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Current Psychiatry Reports

Erschienen in:

01.01.2019 | Sleep Disorders (P Gehrman, Section Editor)

A Review of the Relationship Between Emotional Learning and Memory, Sleep, and PTSD

verfasst von: Peter J. Colvonen, Laura D. Straus, Dean Acheson, Philip Gehrman

Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The emotional memory and learning model of PTSD posits maladaptive fear conditioning, extinction learning, extinction recall, and safety learning as central mechanisms to PTSD. There is increasingly convincing support that sleep disturbance plays a mechanistic role in these processes. The current review consolidates the evidence on the relationships between emotional memory and learning, disturbed sleep, and PTSD acquisition, maintenance, and treatment.

Recent Findings

While disrupted sleep prior to trauma predicts PTSD onset, maladaptive fear acquisition does not seem to be the mechanism through which PTSD is acquired. Rather, poor extinction learning/recall and safety learning seem to better account for who maintains acute stress responses from trauma versus who naturally recovers; there is convincing evidence that this process is, at least in part, mediated by REM fragmentation. Individuals with PTSD had higher “fear load” during extinction, worse extinction learning, poorer extinction recall, and worse safety learning. Evidence suggests that these processes are also mediated by fragmented REM. Finally, PTSD treatments that require extinction and safety learning may also be affected by REM fragmentation.

Summary

Addressing fragmented sleep or sleep architecture could be used to increase emotional memory and learning processes and thus ameliorate responses to trauma exposure, reduce PTSD severity, and improve treatment. Future studies should examine relationships between emotional memory and learning and disturbed sleep in clinical PTSD patients.

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Titel: A Review of the Relationship Between Emotional Learning and Memory, Sleep, and PTSD
verfasst von: Peter J. Colvonen
Laura D. Straus
Dean Acheson
Philip Gehrman
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1523-3812
Elektronische ISSN: 1535-1645
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-0987-2

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Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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