Introduction
Materials and methods
Patient characteristics
RNA isolation and quantification of adipokine gene expression
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristic
|
JDM
|
DM
|
JDM and DM
|
---|---|---|---|
N | 26 | 21 | 47 |
Age in years | 10.1 (3.2-17.0) | 53.0 (20.0-79.0) | 16.7 (3.2-79.0) |
Male sex (%) | 10 (38%) | 4 (19%) | 14 (30%) |
Time from Diagnosis date to baseline visit, years | 0.05 (0–14.49) | 0.17 (0–2.85) | 0.10 (0–14.49) |
Prednisone use (%) | 9 (43%) | 14 (70%) | 23 (56%) |
DMARD use (%) | 7 (33%) | 10 (48%) | 17 (40%) |
Global Disease Activity (0–100) | 42.5 (2–81) | 32 (3–80) | 39 (2–81) |
Muscle Disease Activity (0–100) | 23.5 (0–83) | 33 (0–83) | 25 (0–83) |
Global Extra-Skeletal Muscle Disease Activity (0–100) | 35 (2–73) | 32 (0–66) | 33 (0–73) |
Adipokine gene expression levels in peripheral blood
Peripheral blood
|
Muscle
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adult DM
|
Non-disease adult controls
|
P
Value
|
Adult DM
|
Non-disease adult controls
|
P
Value
| |
(N = 21)
|
(N = 5)
|
(N = 5)
|
(N = 5)
| |||
Leptin | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.49 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 1.4 (0.5, 1.9) | 0.60 |
Adiponectin | 0.1 (0.1, 12.1) | 0.2 (0.0, 12.4) | 0.63 | 1.7 (0.9, 4.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.60 |
Resistin | 1.4 (0.9, 2.8) | 0.6 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.18 | 23.2 (7.7, 40.4) | 2.6 (2.5, 7.4) | 0.047 |
Visfatin | 1.9 (1.7, 2.5) | 0.3 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.004 | 1.9 (1.8, 2.7) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 0.08 |
IL-6 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 1.4 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.06 | 2.9 (1.7, 4.0) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.047 |
TNF-α | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.28 | 1.8 (1.1, 2.4) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.25 |
Peripheral blood
|
Muscle
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JDM (N = 26)
|
Non-disease pediatric controls (N = 6)
|
P
Value
|
JDM (N = 7)
|
Non-disease pediatric controls (N = 5)
|
P
Value
| |
Leptin | 1.2 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.8) | 0.96 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 1.4 (0.5, 1.9) | 0.37 |
Adiponectin | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 1.2 (0.1, 4.0) | 0.014 | 2.6 (0.4, 7.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.46 |
Resistin | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.60 | 15.9 (10.5, 18.4) | 2.6 (2.5, 7.4) | 0.012 |
Visfatin | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | 2.1 (1.7, 2.5) | 0.05 | 2.0 (1.4, 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 0.028 |
IL-6 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.92 | 1.6 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.22 |
TNF-α | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.4) | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.1, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.09 |
Adipokine gene expression levels in muscle tissue
Correlation between baseline adipokine gene expression levels in peripheral blood and baseline clinical parameters
Age
|
Male sex
|
Prednisone use
|
DMARD use
|
Baseline global extra-skeletal muscle disease activity
|
Baseline muscle disease activity
|
Baseline global disease activity
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leptin | −0.74 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.04 | −0.27 | −0.06 |
P < 0.001 |
P = 0.93 |
P = 0.14 |
P = 0.54 |
P = 0.81 |
P = 0.07 |
P = 0.68 | |
Adiponectin | 0.07 | −0.07 | −0.26 | 0.21 | −0.15 | −0.01 | −0.06 |
P = 0.62 |
P = 0.63 |
P = 0.10 |
P = 0.18 |
P = 0.31 |
P = 0.95 |
P = 0.70 | |
Resistin | 0.25 | 0.12 | −0.34 | −0.01 | 0.29 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
P = 0.09 |
P = 0.44 |
P = 0.027 |
P = 0.95 |
P = 0.046 |
P < 0.001 |
P < 0.001 | |
Visfatin | 0.34 | −0.35 | −0.42 | 0.35 | −0.20 | −0.019 | −0.11 |
P = 0.020 |
P = 0.017 |
P = 0.006 |
P = 0.025 |
P = 0.17 |
P = 0.90 |
P = 0.46 | |
IL-6 | −0.64 | 0.03 | 0.34 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.30 | −0.14 |
P < 0.001 |
P = 0.85 |
P = 0.029 |
P = 0.66 |
P = 0.87 |
P = 0.042 |
P = 0.34 | |
TNF-α | 0.12 | 0.003 | 0.28 | 0.22 | −0.11 | −0.25 | −0.23 |
P = 0.41 |
P = 0.98 |
P = 0.07 |
P = 0.16 |
P = 0.47 |
P = 0.09 |
P = 0.11 |
Correlation between baseline adipokine gene expression levels in peripheral blood and baseline disease activity measures
Change between baseline and 6 months in adipokine gene expression levels in peripheral blood
Adult DM
|
JDM
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline
|
6 months
|
Difference
|
P
-value
|
Baseline
|
6 months
|
Difference
|
P
-value
| |
Leptin | 0.66 (0.25) | 0.5 (0.22) | −0.16 (0.37) | 0.26 | 1.14 (0.29) | 0.81 (0.39) | −0.34 (0.54) | 0.12 |
Adiponectin | 11.8 (17.5) | 3.2 (8.72) | −8.55 (17.25) | 0.20 | 2.04 (5.23) | 6.08 (16.6) | 4.04 (17.82) | 0.54 |
Resistin | 3.08 (2.65) | 2.84 (4.82) | −0.24 (4.7) | 0.89 | 1.13 (0.82) | 1.44 (1.98) | 0.32 (2) | 0.66 |
Visfatin | 2.25 (1.01) | 2.62 (1.5) | 0.37 (1.43) | 0.48 | 1.76 (0.87) | 2.24 (1.55) | 0.48 (1.77) | 0.47 |
IL-6 | 0.48 (0.46) | 0.42 (0.24) | −0.07 (0.42) | 0.67 | 1.23 (0.73) | 0.71 (0.3) | −0.52 (0.58) | 0.04 |
TNF-α | 0.61 (0.3) | 0.67 (0.4) | 0.06 (0.34) | 0.65 | 0.6 (0.17) | 0.63 (0.27) | 0.03 (0.29) | 0.76 |
Correlation between change in adipokine gene expression levels in peripheral blood and change in disease activity measures
Change in global extra-skeletal muscle disease activity
|
Change in muscle disease activity
|
Change in global disease activity
| |
---|---|---|---|
Leptin | −0.25 | −0.11 | −0.06 |
P = 0.34 |
P = 0.70 |
P = 0.84 | |
Adiponectin | 0.16 | −0.01 | −0.05 |
P = 0.56 |
P = 0.96 |
P = 0.85 | |
Resistin | −0.23 | 0.42 | 0.14 |
P = 0.39 |
P = 0.10 |
P = 0.61 | |
Visfatin | −0.24 | −0.24 | −0.22 |
P = 0.36 |
P = 0.37 |
P = 0.42 | |
IL-6 | 0.49 | −0.03 | 0.29 |
P = 0.05 |
P = 0.90 |
P = 0.28 | |
TNF-α | −0.38 | 0.01 | −0.08 |
P = 0.15 |
P = 0.97 |
P = 0.76 |