nach oben

Erschienen in:

01.04.2012 | Dementias - Original Article

Administration of memantine and imipramine alters mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase activities in rat brain

verfasst von: Gislaine Z. Réus, Roberto B. Stringari, Gislaine T. Rezin, Daiane B. Fraga, Juliana F. Daufenbach, Giselli Scaini, Joana Benedet, Natália Rochi, Emílio L. Streck, João Quevedo

Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission | Ausgabe 4/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Several studies have appointed for a role of glutamatergic system and/or mitochondrial function in major depression. In the present study, we evaluated the creatine kinase and mitochondrial respiratory chain activities after acute and chronic treatments with memantine (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) and imipramine (tricyclic antidepressant) in rats. To this aim, rats were acutely or chronically treated for 14 days once a day with saline, memantine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and imipramine (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg). After acute or chronic treatments, we evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (I, II, II–III and IV) and creatine kinase activities in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Our results showed that both acute and chronic treatments with memantine or imipramine altered respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase activities in rat brain; however, these alterations were different with relation to protocols (acute or chronic), complex, dose and brain area. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that the effects of imipramine and memantine could be involve mitochondrial function modulation.

Almeida A, Heales SJR, Bolanos JP, Medina JM (1998) Glutamate neurotoxicity is associated with nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and glutathione depletion. Brain Res 790:209–216. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00064-X PubMedCrossRef

Almeida RC, Felisbino CS, López MG, Rodrigues ALS, Gabilan NH (2006) Evidence for the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of memantine in mice. Behav Brain Res 168:318–322. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.11.023 PubMedCrossRef

Arundine M, Tymianski M (2003) Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 34:325–337. doi:10.1016/S0143-4160(03)00141-6 PubMedCrossRef

Assis LC, Rezin GT, Comim CM, Valvassori SS, Jeremias IC, Zugno AI, Quevedo J, Streck EL (2009) Effect of acute administration of ketamine and imipramine on Creatine kinase activity in the brain of rats. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 31:247–252. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462009000300010 PubMedCrossRef

Ben-Shachar D, Karry R (2008) Neuroanatomical pattern of mitochondrial complex I pathology varies between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. PLoS One 3:3676. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003676

Beretta S, Wood JP, Derham B, Sala G, Tremolizzo L, Ferrarese C, Osborne NN (2006) Partial mitochondrial complex I inhibition induces oxidative damage and perturbs glutamate transport in primary retinal cultures. Relevance to Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Neurobiol Dis 24:308–317PubMedCrossRef

Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS, Krystal JH (2000) Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 47:351–354. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00230-9 PubMedCrossRef

Bessman SP, Carpenter LC (1985) The creatine–creatine phosphate energy shuttle. Annu Rev Biochem 54:831–865. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004151 PubMedCrossRef

Bindoff LA, Birch-Machin M, Cartlidge NE, Parker WD, Turnbull DM (1989) Mitochondrial function in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2:49PubMedCrossRef

Brookes PS, Land JM, Clark JB, Heales SJ (1998) Peroxynitrite and brain mitochondria: evidence for increased proton leak. J Neurochem 70:2195–2202PubMedCrossRef

Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Giuffrida-Stella AM, Bates TE, Clark JB (2001) Mitochondrial involvement in brain function and dysfunction: relevance to aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity. Neurochem Res 26:739–764. doi:10.1023/A:1010955807739 PubMedCrossRef

Cassina A, Radi R (1996) Differential inhibitory action of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on mitochondrial electron transport. Arch Biochem Biophys 328:309–316. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0178 PubMedCrossRef

Chang DT, Honick AS, Reynolds IJ (2006) Mitochondrial trafficking to synapses in cultured primary cortical neurons. J Neurosci 26:7035–7045PubMedCrossRef

Chinnery PF, Schon EA (2003) Mitochondria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:1188–1199. doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1188 PubMedCrossRef

Chourbaji S, Vogt MA, Fumagalli F, Sohr R, Frasca A, Brandwein C, Hortnagl H, Riva MA, Sprengel R, Gass P (2008) AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluR-A) knockout mice model the glutamate hypothesis of depression. FASEP J. 22:3129–3134. doi:10.1096/fj.08-106450 CrossRef

