Background
Methods
Patients and design
Clinical data collection and follow-up
Antiviral and endoscopic therapy
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristics | Before matching (N = 1139) | After matching (N = 348) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No rebleeding (N = 648) | Rebleeding (N = 491) | SD | No rebleeding (N = 192) | Rebleeding (N = 156) | SD | |
Age (yr) | 50.7 ± 10.3 | 51.8 ± 10.4 | −1.168 | 51.8 ± 10.6 | 51.8 ± 11.5 | −0.019 |
Male sex | 483 (74.5%) | 364 (74.1%) | 0.024 | 123 (64.1%) | 98 (62.8%) | 0.057 |
Antiviral therapy | 549 (84.7%) | 374 (76.2%) | 13.291 | 109 (56.8%) | 65 (41.7%) | 7.854 |
Diabetes | 117 (18.1%) | 140 (28.5%) | 17.484 | 19 (9.9%) | 35 (22.4%) | 10.324 |
Alcohol consumption | 18 (2.8%) | 16 (3.3%) | 0.223 | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (1.9%) | 0.472 |
Ascites | 479 (73.9%) | 419 (85.3%) | 21.824 | 142 (74.0%) | 136 (87.2%) | 9.363 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 4.0 (2.7, 6.4) | 4.3 (3.0, 6.2) | −0.036 | 4.5 (3.0, 7.5) | 4.8 (3.3, 7.0) | 0.268 |
PLT (×109/L) | 62.0 (44.4, 89.0) | 66.9 (46.4, 94.0) | −5.554 | 66.0 (44.4, 97.8) | 73.5 (52.5, 111.8) | −6.968 |
HGB (g/l) | 89.2 ± 25.2 | 84.1 ± 25.4 | 5.075 | 81.2 (67.4, 101.0) | 77.7 (60.2, 93.2) | 5.946 |
ALT (U/L) | 23.1 (17.1, 32.8) | 22.5 (17.0, 33.0) | −3.724 | 22.2 (17.0, 32.6) | 21.7 (16.2, 33.0) | −4.208 |
AST (U/L) | 28.6 (21.7, 39.7) | 29.0 (22.4, 41.0) | −10.332 | 27.5 (21.6, 39.8) | 28.9 (22.4, 39.5) | −13.064 |
TBIL (μmol/l) | 17.9 (12.8, 25.3) | 18.1 (11.9, 25.1) | −2.604 | 16.7 (11.9, 23.8) | 17.1 (10.9, 24.4) | −5.402 |
GGT (U/L) | 19.2 (12.9, 31.2) | 26.4 (15.6, 45.3) | −14.324 | 20.1 (12.4, 33.5) | 26.9 (14.1, 43.5) | −15.883 |
ALB (g/l) | 33.1 ± 5.8 | 32.7 ± 5.7 | 0.383 | 31.9 ± 5.4 | 31.8 ± 5.7 | 0.163 |
Cr (μmol/l) | 63.3 (53.7, 74.3) | 63.9 (53.4, 75.8) | −0.539 | 58.9 (48.6, 69.4) | 59.4 (48.9, 72.3) | −1.935 |
PT (s) | 14.9 (13.9, 16.2) | 15.0 (13.7, 16.4) | −0.076 | 15.0 (14.0, 16.5) | 15.3 (14.2, 16.8) | −0.516 |
AFP (ng/ml) | 2.8 (1.8, 5.3) | 3.1 (1.7, 5.9) | −1.990 | 2.8 (1.8, 5.3) | 3.3 (1.7, 5.9) | −0.955 |
HBeAg (positive) | 146 (26.9%) | 103 (25.6%) | 0.211 | 21 (10.9%) | 21 (13.5%) | −0.025 |
HBV-DNA (positive) | 128 (30.3%) | 86 (29.2%) | 0.102 | 34 (26.0%) | 26 (28.0%) | 0.111 |
MELD score | 6.1 ± 4.2 | 6.3 ± 4.9 | −0.194 | 4.8 ± 4.8 | 5.7 ± 5.4 | −0.881 |
CTP class (A/B/C) | 177/359/112 | 81/296/114 | 20.548 | 44/113/35 | 20/95/41 | 7.386 |
Drug | N(%) |
---|---|
Adefovir dipivoxil | 188 (20.4) |
Lamivudine | 86 (9.3) |
Entecavir | 490 (53.1) |
Telbivudine | 9 (1.0) |
Tenofovir | 12 (1.3) |
Adefovir + Lamivudine | 77 (8.3) |
Adefovir + Entecavir | 43 (4.7) |
Adefovir + Telbivudine | 17 (1.8) |
Entecavir + Tenofovir | 1 (0.1) |
Characteristics | Before matching (N = 1139) | After matching (N = 348) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-antiviral group (N = 216) | Antiviral group (N = 923) | SD | Non-antiviral group (N = 174) | Antiviral group (N = 174) | SD | |
Age (yr) | 51.5 ± 11.5 | 51.1 ± 10.1 | 0.336 | 52.1 ± 11.2 | 51.5 ± 10.8 | 0.626 |
Male sex | 144 (66.7%) | 703 (76.2%) | 8.283 | 113 (64.9%) | 108 (62.1%) | 0.310 |
Diabetes | 40 (18.5%) | 217 (23.5%) | 2.496 | 29 (16.7%) | 25 (14.4%) | 0.351 |
Alcohol consumption | 6 (2.8%) | 28 (3.0%) | 0.040 | 3 (1.7%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.203 |
Ascites | 176 (81.5%) | 722 (78.2%) | 1.114 | 138 (79.3%) | 140 (80.5%) | 0.072 |
WBC (×109/L) | 4.5 (3.0, 7.0) | 4.1 (2.8, 6.2) | 0.418 | 4.6 (3.1,7.2) | 4.8 (3.1, 7.3) | −0.309 |
PLT (×109/L) | 69.0 (44.4, 119.0) | 63.0 (45.4, 88.4) | 15.353 | 68.5 (44.4, 119.2) | 69.0 (49.4, 96.3) | 5.467 |
HGB (g/l) | 80.0 ± 23.7 | 88.7 ± 25.5 | −8.659 | 81.0 ± 23.5 | 82.2 ± 22.9 | −1.163 |
ALT (U/L) | 22.5 (16.8, 32.6) | 22.9 (17.1, 33.0) | −3.452 | 22.8 (16.6, 32.9) | 21.4 (16.5, 32.8) | 0.464 |
AST (U/L) | 28.4 (22.3, 41.2) | 29.3 (21.9, 41.2) | −1.642 | 28.4 (21.8, 40.1) | 28.0 (21.8, 39.4) | −0.006 |
TBIL (μmol/l) | 18.1 (11.9, 24.9) | 18.1 (12.6, 25.2) | −2.486 | 17.3 (11.4, 24.6) | 16.1 (11.2, 23.7) | −1.240 |
GGT (U/L) | 22.6 (12.7, 44.0) | 20.7 (13.8, 35.6) | 3.292 | 23.4 (13.1, 37.3) | 21.6 (13.3, 33.5) | 1.455 |
ALB (g/l) | 31.5 ± 5.3 | 33.3 ± 5.8 | −1.800 | 31.9 ± 5.2 | 31.9 ± 5.8 | −0.039 |
Cr (μmol/l) | 59.2 (48.5, 72.3) | 64.2 (54.6, 75.4) | −2.655 | 58.5 (48.6, 72.1) | 59.9 (48.8, 70.6) | 4.031 |
PT (s) | 15.3 (14.1, 16.7) | 14.9 (13.7, 16.2) | 0.332 | 15.2 (14.1, 16.5) | 15.3 (14.0, 16.6) | −0.100 |
AFP (ng/ml) | 2.5 (1.6, 4.6) | 3.0 (1.8, 5.8) | −2.205 | 2.5 (1.6, 4.6) | 3.3 (2.0, 5.9) | −2.293 |
HBeAg (positive) | 18 (10.3%) | 231 (30.0%) | 28.471 | 18 (10.3%) | 24 (13.8%) | 0.975 |
HBV-DNA (positive) | 28 (23.7%) | 186 (31.0%) | 2.492 | 25 (24%) | 35 (29.2) | 0.747 |
MELD score | 5.6 (2.7, 8.4) | 6.2 (3.9, 8.8) | −0.910 | 5.4 (2.6, 8.3) | 5.0 (1.8, 8.2) | 0.430 |
CTP class (A/B/C) | 39/130/47 | 219/525/179 | 3.312 | 35/106/33 | 29/102/43 | 1.955 |
Factors associated with rebleeding
Variable | Univariate analysis OR (95%CI) |
p
| Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI) |
p
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 1.011 (1.000–1.023) | 0.059 | ||
Gender | 1.021 (0.781–1.336) | 0.878 | ||
Antiviral therapy | 0.576 (0.428–0.777) | <0.001 | 0.563 (0.389–0.817) | 0.002 |
Diabetes | 1.810 (1.368–2.395) | <0.001 | 1.893 (1.347–2.662) | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 1.179 (0.595–2.336) | 0.637 | ||
Ascites | 2.053 (1.513–2.787) | <0.001 | 1.820 (1.253–2.642) | 0.002 |
WBC (×109/L) | 1.003 (0.969–1.039) | 0.858 | ||
LY% | 0.986 (0.974–0.998) | 0.026 | ||
PLT (×109/L) | 1.002 (1.000–1.004) | 0.122 | ||
HGB (g/l) | 0.992 (0.987–0.997) | 0.001 | 0.994 (0.988–0.999) | 0.032 |
ALT (U/L) | 1.001 (0.999–1.004) | 0.241 | ||
AST (U/L) | 1.003 (1.001–1.006) | 0.012 | ||
GGT (U/L) | 1.011 (1.006–1.015) | <0.001 | 1.011 (1.006–1.016) | <0.001 |
TBIL (μmol/l) | 1.004 (0.999–1.008) | 0.124 | ||
CHE (U/L) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.014 | ||
HBeAg (positive) | 0.934 (0.696–1.252) | 0.646 | ||
HBV-DNA (positive) | 0.948 (0.685–1.313) | 0.750 | ||
AFP (ng/ml) | 1.003 (1.001–1.005) | 0.007 | ||
MELD score | 1.010 (0.984–1.036) | 0.474 | ||
CTP class | 1.492 (1.242–1.792) | <0.001 |