Introduction
Patients and Methods
Patients
Clinical Assessments
Genotyping
Detection of Antiviral Antibodies
Virus | Negative | Indeterminate | Positive |
---|---|---|---|
Measles | ≤0.06 | 0.061–0.09 | ≥0.091 |
Mumps | ≤0.9 | 0.91–1.09 | ≥1.10 |
Rubella | ≤6.5 | 6.6–8.1 | ≥8.2 |
Varicella zoster | ≤0.11 | 0.12–0.14 | ≥0.15 |
Respiratory syncytial virus | ≤0.54 | 0.55–1.09 | ≥1.10 |
Canine distemper | 0 | 1–2 | ≥3 |
Statistical Analysis
Results
Antiviral Antibodies in PDB Cases and Controls
PDB (n = 463) | Controls (n = 221) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.4 ± 8.0 | 72.2 ± 8.4 | 0.75 |
Male | 240 (51.8%) | 114 (51.5%) | 0.95 |
Age at diagnosis | 64.3 ± 10.5 | – | |
Family history PDB | 70 (15.1%) | – | |
SQSTM1 mutation | 38 (8.4%) | ||
Number of affected sites | – | ||
1 | 222 (47.1%) | ||
2 | 141 (30.4%) | ||
3 | 62 (13.4%) | ||
>4 | 38 (8.2%) | ||
Fractures in pagetic bone | 47 (10.1%) | ||
Orthopaedic surgery | 83 (17.9%) | ||
Previous bisphosphonate | 353 (76.2%) | – | |
Deafness and skull involvement | 34 (7.3%) | ||
Bone deformity | 172 (37.1%) | ||
Bone pain | 345 (74.5%) | ||
Adjusted alkaline phosphatase | 1.18 ± 1.01 | – | |
Measles virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 3.00 ± 12.3 | 2.32 ± 6.16 | 0.36 |
Previous infection | 459 (99.1%) | 217 (98.2%) | 0.28 |
Respiratory syncytial virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 227 ± 144 | 220 ± 143 | 0.57 |
Positive serology | 425 (91.8%) | 204 (92.3%) | 0.881 |
Canine distemper virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 2.37 ± 1.08 | 2.39 ± 1.16 | 0.79 |
Positive serology | 208 (45.1%) | 100 (45.2%) | 1.00 |
Mumps virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 3.00 ± 0.85 | 2.56 ± 0.89 | 0.0001 |
Positive serology | 451 (97.4%) | 210 (95.0%) | 0.11 |
Varicella zoster virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 0.872 ± 0.728 | 0.784 ± 0.741 | 0.147 |
Positive serology | 448 (96.8%) | 215 (97.3%) | 0.81 |
Rubella virus | |||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 29.1 ± 11.4 | 27.30 ± 9.82 | 0.039 |
Positive serology | 451 (97.4%) | 215 (97.3%) | 1.00 |
Relation Between Severity of PDB and Antiviral Antibodies
Mild PDB (n = 152) | Moderate PDB (n = 163) | Severe PDB (n = 145) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 74.7 ± 6.2 | 71.2 ± 8.6 | 71.5 ± 8.6 | <0.0001 |
Male gender | 85 (55.9%) | 78 (47.8%) | 76 (52.4%) | 0.35 |
Measles virus (IU/ml) | 4.5 ± 18.6 | 1.9 ± 6.0 | 2.4 ± 8.9 | 0.13 |
Respiratory syncytial virus (IU/ml) | 224.5 ± 147.9 | 228.8 ± 144.7 | 227.5 ± 141.6 | 0.96 |
Canine distemper virus (IU/ml) | 2.40 ± 1.11 | 2.42 ± 1.11 | 2.24 ± 1.01 | 0.30 |
Mumps virus (UI/ml) | 2.96 ± 0.91 | 3.05 ± 0.82 | 3.0 ± 0.81 | 0.60 |
Varicella zoster virus (IU/ml) | 0.86 ± 0.76 | 0.88 ± 0.66 | 0.88 ± 0.77 | 0.95 |
Rubella virus (IU/ml) | 28.6 ± 11.6 | 30.0 ± 12.0 | 28.9 ± 10.7 | 0.38 |
SQSTM1 mutation | 3 (2.0%) | 16 (9.8%) | 20 (13.8%) | 0.001 |
SF36 bodily pain | 40.2 ± 10.9 | 38.6 ± 10.7 | 38.0 ± 10.5 | 0.19 |
SF36 physical functioning | 38.1 ± 11.0 | 36.2 ± 11.5 | 34.3 ± 10.4 | 0.02 |
SF36 mental functioning | 47.9 ± 11.0 | 49.6 ± 11.3 | 47.7 ± 11.8 | 0.31 |
Antiviral Antibodies and SQSTM1 Mutations
PDB SQSTM1 +ve (n = 38) | PDB SQSTM1 −ve (n = 425) | Control SQSTM1 −ve (n = 221) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71.1 ± 6.1 | 72.6 ± 8.0 | 72.2 ± 8.6 | 0.56 |
Male gender | 17 (44.7%) | 223 (52.5%) | 114 (51.6%) | 0.65 |
Measles virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 2.65 ± 8.8 | 2.98 ± 12.5 | 2.31 ± 6.2 | 0.75 |
Previous infection | 38 (100%) | 421 (99.1%) | 217 (98.2%) | 0.49 |
Respiratory syncytial virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 236.5 ± 138.9 | 225.9 ± 144.7 | 220.3 ± 143.4 | 0.78 |
Previous infection | 35 (92.1%) | 390 (91.8%) | 204 (92.3%) | 0.97 |
Canine distemper virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 2.31 ± 1.35 | 2.37 ± 1.05 | 2.39 ± 1.16 | 0.91 |
Previous infection | 14 (37.8%) | 194 (45.7%) | 100 (45.2%) | 0.64 |
Mumps virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 3.00 ± 0.92 | 3.00 ± 0.84 | 2.56 ± 0.89 | 0.0001 |
Previous infection | 37 (97.4%) | 414 (97.4%) | 210 (95.0%) | 0.29 |
Varicella zoster virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 0.86 ± 0.72 | 0.87 ± 0.73 | 0.78 ± 0.74 | 0.34 |
Previous infection | 36 (94.7%) | 412 (96.9%) | 215 (97.3%) | 0.73 |
Rubella virus | ||||
Antibody concentration (IU/ml) | 30.8 ± 11.9 | 28.9 ± 11.4 | 27.3 ± 9.8 | 0.09 |
Previous infection | 38 (100%) | 413 (97.2%) | 217 (97.3%) | 0.35 |