Corrêa C, Amboni G, Assis LC, Martins MR, Kapczinski F, Streck EL, Quevedo J (2007) Effects of lithium and valproate on hippocampus citrate synthase activity in an animal model of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31:887–891. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.02.005 PubMedCrossRef

Covington HE, Vialou V, Nestler EJ (2010) From synapse to nucleus: novel targets for treating depression. Neuropharmacology 58:683–693. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.004 PubMedCrossRef

Crane GE (1959) Cycloserine as an antidepressant agent. Am J Psychiatry 115:1025–1026PubMed

Curti C, Mingatto FE, Polizello AC, Galastri LO, Uyemura SA, Santos AC (1999) Fluoxetine interacts with the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane in isolated rat brain mitochondria, inhibiting electron transport and F1F0-ATPase activity. Mol Cell Biochem 199:103–109. doi:10.1023/A:1006912010550 PubMedCrossRef

Duchen MR (2004) Mitochondria in health and disease: perspectives on a new mitochondrial biology. Mol Aspects Med 25:365–451. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2004.03.001 PubMedCrossRef

Ferguson JM, Shingleton RN (2007) An open-label, flexible-dose study of memantine in major depressive disorder. Clin Neuropharmacol 30:136–144. doi:10.1097/WNF.0b013e3180314ae7 PubMedCrossRef

Feyissa AM, Chandran A, Stockmeier CA, Karolwecz B (2009) Reduced levels of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptor and PSD-95 in the prefrontal cortex in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:70–75. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.10.005 PubMedCrossRef

Fisar Z, Hroudova J (2010) Activities of respiratory chain complexes and citrate synthase influenced by pharmacologically different antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 31:123–153

Fischer JC, Ruitenbeek W, Berden JA, Trijbels JM, Veerkamp JH, Stadhouders AM, Sengers RC, Janssen AJ (1985) Differential investigation of the capacity of succinate oxidation in human skeletal muscle. Clin Chim Acta 153:23–26PubMedCrossRef

Garcia LB, Comim CM, Valvassori SS, Réus GZ, Barbosa LM, Andreazza AC, Stertz L, Fries G, Gavioli E, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J (2008a) Acute administration of ketamine induces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test and increases BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:140–144. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.027 PubMedCrossRef

Garcia LB, Comim CM, Valvassori SS, Réus GZ, Barbosa LM, Andreazza AC, Stertz L, Fries G, Gavioli E, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J (2008b) Chronic administration of ketamine elicits antidepressant-like effects in rats without affecting hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 103:502–506. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00210.x PubMedCrossRef

Garcia LS, Comim CM, Valvassori SS, Réus GZ, Stertz L, Kapczinski F, Gavioli EC, Quevedo J (2009) Ketamine treatment reverses behavioral and physiological alterations induced by chronic mild stress in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33:450–455. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.01.004 PubMedCrossRef

Garthwaite J, Charles SL, Chess-Williams R (1988) Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain. Nature 336:385–388PubMedCrossRef

Gingrich JR, Pelkey KA, Fam SR, Huang Y, Petralia RS, Wenthold RJ, Salter MV (2004) Unique domain anchoring of Src to synaptic NMDA receptors via the mitochondrial protein NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:6237–6241. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401413101 PubMedCrossRef

Hall J, Whalley HC, Marwick K, Mckirdy J, Sussmann J, Romaniuk L, Johnstone EC, Wan HI, Mclntosh AM, Lawrie SM (2009) Hippocampal function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 7:1–10

Hardingham GE, Bading H (2003) The Yin and Yang of NMDA receptor signalling. Trends Neurosci 26:81–89. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(02)00040-1 PubMedCrossRef

Hashimoto K, Sawa A, Iyo M (2007) Increased levels of glutamate in brains from patients with mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 62:1310–1316. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.017 PubMedCrossRef

Hassel S, Almeida JR, Kerr N, Naus S, Ladouceur CD, Fissell K, Kupfer DJ, Phillips ML (2008) Elevated striatal and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in response to emotional stimuli in euthymic bipolar disorder: no associations with psychotropic medication load. Bipolar Disord 10:916–927PubMedCrossRef

Heinemann U, Buchheim K, Gabriel S (2002) Cell death and metabolic activity during epileptiform discharges and status epilepticus in the hippocampus. Prog Brain Res 135:197–210PubMedCrossRef

Horn D, Barrientos A (2008) Mitochondrial copper metabolism and delivery to cytochrome c oxidase. IUBMB Life 60:421–429. doi:10.1002/iub.50 PubMedCrossRef

Hughes BP (1962) A method for estimation of serum creatine kinase and its use in comparing creatine kinase and aldolase activity in normal and pathologic sera. Clin Chim Acta 7:597–604PubMedCrossRef

Jou SH, Chiu NY, Liu CS (2009) Mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders. Chang Gung Med J 32:370–379PubMed

Karanian DA, Baude AS, Brown QB, Parsons CG, Bahr BA (2006) 3-Nitropropionic acid toxicity in hippocampus: protection through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism. Hippocampus 16:834–842PubMedCrossRef

Kato T, Kato N (2000) Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2:180–190. doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2000.020305.x PubMedCrossRef

Khuchua ZA, Qin W, Boero J, Cheng J, Payne RM, Saks VA, Strauss AW (1998) Octamer formation and coupling of cardiac sarcomeric mitochondrial Creatine kinase are mediated by charged N-terminal residues. J Biol Chem 273:22990–22996. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.36.22990 PubMedCrossRef

Konradi C, Eaton M, MacDonald ML, Walsh J, Benes FM, Heckers S (2004) Molecular evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:300–308PubMedCrossRef

Krishnan V, Nestler EJ (2008) The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 455:894–992. doi:10.1038/nature07455 PubMedCrossRef

Kudin AP, Malinska D, Kunz WS (2008) Sites of generation of reactive oxygen species in homogenates of brain tissue determined with the use of respiratory substrates and inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1777:689–695PubMedCrossRef

Lee TY, Tsai KL, Lee WS, Hsu C (2007) The molecular events occur during MK-801-induced cytochrome oxidase subunit II down-regulation in GT1–7 cells. J Mol Endocrinol 39:53–66. doi:10.1677/jme.1.00002 PubMedCrossRef

Liebrenz M, Borgeat A, Leisinger R, Stohler R (2007) Intravenous ketamine therapy in a patient with a treatment-resistant major depression. Swiss Med Wkly 137:234–236PubMed

Lipton SA, Choi YB, Pan ZH, Lei SZ, Chen HS, Sucher NJ, Loscalzo J, Singel DJ, Stamler JS (1993) A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 364:626–632PubMedCrossRef

Lowry OH, Rosebough NG, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275PubMed

Lucca G, Comim CM, Valvossori SS, Réus GZ, Vuolo F, Petronilho F, Gavioli EC, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J (2009) Increased oxidative stress in submitochondrial particles into the brain of rats submitted to the chronic mild stress paradigm. J Psychiatr Res 43:864–869. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.11.002 PubMedCrossRef

Madrigal JLM, Olivenza R, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Lorenzo P, Rodrigo J, Leza JC (2001) Glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction are induced by chronic stress in rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:420–429. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1395616 PubMedCrossRef

Malinska D, Kulawiak B, Kudin AP, Kovacs R, Huchzermeyer C, Kann O, Szewczyk A, Kunz WS (2010) Complex III-dependent superoxide production of brain mitochondria contributes to seizure-related ROS formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1797:1163–1170PubMedCrossRef

Mathers C, Loncar D (2006) Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 3:442. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442

McAllister J, Ghosh S, Berry D, Park M, Sadeghi S, Wang KX, Parker WD, Swerdlow RH (2008) Effects of memantine on mitochondrial function. Biochem Pharmacol 75:956–964. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.019 PubMedCrossRef

Meltzer HY (2000) Massive serum creatine kinase increases with atypical antipsychotic drugs: what is the mechanism and the message? Psychopharmacology 150:349–350. doi:10.1007/s002130000465 PubMedCrossRef

Muhonen LH, Lönnqvist J, Lahti J, Alho H (2009) Age at onset of first depressive episode as a predictor for escitalopram treatment of major depression comorbid with alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Res 167:115–122. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.001 CrossRef

Nicholls DG (2004) Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity studied in primary neuronal cultures. Curr Mol Med 4:149–177PubMedCrossRef

Nicholls DG, Ward MW (2000) Mitochondrial membrane potential and neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity: mortality and millivolts. Trends Neurosci 23:166–174PubMedCrossRef

