Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients
Specimen collection
Analysis of biochemical indices
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Immunohistochemical staining
Ad36 infection
Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
Gene name | Primers | Primer sequences |
---|---|---|
β-actin | Forward | 5’-CCACCATGTACCCAGGCATT-3’ |
Backward | 5’-AGGGTGTAAAACGCAGCTCA-3’ | |
APMI
| Forward | 5’-GGGGACCACAATGGACTCTA-3’ |
Backward | 5’-GGTGTATGGGCTATGGGTAGTT-3’ | |
Visfatin
| Forward | 5’-CGCACTACCTGGCTCAAGA-3’ |
Backward | 5’-CCTTTGTGAAGAGGAGGAGACT-3’ | |
E4orf1
| Forward | 5’-GCATACTAACCCAGTCCGATG-3’ |
Backward | 5’-AATCACTCTCTCCAGCAGCAGG-3’ |
Statistical analyses
Results
Clinical characteristics, biochemical indices, and changes in cytokine expression levels in the obese and non-obese group
Parameters | Non-obese group & | Obese group# | Non-obese group | Obese group | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ad36 (-) subgroup | Ad36 (+) subgroup | Ad36 (-) subgroup | Ad36 (+) subgroup | |||
Case number | 95 | 90 | 57 | 38 | 37 | 53 |
Age | 50 ± 10 | 53 ± 8 | 50 ± 10 | 49 ± 11 | 52 ± 8 | 54 ± 8 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 2.1 | 29.7 ± 3.7* | 22.5 ± 2.3 | 22.3 ± 1.8 | 29.8 ± 3.9 | 29.6 ± 3.6 |
WC (cm) | 84.6 ± 9.8 | 99.8 ± 8.4* | 84.8 ± 10.5 | 84.5 ± 8.9 | 100.0 ± 8.2 | 99.5 ± 8.6 |
HC (cm) | 95.5 ± 5.6 | 108.2 ± 8.0* | 95.6 ± 4.9 | 95.3 ± 6.7 | 107.4 ± 8.2 | 108.9 ± 7.8 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.4 ± 10.6 | 80.9 ± 16.8* | 73.5 ± 11.6 | 73.2 ± 9.1 | 81.2 ± 18.6 | 80.6 ± 15.3 |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.2 ± 16.20 | 124.8 ± 21.2 | 119.2 ± 18.2 | 116.5 ± 12.8 | 125.2 ± 20.9 | 124.5 ± 21.7 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.75 ± 2.09 | 5.82 ± 1.40 | 6.02 ± 2.40 | 5.35 ± 1.47 | 5.98 ± 1.71 | 6.04 ± 2.37 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.00 ± 0.84 | 4.34 ± 0.72* | 3.95 ± 0.85 | 4.09 ± 0.85 | 4.37 ± 0.75 | 4.33 ± 0.69 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.90 | 1.81 ± 0.88* | 1.35 ± 0.96 | 1.51 ± 0.81 | 2.05 ± 1.15 | 1.59 ± 0.47** |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.35 ± 0.60 | 1.28 ± 0.58 | 1.25 ± 0.37 | 1.50 ± 0.81 | 1.28 ± 0.58 | 1.29 ± 0.60 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.28 ± 0.75 | 2.43 ± 0.65 | 2.23 ± 0.86 | 2.34 ± 0.56 | 2.34 ± 0.64 | 2.51 ± 0.65 |
Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 0.59 ± 0.24 | 0.49 ± 0.15* | 0.57 ± 0.24 | 0.62 ± 0.23 | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.16** |
Visfatin (ng/ml) | 1.07 ± 0.39 | 1.23 ± 0.35* | 0.98 ± 0.37 | 1.21 ± 0.40** | 1.11 ± 0.35 | 1.32 ± 0.30** |
The comparison of macrophage infiltration between the obese and non-obese group
Tissues | Non-obese group & | Obese group# | Non-obese group | Obese group | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ad36 (-) subgroup | Ad36 (+) subgroup | Ad36 (-) subgroup | Ad36 (+) subgroup | |||
Subcutaneous adipose tissues | 10867.55 ± 2239.87 | 14294.53± 2235.86* | 10928.35 ± 1817.56 | 12258.06 ± 1025.58 | 10786.50 ± 2772.80 | 14730.16 ± 2227.39** |
Omental adipose tissue | 9316.35 ± 1172.26 | 12982.64 ± 1929.89 | 9332.27 ± 1096.35 | 12914.70 ± 2132.08 | 11723.17 ± 2888.25 | 12685.47 ± 1729.52** |