Among the 36 adult patients, 24 were males and 12 were females aged 31–87 (55.7 ± 12.1) years. Six patients were older adults. Twenty-seven cases were treated for Aspergillus infection, four for Mucor infection, two for Rhizopus infection, one for Gibberella fujikuroi infection, one for histoplasmosis, and one for yeast infection. Moreover, 11 patients had malignancies or underwent chemotherapy. Four patients presented with autoimmune diseases, eight were receiving glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive therapy, 14 presented with diabetes mellitus, one presented with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two presented with bronchiectasis, and three presented with pulmonary fibrosis. As for the application of the combined treatment, seven patients received combined intravenous AmB injections, 29 patients received a combined application of voriconazole, and eight patients received a combined application of caspofungin. None of the patients were treated with fluconazole. Among the departments of admission, 19 patients were from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, nine patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), four patients were from the Department of Transplantation, and four patients were from the Department of Hematology. In this study, 26 patients evidenced improvement in their health conditions after the treatment, whereas 10 patients did not respond to the treatment and died during hospitalization.
A total of 27 patients, including 18 males and nine females aged 31–87 (54.3.5 ± 12.8) years, received nebulization of AmB. Twenty-one of these patients were treated for Aspergillus infection, three for Mucor infection, one for Rhizopus infection, one for Gibberella fujikuroi infection, and one for yeast infection. Eight patients had malignancies or were receiving chemotherapy, three patients had autoimmune diseases, eight patients were receiving glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive therapy, nine patients had diabetes mellitus, one patient had COPD, one patient had bronchiectasis, and three patients had pulmonary fibrosis. As for the application of the combined treatment, four patients received combined intravenous AmB injections, 23 patients received the combined application of voriconazole, and four patients combined application of caspofungin. None of the patients were treated with fluconazole. Among the departments of admission, 10 patients were from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, nine patients were in the ICU, four patients were from the Department of Transplantation, and four patients were admitted to the Department of Hematology. Seventeen patients evidenced improvement in their health condition after the treatment, whereas 10 patients did not respond to the treatment and died during hospitalization. The duration of the nebulizer treatment was 10.2 ± 6.6 days, with the longest duration being 24 days.
Seven patients, five males and two females aged 42–73 (59.9 ± 9.2) years were treated with the tracheoscopic instillation of AmB. Among these seven patients, five were treated for Aspergillus infection, one for Mucor infection, and one for Rhizopus infection. One patient had malignancy and was receiving chemotherapy, one patient had an autoimmune disease, five patients had diabetes mellitus, and one patient had bronchitis. Combined treatment with intravenous injection of AmB was administered to two patients, whereas combined voriconazole treatment was prescribed to five patients. All seven patients were admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine and were discharged after their conditions improved with the treatment. The number of instillations received by these patients varied from 1–6 times, with the highest dose of a single instillation at 25 mg. Four patients underwent left-lung installations, two had right-lung installations, and one underwent installations of both lungs.
Two patients, one male and one female aged 63 and 57 years, respectively, underwent intrapleural irrigation of AmB. One of these patients was treated for Aspergillus infection, whereas the other was treated for histoplasmosis. Both patients had comorbid malignancies or underwent chemotherapy. The patient with histoplasmosis received combined treatment with itraconazole, whereas the patient with Aspergillus infection received voriconazole treatment. Both patients were admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine and were discharged with improved conditions after treatment. The patient with histoplasmosis received left intralpleural irrigation eight times, whereas the patient with Aspergillus infection underwent right intrapleural irrigation seven times. The dose of AmB increased gradually from the initial 5 mg to a maximum of 25 mg per irrigation.