Nicholls DG, Vesce S, Kirk L, Chalmers S (2003) Interactions between mitochondrial bioenergetics and cytoplasmic calcium in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Cell Calcium 34:407–424PubMedCrossRef

Oliet SH, Piet R, Poulain DA (2001) Control of glutamate clearance and synaptic efficacy by glial coverage of neurons. Science 292:923–926PubMedCrossRef

Parker WD, Boyson SJ, Parks JK (1989) Abnormalities of the electron transport chain in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 26:719–723PubMedCrossRef

Patel MN (2002) Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epilepsy. Free Radic Res 36:1139–1146PubMedCrossRef

Paxinos G, Watson C (1986) The rat brain: stereotaxic coordinates, Second edn. Academic Press, Australia

Phelps LE, Brutsche N, Moral JR, Luckenbaugh DA, Manji HK, Zarate CA Jr (2009) Family history of alcohol dependence and initial antidepressant response to an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 65:181–184. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.029 PubMedCrossRef

Pietá Dias C, Martins De Lima MN, Presti-Torres J, Dornelles A, Garcia VA, Siciliani Scalco F, Rewsaat Guimarães M, Constantino L, Budni P, Dal-Pizzol F, Schröder N (2007) Memantine reduces oxidative damage and enhances long-term recognition memory in aged rats. Neuroscience 146:1719–1725PubMedCrossRef

Réus GZ, Stringari RB, Kirsch TR, Fries GR, Kapczinski F, Roesler R, Quevedo J (2010) Neurochemical and behavioural effects of acute and chronic memantine administration in rats: Further support for NMDA as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of depression? Brain Res Bull 81:585–589. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.11.013 PubMedCrossRef

Rezin GT, Amboni G, Zugno AI, Quevedo J, Streck EL (2009a) Mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders. Neurochem Res 34:1021–1029. doi:10.1007/s11064-008-9865-8 PubMedCrossRef

Rezin GT, Gonçalves CL, Daufenbach JF, Fraga DB, Santos PM, Ferreira GK, Hermani FV, Comim CM, Quevedo J, Streck EL (2009b) Acute administration of ketamine reverses the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain induced by chronic mild stress. Brain Res Bull 79:418–421. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.03.010 PubMedCrossRef

Rogóz Z, Skuza G, Maj J, Danysz W (2002) Synergistic effect of uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists and antidepressant drugs in the forced swimming test in rats. Neuropharmacololgy 42:1024–1030. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00055-2 CrossRef

Rogóz Z, Skuza G, Legutko B (2008) Repeated co-treatment with fluoxetine and amantadine induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in rats. Pharmacol Rep 60:817–826PubMed

Rojas JC, Saavedra JA, Gonzalez-Lima F (2008) Neuroprotective effects of memantine in a mouse model of retinal degeneration induced by rotenone. Brain Res 1215:208–217PubMedCrossRef

Rosenstock TR, Carvalho AC, Jurkiewicz A, Frussa-Filho R, Smaili SS (2004) Mitochondrial calcium, oxidative stress and apoptosis in a neurodegenerative disease model induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. J Neurochem 88:1220–1228PubMedCrossRef

Rustin P, Chretien D, Bourgeron T, Gerard B, Rotig A, Saudubray JM, Munnich A (1994) Biochemical and molecular investigations in respiratory chain deficiencies. Clin Chim Acta 228:35–51PubMedCrossRef

Santos PM, Scaini G, Rezin GT, Benedet J, Rochi N, Jeremias GC, Carvalho-Silva M, Quevedo J, Streck EL (2009) Brain creatine kinase activity is increased by chronic administration of paroxetine. Brain Res Bull 80:327–330. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.007 PubMedCrossRef

Schlattner U, Wallimann T (2000) Octamers of mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzymes differ in stability and membrane binding. J Biol Chem 275:17314–17320. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001919200 PubMedCrossRef

Schulz JB, Matthews RT, Henshaw DR, Beal MF (1996) Neuroprotective strategies for treatment of lesions produced by mitochondrial toxins: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 71:1043–1048PubMedCrossRef

Segal M, Avital A, Drobot M, Lukanin A, Derevenski A, Sandbank S, Weizman A (2007a) CK levels in unmedicated bipolar patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 17:763–767. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.04.007 PubMedCrossRef

