | Gr2 | Gr3 | Gr4 | Gr5 | Total | p-value | Gr1-Gr3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABI
| ||||||||
- N
| 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 45 | 189 | 108 | |
- Mean
| 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 0.055 | 1.10 |
- SD
| 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.10 | |
- Min
| 0.94 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 0.6 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.74 | |
- Max
| 1.35 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.37 | 1.37 | |
- Missing
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ABI
| ||||||||
< 0.90
| 0 (0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (13.9%) | 8 (17.8%) | 15 (7.9%) | 0.003 | 2 (1.9%) |
>= 0.90
| 36 (100%) | 34 (94.4%) | 36 (100%) | 31 (86.1%) | 37 (82.2%) | 174 (92.1%) | 106 (98.2%) | |
Missing
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Brachial SBP | Group 1–3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Total | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| 108 | 36 | 45 | 189 | |
Mean
|
148
|
148
|
159
|
150
|
0.004
|
SD
| 17.0 | 18.1 | 26.8 | 20.4 | |
Median
| 147 | 145 | 158 | 148 | |
25
th
percentile
| 133 | 136 | 138 | 134 | |
75
th
percentile
| 158 | 155 | 178 | 161 | |
Min
| 112 | 113 | 110 | 110 | |
Max
| 193 | 199 | 215 | 215 | |
Missing
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |