Lipide und PCSK9-Inhibition bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung

Zurück zum Zitat Chen H, Chen L, Liu D, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Yu XY, Zhang L, Su W, Bai X, Zhao YY (2017) Combined clinical phenotype and Lipidomic analysis reveals the impact of chronic kidney disease on lipid metabolism. J Proteome Res 16:1566–1578CrossRef Chen H, Chen L, Liu D, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Yu XY, Zhang L, Su W, Bai X, Zhao YY (2017) Combined clinical phenotype and Lipidomic analysis reveals the impact of chronic kidney disease on lipid metabolism. J Proteome Res 16:1566–1578CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM (1996) Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA 276:875–881CrossRef Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM (1996) Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA 276:875–881CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Geovanini GR, Libby P (2018) Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates. Clin Sci 132:1243–1252CrossRef Geovanini GR, Libby P (2018) Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates. Clin Sci 132:1243–1252CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Speer T, Owala FO, Holy EW, Zewinger S, Frenzel FL, Stahli BE, Razavi M, Triem S, Cvija H, Rohrer L, Seiler S, Heine GH, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Camici GG, Akhmedov A, Fliser D, Luscher TF, Tanner FC (2014) Carbamylated low-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction. Eur Heart J 35:3021–3032CrossRef Speer T, Owala FO, Holy EW, Zewinger S, Frenzel FL, Stahli BE, Razavi M, Triem S, Cvija H, Rohrer L, Seiler S, Heine GH, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Camici GG, Akhmedov A, Fliser D, Luscher TF, Tanner FC (2014) Carbamylated low-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction. Eur Heart J 35:3021–3032CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Speer T, Zewinger S, Fliser D (2013) Uraemic dyslipidaemia revisited: role of high-density lipoprotein. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:2456–2463CrossRef Speer T, Zewinger S, Fliser D (2013) Uraemic dyslipidaemia revisited: role of high-density lipoprotein. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:2456–2463CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Zewinger S, Drechsler C, Kleber ME, Dressel A, Riffel J, Triem S, Lehmann M, Kopecky C, Saemann MD, Lepper PM, Silbernagel G, Scharnagl H, Ritsch A, Thorand B, de las Heras Gala T, Wagenpfeil S, Koenig W, Peters A, Laufs U, Wanner C, Fliser D, Speer T, Marz W (2015) Serum amyloid A: high-density lipoproteins interaction and cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 36:3007–3016PubMed Zewinger S, Drechsler C, Kleber ME, Dressel A, Riffel J, Triem S, Lehmann M, Kopecky C, Saemann MD, Lepper PM, Silbernagel G, Scharnagl H, Ritsch A, Thorand B, de las Heras Gala T, Wagenpfeil S, Koenig W, Peters A, Laufs U, Wanner C, Fliser D, Speer T, Marz W (2015) Serum amyloid A: high-density lipoproteins interaction and cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 36:3007–3016PubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Speer T, Rohrer L, Blyszczuk P, Shroff R, Kuschnerus K, Krankel N, Kania G, Zewinger S, Akhmedov A, Shi Y, Martin T, Perisa D, Winnik S, Muller MF, Sester U, Wernicke G, Jung A, Gutteck U, Eriksson U, Geisel J, Deanfield J, von Eckardstein A, Luscher TF, Fliser D, Bahlmann FH, Landmesser U (2013) Abnormal high-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction via activation of Toll-like receptor‑2. Immunity 38:754–768CrossRef Speer T, Rohrer L, Blyszczuk P, Shroff R, Kuschnerus K, Krankel N, Kania G, Zewinger S, Akhmedov A, Shi Y, Martin T, Perisa D, Winnik S, Muller MF, Sester U, Wernicke G, Jung A, Gutteck U, Eriksson U, Geisel J, Deanfield J, von Eckardstein A, Luscher TF, Fliser D, Bahlmann FH, Landmesser U (2013) Abnormal high-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction via activation of Toll-like receptor‑2. Immunity 38:754–768CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Zewinger S, Kleber ME, Rohrer L, Lehmann M, Triem S, Jennings RT, Petrakis I, Dressel A, Lepper PM, Scharnagl H, Ritsch A, Thorand B, Heier M, Meisinger C, de Las Heras GT, Koenig W, Wagenpfeil S, Schwedhelm E, Boger RH, Laufs U, von Eckardstein A, Landmesser U, Luscher TF, Fliser D, Marz W, Meinitzer A, Speer T (2017) Symmetric dimethylarginine, high-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx118CrossRefPubMed Zewinger S, Kleber ME, Rohrer L, Lehmann M, Triem S, Jennings RT, Petrakis I, Dressel A, Lepper PM, Scharnagl H, Ritsch A, Thorand B, Heier M, Meisinger C, de Las Heras GT, Koenig W, Wagenpfeil S, Schwedhelm E, Boger RH, Laufs U, von Eckardstein A, Landmesser U, Luscher TF, Fliser D, Marz W, Meinitzer A, Speer T (2017) Symmetric dimethylarginine, high-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehx118CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Zewinger S, Speer T, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Woitas R, Lepper PM, Pfahler K, Seiler S, Heine GH, Marz W, Silbernagel G, Fliser D (2014) HDL cholesterol is not associated with lower mortality in patients with kidney dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1073–1082CrossRef Zewinger S, Speer T, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Woitas R, Lepper PM, Pfahler K, Seiler S, Heine GH, Marz W, Silbernagel G, Fliser D (2014) HDL cholesterol is not associated with lower mortality in patients with kidney dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1073–1082CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Bowe B, Xie Y, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Al-Aly Z (2016) Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase the risk of incident kidney disease and its progression. Kidney Int 89:886–896CrossRef Bowe B, Xie Y, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Al-Aly Z (2016) Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase the risk of incident kidney disease and its progression. Kidney Int 89:886–896CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Zewinger S, Reiser J, Jankowski V, Alansary D, Hahm E, Triem S, Klug M, Schunk SJ, Schmit D, Kramann R, Korbel C, Ampofo E, Laschke MW, Selejan SR, Paschen A, Herter T, Schuster S, Silbernagel G, Sester M, Sester U, Assmann G, Bals R, Kostner G, Jahnen-Dechent W, Menger MD, Rohrer L, Marz W, Bohm M, Jankowski J, Kopf M, Latz E, Niemeyer BA, Fliser D, Laufs U, Speer T (2020) Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol 21:30–41CrossRef Zewinger S, Reiser J, Jankowski V, Alansary D, Hahm E, Triem S, Klug M, Schunk SJ, Schmit D, Kramann R, Korbel C, Ampofo E, Laschke MW, Selejan SR, Paschen A, Herter T, Schuster S, Silbernagel G, Sester M, Sester U, Assmann G, Bals R, Kostner G, Jahnen-Dechent W, Menger MD, Rohrer L, Marz W, Bohm M, Jankowski J, Kopf M, Latz E, Niemeyer BA, Fliser D, Laufs U, Speer T (2020) Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol 21:30–41CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Rahman M, Yang W, Akkina S, Alper A, Anderson AH, Appel LJ, He J, Raj DS, Schelling J, Strauss L, Teal V, Rader DJ, Investigators CS. (2014) Relation of serum lipids and lipoproteins with progression of CKD: the CRIC study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1190–1198CrossRef Rahman M, Yang W, Akkina S, Alper A, Anderson AH, Appel LJ, He J, Raj DS, Schelling J, Strauss L, Teal V, Rader DJ, Investigators CS. (2014) Relation of serum lipids and lipoproteins with progression of CKD: the CRIC study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1190–1198CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Lanktree MB, Theriault S, Walsh M, Pare G (2018) HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides as risk factors for CKD: a mendelian randomization study. Am J Kidney Dis 71:166–172CrossRef Lanktree MB, Theriault S, Walsh M, Pare G (2018) HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides as risk factors for CKD: a mendelian randomization study. Am J Kidney Dis 71:166–172CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, Boekholdt SM, Khaw KT, Gudnason V (2007) Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation 115:450–458CrossRef Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, Boekholdt SM, Khaw KT, Gudnason V (2007) Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation 115:450–458CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Do R, Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Gao C, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkila K, Hypponen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson A, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikainen LP, Magnusson PK, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Muller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O’Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney AS, Doring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Eyjolfsson GI, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimaki T, Lin SY, Lindstrom J, Loos RJ, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Muller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TV, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stancakova A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YD, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrieres J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Jarvelin MR, Jula A, Kahonen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, Marz W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njolstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PE, Sheu WH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BH, Altshuler D, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CN, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Kathiresan S (2013) Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 45:1345–1352CrossRef Do R, Willer CJ, Schmidt EM, Sengupta S, Gao C, Peloso GM, Gustafsson S, Kanoni S, Ganna A, Chen J, Buchkovich ML, Mora S, Beckmann JS, Bragg-Gresham JL, Chang HY, Demirkan A, Den Hertog HM, Donnelly LA, Ehret GB, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Fischer K, Fontanillas P, Fraser RM, Freitag DF, Gurdasani D, Heikkila K, Hypponen E, Isaacs A, Jackson AU, Johansson A, Johnson T, Kaakinen M, Kettunen J, Kleber ME, Li X, Luan J, Lyytikainen LP, Magnusson PK, Mangino M, Mihailov E, Montasser ME, Muller-Nurasyid M, Nolte IM, O’Connell JR, Palmer CD, Perola M, Petersen AK, Sanna S, Saxena R, Service SK, Shah S, Shungin D, Sidore C, Song C, Strawbridge RJ, Surakka I, Tanaka T, Teslovich TM, Thorleifsson G, Van den Herik EG, Voight BF, Volcik KA, Waite LL, Wong A, Wu Y, Zhang W, Absher D, Asiki G, Barroso I, Been LF, Bolton JL, Bonnycastle LL, Brambilla P, Burnett MS, Cesana G, Dimitriou M, Doney AS, Doring A, Elliott P, Epstein SE, Eyjolfsson GI, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Gravito ML, Groves CJ, Hallmans G, Hartikainen AL, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Holm H, Hung YJ, Illig T, Jones MR, Kaleebu P, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Kim E, Klopp N, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Lehtimaki T, Lin SY, Lindstrom J, Loos RJ, Mach F, McArdle WL, Meisinger C, Mitchell BD, Muller G, Nagaraja R, Narisu N, Nieminen TV, Nsubuga RN, Olafsson I, Ong KK, Palotie A, Papamarkou T, Pomilla C, Pouta A, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Ridker PM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Samani N, Scharnagl H, Seeley J, Silander K, Stancakova A, Stirrups K, Swift AJ, Tiret L, Uitterlinden AG, van Pelt LJ, Vedantam S, Wainwright N, Wijmenga C, Wild SH, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Wilson JF, Young EH, Zhao JH, Adair LS, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Bennett F, Bochud M, Boehm BO, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bornstein SR, Bovet P, Burnier M, Campbell H, Chakravarti A, Chambers JC, Chen YD, Collins FS, Cooper RS, Danesh J, Dedoussis G, de Faire U, Feranil AB, Ferrieres J, Ferrucci L, Freimer NB, Gieger C, Groop LC, Gudnason V, Gyllensten U, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hingorani A, Hirschhorn JN, Hofman A, Hovingh GK, Hsiung CA, Humphries SE, Hunt SC, Hveem K, Iribarren C, Jarvelin MR, Jula A, Kahonen M, Kaprio J, Kesaniemi A, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Koudstaal PJ, Krauss RM, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Martin NG, Marz W, McCarthy MI, McKenzie CA, Meneton P, Metspalu A, Moilanen L, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Njolstad I, Pedersen NL, Power C, Pramstaller PP, Price JF, Psaty BM, Quertermous T, Rauramaa R, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Sanghera DK, Saramies J, Schwarz PE, Sheu WH, Shuldiner AR, Siegbahn A, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Strachan DP, Tayo BO, Tremoli E, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, Wallentin L, Wareham NJ, Whitfield JB, Wolffenbuttel BH, Altshuler D, Ordovas JM, Boerwinkle E, Palmer CN, Thorsteinsdottir U, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Franks PW, Ripatti S, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Rich SS, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Mohlke KL, Ingelsson E, Abecasis GR, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Kathiresan S (2013) Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 45:1345–1352CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Elsayed EF, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ (2008) The relationship between nontraditional risk factors and outcomes in individuals with stage 3 to 4 CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 51:212–223CrossRef Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Elsayed EF, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ (2008) The relationship between nontraditional risk factors and outcomes in individuals with stage 3 to 4 CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 51:212–223CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Chawla V, Greene T, Beck GJ, Kusek JW, Collins AJ, Sarnak MJ, Menon V (2010) Hyperlipidemia and long-term outcomes in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:1582–1587CrossRef Chawla V, Greene T, Beck GJ, Kusek JW, Collins AJ, Sarnak MJ, Menon V (2010) Hyperlipidemia and long-term outcomes in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:1582–1587CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R (2010) Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 376:1670–1681CrossRef Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R (2010) Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 376:1670–1681CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Wanner C, Krane V, Marz W, Olschewski M, Mann JF, Ruf G, Ritz E, German D, Dialysis Study I (2005) Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 353:238–248CrossRef Wanner C, Krane V, Marz W, Olschewski M, Mann JF, Ruf G, Ritz E, German D, Dialysis Study I (2005) Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 353:238–248CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Fellstrom BC, Jardine AG, Schmieder RE, Holdaas H, Bannister K, Beutler J, Chae DW, Chevaile A, Cobbe SM, Gronhagen-Riska C, De Lima JJ, Lins R, Mayer G, McMahon AW, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Samuelsson O, Sonkodi S, Sci D, Suleymanlar G, Tsakiris D, Tesar V, Todorov V, Wiecek A, Wuthrich RP, Gottlow M, Johnsson E, Zannad F, Group AS (2009) Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 360:1395–1407CrossRef Fellstrom BC, Jardine AG, Schmieder RE, Holdaas H, Bannister K, Beutler J, Chae DW, Chevaile A, Cobbe SM, Gronhagen-Riska C, De Lima JJ, Lins R, Mayer G, McMahon AW, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Samuelsson O, Sonkodi S, Sci D, Suleymanlar G, Tsakiris D, Tesar V, Todorov V, Wiecek A, Wuthrich RP, Gottlow M, Johnsson E, Zannad F, Group AS (2009) Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 360:1395–1407CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, Emberson J, Wheeler DC, Tomson C, Wanner C, Krane V, Cass A, Craig J, Neal B, Jiang L, Hooi LS, Levin A, Agodoa L, Gaziano M, Kasiske B, Walker R, Massy ZA, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Krairittichai U, Ophascharoensuk V, Fellstrom B, Holdaas H, Tesar V, Wiecek A, Grobbee D, de Zeeuw D, Gronhagen-Riska C, Dasgupta T, Lewis D, Herrington W, Mafham M, Majoni W, Wallendszus K, Grimm R, Pedersen T, Tobert J, Armitage J, Baxter A, Bray C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hill M, Knott C, Parish S, Simpson D, Sleight P, Young A, Collins R, Investigators S (2011) The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 377:2181–2192CrossRef Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, Emberson J, Wheeler DC, Tomson C, Wanner C, Krane V, Cass A, Craig J, Neal B, Jiang L, Hooi LS, Levin A, Agodoa L, Gaziano M, Kasiske B, Walker R, Massy ZA, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Krairittichai U, Ophascharoensuk V, Fellstrom B, Holdaas H, Tesar V, Wiecek A, Grobbee D, de Zeeuw D, Gronhagen-Riska C, Dasgupta T, Lewis D, Herrington W, Mafham M, Majoni W, Wallendszus K, Grimm R, Pedersen T, Tobert J, Armitage J, Baxter A, Bray C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hill M, Knott C, Parish S, Simpson D, Sleight P, Young A, Collins R, Investigators S (2011) The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 377:2181–2192CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Herrington WG, Emberson J, Mihaylova B, Blackwell L, Reith C, Solbu MD, Mark PB, Fellstrom B, Jardine AG, Wanner C, Holdaas H, Fulcher J, Haynes R, Landray MJ, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R, Baigent C (2016) Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:829–839CrossRef Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C, Herrington WG, Emberson J, Mihaylova B, Blackwell L, Reith C, Solbu MD, Mark PB, Fellstrom B, Jardine AG, Wanner C, Holdaas H, Fulcher J, Haynes R, Landray MJ, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R, Baigent C (2016) Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:829–839CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Abifadel M, Varret M, Rabes JP, Allard D, Ouguerram K, Devillers M, Cruaud C, Benjannet S, Wickham L, Erlich D, Derre A, Villeger L, Farnier M, Beucler I, Bruckert E, Chambaz J, Chanu B, Lecerf JM, Luc G, Moulin P, Weissenbach J, Prat A, Krempf M, Junien C, Seidah NG, Boileau C (2003) Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet 34:154–156CrossRef Abifadel M, Varret M, Rabes JP, Allard D, Ouguerram K, Devillers M, Cruaud C, Benjannet S, Wickham L, Erlich D, Derre A, Villeger L, Farnier M, Beucler I, Bruckert E, Chambaz J, Chanu B, Lecerf JM, Luc G, Moulin P, Weissenbach J, Prat A, Krempf M, Junien C, Seidah NG, Boileau C (2003) Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet 34:154–156CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr., Hobbs HH (2006) Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 354:1264–1272CrossRef Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr., Hobbs HH (2006) Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 354:1264–1272CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, Graham R, Garcia CK, Hobbs HH (2005) Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet 37:161–165CrossRef Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, Graham R, Garcia CK, Hobbs HH (2005) Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet 37:161–165CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Tumanut C, Gavigan JA, Huang WJ, Hampton EN, Tumanut R, Suen KF, Trauger JW, Spraggon G, Lesley SA, Liau G, Yowe D, Harris JL (2007) Secreted PCSK9 promotes LDL receptor degradation independently of proteolytic activity. Biochem J 406:203–207CrossRef Li J, Tumanut C, Gavigan JA, Huang WJ, Hampton EN, Tumanut R, Suen KF, Trauger JW, Spraggon G, Lesley SA, Liau G, Yowe D, Harris JL (2007) Secreted PCSK9 promotes LDL receptor degradation independently of proteolytic activity. Biochem J 406:203–207CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz GG, Steg PG, Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Bittner VA, Diaz R, Edelberg JM, Goodman SG, Hanotin C, Harrington RA, Jukema JW, Lecorps G, Mahaffey KW, Moryusef A, Pordy R, Quintero K, Roe MT, Sasiela WJ, Tamby JF, Tricoci P, White HD, Zeiher AM, Committees OO, Investigators (2018) Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 379:2097–2107CrossRef Schwartz GG, Steg PG, Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Bittner VA, Diaz R, Edelberg JM, Goodman SG, Hanotin C, Harrington RA, Jukema JW, Lecorps G, Mahaffey KW, Moryusef A, Pordy R, Quintero K, Roe MT, Sasiela WJ, Tamby JF, Tricoci P, White HD, Zeiher AM, Committees OO, Investigators (2018) Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 379:2097–2107CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Wang H, Liu T, Wasserman SM, Sever PS, Pedersen TR, Committee FS, Investigators (2017) Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 376:1713–1722CrossRef Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Wang H, Liu T, Wasserman SM, Sever PS, Pedersen TR, Committee