Segal M, Avital A, Drobot M, Lukanin A, Derevenski A, Sandbank S, Weizman A (2007b) Serum creatine kinase level in unmedicated nonpsychotic, psychotic, bipolar and schizoaffective depressed patients. Eur. Neuropsychipharmacol. 17:194–198. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.04.007 CrossRef

Shin JB, Streijger F, Beynon A, Peters T, Gadzala L, McMillen D, Bystrom C, Van der Zee CE, Wallimann T, Gillespie PG (2007) Hair bundles are specialized for ATP delivery via creatine kinase. Neuron 53:371–386PubMedCrossRef

Skuza G, Rogóz Z (2003) Sigma1 receptor antagonists attenuate antidepressant-like effect induced by co-administration of 1, 3 di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) and memantine in the forced swimming test in rats. Pol J Pharmacol 55:1149–1152PubMed

Stanika RI, Pivovarova NB, Brantner CA, Watts CA, Winters CA, Andrews SB (2009) Coupling diverse routes of calcium entry to mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:9854–9859. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903546106 PubMedCrossRef

Stout AK, Raphael HM, Kanterewicz BI, Klann E, Reynolds IJ (1998) Glutamate-induced neuron death requires mitochondrial calcium uptake. Nature Neurosci 1:366–373PubMedCrossRef

Stowe DF, Camara AKS (2009) Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: modulators of mitochondrial and cell function. Antioxid Redox Signal 11:1373–1414PubMedCrossRef

Streck EL, Amboni G, Scaini G, Di-Pietro PB, Rezin GT, Valvassori SS, Luz G, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J (2008) Brain creatine kinase activity in an animal model of mania. Life Sci 82:424–429. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.026 PubMedCrossRef

Valvassori SS, Petronilho FC, Réus GZ, Steckert AV, Oliveira VB, Boeck CR, Kapczinski F, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J (2008) Effect of N-acetylcysteine and/or deferoxamine on oxidative stress and hyperactivity in an animal model of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1064–1068. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.02.012 PubMedCrossRef

Volbracht C, van Beek J, Zhu C, Blomgren K, Leist M (2006) Neuroprotective properties of memantine indifferent invitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity. Eur J Neurosci 23:2611–2622PubMedCrossRef

Weinbach EC, Costa JL, Nelson BD, Claggett CE, Hundal T, Bradley D, Morris SJ (1986) Effects of tricyclic antidepressant drugs on energy-linked reactions in mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 35:1445–1451. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(86)90108-5 PubMedCrossRef

Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R (2000) Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol Rev 80:1107–1213PubMed

Zaja-Milatovic S, Gupta RC, Aschner M, Milatovic D (2009) Protection of DFP-induced oxidative damage and neurodegeneration by antioxidants and NMDA receptor antagonist. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 240:124–131PubMedCrossRef

Zarate CA Jr, Manji HK (2008) Riluzole in psychiatry: a systematic review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 4:1223–1234. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.9.1223 PubMedCrossRef

Zarate CA Jr, Singh JB, Carson PJ, Brutshe NE, Ameli R, Luckenbaugh DA, Charney DS, Manji HK (2006) A randomized trial of N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:856–864PubMedCrossRef

Zdanys K, Tampi RR (2008) A systematic review of off-label uses of memantine for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1362–1374. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.008 PubMedCrossRef

Zhang X, Rojas JC, Gonzalez-Lima F (2006) Methylene blue prevents neurodegeneration caused by rotenone in the retina. Neurotox Res 9:47–57PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Administration of memantine and imipramine alters mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase activities in rat brain
verfasst von: Gislaine Z. Réus
Roberto B. Stringari
Gislaine T. Rezin
Daiane B. Fraga
Juliana F. Daufenbach
Giselli Scaini
Joana Benedet
Natália Rochi
Emílio L. Streck
João Quevedo
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2012
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission / Ausgabe 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0300-9564
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1463
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-011-0718-2

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2012

Genome-wide association study identifies 5q21 and 9p24.1 (KDM4C) loci associated with alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Pilot study on HTR2A promoter polymorphism, −1438G/A (rs6311) and a nearby copy number variation showed association with onset and severity in early onset obsessive–compulsive disorder

CSF biomarkers in different phenotypes of Parkinson disease

Instability of syllable repetition in progressive supranuclear palsy

Stress-induced cross-sensitization to amphetamine is related to changes in the dopaminergic system