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Erschienen in: Der Internist 5/2004

01.05.2004 | Schwerpunkt: Pneumologische Notfälle

Akute Exazerbation der COPD

verfasst von: C. G. Lange, B. Scheuerer, Prof. Dr. P. Zabel

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 5/2004

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Zusammenfassung

Akute Exazerbationen der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (AECOPD) entwickeln sich oftmals zu Notfallsituationen mit hoher assoziierter Morbidität und Mortalität. Für eine optimale Diagnose und Therapie der AECOPD fehlt bislang eine einheitliche Definition zur Risikoabschätzung der Exazerbation. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Einteilung der AECOPD in 4 Schweregrade vorgenommen, je nachdem ob eine ambulante Therapie durch den Patienten selbst oder den betreuenden Arzt erfolgt oder eine stationäre Behandlung auf einer peripheren Station bzw. auf einer Intensivstation erforderlich ist. Pharmakologische Therapiekonzepte umfassen die Behandlung mit kurzwirksamen Bronchodilatatoren, systemisch wirksamen Glukokortikoiden und—bei purulentem Sputum—Antibiotika. Langwirksame β2-Sympatikomimetika oder langwirksame Anticholinergika, Theophyllin, Mukolytika und Klopfmassagen haben keinen gesicherten Stellenwert in der Notfalltherapie der AECOPD. Bei respiratorischer Insuffizienz kann durch eine engmaschig kontrollierte Sauerstofftherapie und eine nicht-invasive Maskendruckbeatmung oftmals eine endotracheale Intubation und kontrollierte maschinelle Beatmung mit den damit verbundenen Risiken, z. B. der Entwicklung von Pneumonien, vermieden werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Akute Exazerbation der COPD
verfasst von
C. G. Lange
B. Scheuerer
Prof. Dr. P. Zabel
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 5/2004
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-004-1170-2

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