FS, Investigators (2017) Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 376:1713–1722CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Ridker PM, Revkin J, Amarenco P, Brunell R, Curto M, Civeira F, Flather M, Glynn RJ, Gregoire J, Jukema JW, Karpov Y, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, Lorenzatti A, Manga P, Masiukiewicz U, Miller M, Mosterd A, Murin J, Nicolau JC, Nissen S, Ponikowski P, Santos RD, Schwartz PF, Soran H, White H, Wright RS, Vrablik M, Yunis C, Shear CL, Tardif JC, Investigators SCO (2017) Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 376:1527–1539CrossRef Ridker PM, Revkin J, Amarenco P, Brunell R, Curto M, Civeira F, Flather M, Glynn RJ, Gregoire J, Jukema JW, Karpov Y, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, Lorenzatti A, Manga P, Masiukiewicz U, Miller M, Mosterd A, Murin J, Nicolau JC, Nissen S, Ponikowski P, Santos RD, Schwartz PF, Soran H, White H, Wright RS, Vrablik M, Yunis C, Shear CL, Tardif JC, Investigators SCO (2017) Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 376:1527–1539CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Sabatine MS, De Ferrari GM, Giugliano RP, Huber K, Lewis BS, Ferreira J, Kuder JF, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Kurtz CE, Honarpour N, Keech AC, Sever PS, Pedersen TR (2018) Clinical benefit of evolocumab by severity and extent of coronary artery disease. Circulation 138:756–766CrossRef Sabatine MS, De Ferrari GM, Giugliano RP, Huber K, Lewis BS, Ferreira J, Kuder JF, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Kurtz CE, Honarpour N, Keech AC, Sever PS, Pedersen TR (2018) Clinical benefit of evolocumab by severity and extent of coronary artery disease. Circulation 138:756–766CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Toth PP, Descamps O, Genest J, Sattar N, Preiss D, Dent R, Djedjos C, Wu Y, Geller M, Uhart M, Somaratne R, Wasserman SM, Investigators P (2017) Pooled safety analysis of evolocumab in over 6000 patients from double-blind and open-label extension studies. Circulation 135:1819–1831CrossRef Toth PP, Descamps O, Genest J, Sattar N, Preiss D, Dent R, Djedjos C, Wu Y, Geller M, Uhart M, Somaratne R, Wasserman SM, Investigators P (2017) Pooled safety analysis of evolocumab in over 6000 patients from double-blind and open-label extension studies. Circulation 135:1819–1831CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Toth PP, Dwyer JP, Cannon CP, Colhoun HM, Rader DJ, Upadhyay A, Louie MJ, Koren A, Letierce A, Mandel J, Banach M (2018) Efficacy and safety of lipid lowering by alirocumab in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 93:1397–1408CrossRef Toth PP, Dwyer JP, Cannon CP, Colhoun HM, Rader DJ, Upadhyay A, Louie MJ, Koren A, Letierce A, Mandel J, Banach M (2018) Efficacy and safety of lipid lowering by alirocumab in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 93:1397–1408CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Charytan DM, Sabatine MS, Pedersen TR, Im K, Park JG, Pineda AL, Wasserman SM, Deedwania P, Olsson AG, Sever PS, Keech AC, Giugliano RP, Committee FS, Investigators (2019) Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in chronic kidney disease in the FOURIER trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 73:2961–2970CrossRef Charytan DM, Sabatine MS, Pedersen TR, Im K, Park JG, Pineda AL, Wasserman SM, Deedwania P, Olsson AG, Sever PS, Keech AC, Giugliano RP, Committee FS, Investigators (2019) Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in chronic kidney disease in the FOURIER trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 73:2961–2970CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham IM, Halliday A, Landmesser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taskinen MR, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O, Group ESCSD (2020) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 41:111–188CrossRef Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham IM, Halliday A, Landmesser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taskinen MR, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O, Group ESCSD (2020) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 41:111–188CrossRef

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