Background
Methods
Patients
Clinical examination
US examination
US evaluation
Outcome
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients with IA (n = 31) | Non-IA patients (n = 143) |
p Valuea
| |
---|---|---|---|
Female sex, n (%) | 25 (81) | 119 (83) | 0.731 |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 50 (8) | 44 (12) | 0.005 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 26.8 (4.4) | 27.5 (5.2) | 0.534 |
SJC44, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | – |
TJC44, median (IQR) | 4 (2–9) | 5 (3–8) | 0.828 |
RF-positive, n (%) | 9 (31) | 37 (27) | 0.628 |
ACPA-positive, n (%) | 7 (24) | 19 (14) | 0.161 |
ESR, median (IQR) | 10.5 (5–22) | 10.5 (5–21) | 0.824 |
Morning stiffness, minutes, median (IQR) | 30 (30–60) | 30 (15–60) | 0.515 |
DAS28, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.0) | 0.710 |
US synovitisb, n (%) | 17 (59) | 44 (32) | 0.007 |
PD score > 0, n (%) | 9 (31) | 17 (12) | 0.012 |
US findings
US synovitisa, n (%) | PD-positive, n (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
IA (n = 31) | Non-IA (n = 143) | IA (n = 31) | Non-IA (n = 143) | |
US-positive | 17 (55) | 45 (31) | 9 (29) | 17 (12) |
MCP | 3 (10) | 9 (6) | 1 (3) | 3 (2) |
PIP | 3 (10) | 1 (1) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) |
Wrists | 8 (26) | 35 (24) | 4 (13) | 15 (10) |
MTP | 9 (29) | 11 (8) | 4 (13) | 2 (1) |
Diagnostic value of US
Association of independent variables with development of IA
Univariate model | Multivariate model including US synovitis | Multivariate model including presence of PD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
p Value | OR (95% CI) |
p Value | OR (95% CI) |
p Value | |
Demographics | ||||||
Age, years | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | < 0.001 |
Sex | 0.84 (0.42–1.70) | 0.627 | ||||
BMI | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.438 | ||||
Clinical variables | ||||||
Tender joints, range 0–44 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.676 | ||||
DAS28 | 1.21 (0.92–1.58) | 0.175 | ||||
Morning stiffness > 30 minutes | 2.39 (1.20–4.73) | 0.013 | 2.80 (1.33–5.90) | 0.007 | 3.34 (1.60–6.96) | 0.001 |
Rheumatoid factor-positive | 1.21 (0.65–2.23) | 0.545 | ||||
ACPA-positive | 2.08 (1.07–4.07) | 0.032 | 2.35 (1.13–4.87) | 0.021 | ||
ESR | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.850 | ||||
USa
| ||||||
US-positive | 3.03 (1.69–5.41) | < 0.001 | 2.65 (1.44–4.88) | 0.007 | ||
PD-positive | 3.12 (1.61–6.03) | 0.001 | 3.44 (1.71–6.95) | 0.001 |