Introduction
Materials and methods
Participants
Dietary intakes assessment
Assessment of dietary inflammatory index
Assessment of IBS
Assessment of other variables
Statistical methods
Results
Quintiles of DII score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | P-valueb |
DII range | −4.49 to −1.41 | − 0.47 to + 0.44 | + 1.38 to + 5.39 | |
Subjects, n | 672 | 672 | 672 | |
Age, y | 37.7 ± 7.9 | 36.8 ± 7.7 | 34.9 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 25.04 ± 3.7 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Psychological distress | 1.74 ± 2.38 | 1.93 ± 2.65 | 2.43 ± 2.91 | < 0.001 |
Female, % | 61.3 | 57.7 | 52.1 | 0.005 |
Married, % | 81.7 | 83.4 | 79.9 | 0.62 |
Physically active, % | 39.9 | 31.8 | 30.1 | < 0.001 |
Current smokers, % | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.51 |
Disease history, % | 5.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 0.04 |
Regular meal pattern, % | 0.18 | |||
Often or always | 62.8 | 62 | 57.3 | |
Never or occasionally | 37.2 | 38 | 42.7 | |
Chewing sufficiency, % | 0.36 | |||
A lot | 14.3 | 14.2 | 11 | |
Not a lot | 85.7 | 85.8 | 89 | |
Fluid consumption, % | 0.72 | |||
< 3 glasses | 97.2 | 96.1 | 96.5 | |
≥ 3 glasses | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.5 | |
Tooth loss, % | 0.11 | |||
Have all | 32.6 | 30.6 | 37.4 | |
Lost 1–5 teeth | 58.1 | 62.5 | 55.1 | |
Lost >5 teeth | 9.3 | 6.9 | 7.5 |
Quintiles of DII score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | ||
Median DII | −2.05 | −0.02 | + 2.06 | P-trend |
Male | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.35 (0.87–2.08) | 1.22 (0.80–1.88) | 0.46 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 1.53 (0.94–2.48) | 1.33 (0.82–2.16) | 0.39 |
Female | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 1.54 (1.12–2.13) | 0.04 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | 1.41 (1.00–2.00) | 0.22 |
BMI < 25 (kg/m2) | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 1.37 (0.95–1.96) | 0.08 |
Multivariable-adjustedc | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.70–1.59) | 1.22 (0.83–1.80) | 0.45 |
BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2) | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.80–1.66) | 1.41 (0.96–2.07) | 0.27 |
Multivariable-adjustedc | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.88–1.98) | 1.64 (1.07–2.53) | 0.09 |
Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | |
---|---|---|---|
Median DII | −2.05 | −0.02 | + 2.06 |
Whole population | |||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.59–1.60) | 1.23 (0.77–1.96) |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.53–1.55) | 1.08 (0.65–1.80) |
Male | |||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.27–1.66) | 1.34 (0.59–3.04) |
Multivariable-adjustedc | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.19–1.66) | 1.11 (0.42–2.91) |
Female | |||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.64–2.16) | 1.18 (0.67–2.08) |
Multivariable-adjustedc | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.59–2.12) | 1.07 (0.58–1.97) |
BMI < 25 (kg/m2) | |||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.33–1.47) | 0.81 (0.41–1.60) |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.33–1.61) | 0.79 (0.38–1.64) |
BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2) | |||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.64–2.70) | 1.70 (0.85–3.38) |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.50–2.51) | 1.52 (0.70–3.32) |
Quintiles of DII score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | ||
Median DII | −2.05 | −0.02 | + 2.06 | P-trend |
IBS-C | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.55–1.26) | 1.12 (0.76–1.64) | 0.24 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.57–1.37) | 1.15 (0.75–1.75) | 0.29 |
IBS-D | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.53–1.50) | 1.33 (0.83–2.13) | 0.45 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.54–1.66) | 1.37 (0.81–2.30) | 0.49 |
IBS-M | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 2.33 (1.25–4.32) | 1.90 (1.00–3.59) | 0.16 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 2.31 (1.21–4.39) | 1.65 (0.84–3.23) | 0.25 |
IBS-U | ||||
Crude | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.65–1.61) | 1.19 (0.76–1.85) | 0.96 |
Multivariable-adjustedb | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.65–1.72) | 1.21 (0.75–1.94) | 0.92 |