Introduction
Material and methods
Chemicals, reagents and media
Preparation of samples
Bacterial germs tested
Antibacterial activity
Antioxidant activity assay
DPPH (Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay
ABTS (azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) method
Anti-inflammatory activities
Anti-protein denaturation test
Membrane stabilization test
Preparation of the erythrocyte suspension
Heat induced hemolysis and hypotonicity
Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts on green frog tadpoles (Rana clamitans, latreille)
Tadpole sampling
Lethal and sublethal testing
Quantitative study of phenolic compounds
Statistical analysis
Results
Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Guibourtia tessmanii (harms) J. Léonard
Antioxidant activities of Guibourtia tessmanii (harms) J. Léonard extracts
Plant species | Extracts | DPPH | ABTS |
---|---|---|---|
IC50 (μg/mL) | IC50 (μg/mL) | ||
Guibourtia tessmanii | Water-acetone extract | a6.92 ± 0.48 | a4.13 ± 0.54 |
Water-ethanol extract | a7.74 ± 0.63 | a4.02 ± 0.79 | |
Water extract | b16.64 ± 0.20 | b10.54 ± 0.52 | |
Fraction Gt F1 | a7.26 ± 0.50 | a3.60 ± 0.30 | |
Fraction Gt F2 | a7.22 ± 0.00 | a3.26 ± 0.40 | |
Fraction Gt F3 | a8.50 ± 1.10 | a4.50 ± 0.60 | |
Fraction Gt F4 | b15.00 ± 2.00 | b12.60 ± 1.00 | |
Standards | Vitamin C | a7.12 ± 0.60 | a5.01 ± 0.55 |
Butylated Hydroxyanisole | a6.59 ± 0.30 | a4.26 ± 0.25 |
Anti-inflammatory activity of Guibourtia tessmanii (harms) J. Léonard extracts
Samples | Protein denaturation test IC50 (μg/mL) | Membrane stabilization test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hemolysis by hypotonicity IC50 (μg/mL) | Heat hemolysis IC50 (μg/mL) | |||
Guibourtia tessmanii | Water-acetone extract | a102.25 ± 10.21 | c84.26 ± 6.32 | ac86.56 ± 8.40 |
Water-ethanol extract | b180.27 ± 5.27 | c80.28 ± 7.56 | ac82.35 ± 9.25 | |
Water extract | a92.70 ± 4.45 | c78.65 ± 7.53 | ac78.74 ± 2.50 | |
Standard | Diclofenac sodium | a97.20 ± 2.37 | c79.56 ± 2.01 | ac86.86 ± 5.10 |
Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Guibourtia tessmanii (harms) J. Léonard
Lethal test
Species stage of development | LC50 (μg / mL) depending on the duration of exposure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | |
Rana clamitan Tadpoles (0.91 g) | 171.37 ± 9.25 EP | 61.99 ± 5.02 EP | 56.25 ± 5.01 REG | 58.25 ± 7.21 REG |
Bufo melanostictu Tadpoles (0.1 g) [27] | 22.42 EP | 19.81 EP | 11.91 REG | 8.18 REG |
Mortalities during sublethal tests
Phenols and alkaloids content
Extracts | Yield (%) | TPC (mg GAE/100 g of extract) | TFC (mg QE/100 g of extract) | TTC (mg TAE/100 g of extract) | TPRC (mg APE/100 g of extract) | TAC (mg AE/100 g of extract) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gt WAE | 10.36 | a8 357 ± 20.25 | ab1 062.88 ± 21.46 | ab1 629.04 ± 6.85 | ab1 708.44 ± 0.37 | c756.25 ± 22,05 |
Gt WEE | 5.04 | a8 935.33 ± 12.42 | c781.63 ± 15.25 | ab1 947.56 ± 8.89 | ab2 308.44 ± 2.96 | bc508.36 ± 23.57 |
Gt WE | 0.86 | b4 206.44 ± 15.67 | c673.29 ± 22.64 | c797.93 ± 5.43 | c715.11 ± 8.15 | c659.10 ± 33.25 |
Gt F1 | 0.75 | a7 563 ± 28.56 | ab2 265.50 ± 10.56 | ab2 152 ± 27.5 | c786.25 ± 18.50 | c626.26 ± 39.05 |
Gt F2 | 0.82 | b6 758 ± 9.30 | ab1989.58 ± 15.33 | ab1 525 ± 17.5 | bc525.12 ± 16.20 | bc469.25 ± 10.39 |
Gt F3 | 0.67 | ab2 598.80 ± 17.35 | ab1 202 ± 13.15 | bc274.40 ± 5.25 | bc258.42 ± 10.55 | bc226.39 ± 29,00 |
Gt F4 | 0.51 | ab1 952.50 ± 20.20 | c856.51 ± 20.25 | bc329.60 ± 9.56 | bc255.25 ± 26.90 | bc326,10 ± 35.26 |