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International Urology and Nephrology
Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology 10/2018

20.08.2018 | Urology - Review

Androgen receptor: what we know and what we expect in castration-resistant prostate cancer

verfasst von: Zhonglin Cai, Weijie Chen, Jianzhong Zhang, Hongjun Li

Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology | Ausgabe 10/2018

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Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy is an important therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) in aging men. Under the background of castration, it is inevitable that prostate cancer will develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which has a high mortality rate, after 2–3 years. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in PCa development and is essential to CRPC. More recent research studies have reported that the development of CRPC is largely due to altered mechanisms related to AR, so it is important for us to understand the roles of AR and detailed AR-related mechanisms in CRPC. The multiple AR-related mechanisms promoting the development of CRPC are as follows: (1) enhanced transformation and increased synthesis of intratumoral androgen; (2) AR overexpression, which enables CRPC to be hypersensitive to low levels of androgen; (3) AR cofactors, which enhanced AR transactivation; (4) AR-spliced variants, which mediated downstream gene expression without androgen; (5) the interaction between the AR pathway and classic tumor-related pathways; and» (6) AR mutations, which reduced AR specificity and enhanced AR transcription.
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Metadaten
Titel
Androgen receptor: what we know and what we expect in castration-resistant prostate cancer
verfasst von
Zhonglin Cai
Weijie Chen
Jianzhong Zhang
Hongjun Li
Publikationsdatum
20.08.2018
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
International Urology and Nephrology / Ausgabe 10/2018
Print ISSN: 0301-1623
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2584
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-018-1964-0

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