Background
Methods
Study population
The questionnaire
Data analysis
Results
General characteristics of the participants
Characteristics of participants | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|
Demographic | ||
Gender | ||
Male | 435 | 40.0 |
Female | 653 | 60.0 |
Age (Std. Dev.) | 23(0.92) | |
Experiences and Attitudes | ||
Received PPD test | ||
Yes | 160 | 14.7 |
No | 928 | 85.3 |
Performed at least one PPD test | ||
Yes | 77 | 7.1 |
No | 1011 | 92.9 |
Observed at least one TB case | ||
Yes | 891 | 81.9 |
No | 197 | 18.1 |
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||
Yes | 929 | 85.4 |
No | 159 | 14.6 |
I’m at risk for TB | ||
Yes | 293 | 26.9 |
No | 795 | 73.1 |
Knowledge about the epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of TB
Correct answers | Mean percentage (%) |
---|---|
BCG is a vaccine for TB | 90.6 |
TB transmitted via airborne | 89.7 |
Higher incidence and delay in diagnosis of TB related to disequalities, Socio-economic issues and low resources of native country | 67.7 |
Prevalence of TB in India and China is highest | 64.9 |
Health operators, immigrants, elderly, children, immunosuppressed patients are at more risk of TB | 63.5 |
Masks are necessary for entering a room where an open TB patient stays | 55.9 |
The current TB vaccine is live attenuated vaccine | 52.2 |
Patients with both latent TB infection and HIV infection will increase the risk for developing active TB | 44.8 |
TB vaccination in low prevalence populations is not useful in controlling the spread of TB | 41.2 |
Isolate an open pulmonary TB patient using a negative pressure room | 38.7 |
HIV is strongly related with the TB bacillus | 37.7 |
The prevalence of TB in China is currently 60–70 cases per 100,000 people | 28.9 |
Mycobacterium Avium Complex is the most frequent aetiologic agent of TB | 6.4 |
Correct answers | Mean percentage (%) |
---|---|
Diagnosis | |
Sputum test is necessary to detect suspected pulmonary TB | 69.9 |
Chest x-ray is recommended when someone has a positive tuberculin skin test | 63.4 |
Lung, brain, kidney could be affected by M. Tuberculosis | 53.7 |
Positive intradermal reaction test indicates increased sensitization to drugs | 50.2 |
First contact with bacteria causes a primary complex | 47.9 |
Patients and health operators which come in contact with a TB patient should receive PPD test | 37.4 |
PPD test is positive from an induration diameter of 5 mm | 36.9 |
PPD test is an intradermal injection | 31.3 |
The immune response to TB is cell mediated | 27.4 |
“Quantiferon TB gold” test can differentiate infection from other reasons for testing positive | 22.7 |
It is an expression of immune response to mycobacterial antigens which is not a limit of tuberculin skin test. | 20.6 |
After 5 weeks, the primary infection does tuberculin test result will become positive | 19.5 |
Tine test is a multiple puncture test | 10.1 |
Koch bacillus identification is always performed through Ziehl–Neelsen stain | 8.8 |
Treatment | |
Penicillin G is not useful for TB treatment | 74.9 |
In case of positive PPD test in an exposed health operator, he/she should be assessed for further investigations and for prophylactic treatment with isoniazid | 61.3 |
Prophylactic treatment with isoniazid is implemented to close contacts resulted negative to the test | 46.6 |
Consider an active TB woman in homecare therapy who has recently discovered to be pregnant, she should be informed that tuberculosis does not increase the risk of miscarriage and treatment should be changed because there is a potential risk of toxicity for the child | 35.7 |
TB patient supposed to be hospitalized for an effective treatment every 7–10 days | 19.2 |
Determinants of TB knowledge
Epidemiology and prevention | Diagnosis | Treatment | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean score | P-value | Mean score | P-value | Mean score | P-value | Mean score | P-value | |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 51.8 | 0.316 | 35.8 | 0.801 | 48.9 | 0.092 | 44.4 | 0.947 |
Female | 52.9 | 35.6 | 46.6 | 44.3 | ||||
Age | ||||||||
< 23 | 49.6 | 0.001 | 31.7 | < 0.001 | 43.5 | < 0.001 | 40.8 | < 0.001 |
≥ 23 | 53.6 | 37.2 | 49.0 | 45.7 | ||||
Received PPD test | ||||||||
Yes | 54.2 | 0.153 | 38.0 | 0.070 | 47.5 | 0.990 | 46.3 | 0.047 |
No | 52.2 | 35.3 | 47.5 | 44.0 | ||||
Performed at least one PPD test | ||||||||
Yes | 53.9 | 0.426 | 36.8 | 0.523 | 47.5 | 0.990 | 45.5 | 0.462 |
No | 52.4 | 35.6 | 47.5 | 44.3 | ||||
Observed at least one TB case | ||||||||
Yes | 54.4 | < 0.001 | 37.2 | < 0.001 | 50.0 | < 0.001 | 46.2 | < 0.001 |
No | 43.9 | 29.0 | 36.0 | 36.2 | ||||
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||||||||
Yes | 54.3 | < 0.001 | 37.1 | < 0.001 | 49.5 | < 0.001 | 46.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 42.1 | 27.5 | 35.7 | 34.7 | ||||
I’m at risk for TB | ||||||||
Yes | 53.2 | 0.395 | 35.1 | 0.429 | 45.5 | 0.072 | 44.0 | 0.651 |
No | 52.2 | 35.9 | 48.3 | 44.5 |
β |
S
b
| b’ | t |
P
| 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epidemiology and prevention | ||||||
constant | 40.8 | 1.3 | 30.6 | < 0.001 | (38.2, 43.5) | |
Observed at least one TB case | ||||||
Yes | 5.6 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 0.001 | (2.4, 8.9) |
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||||||
Yes | 8.2 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 4.5 | < 0.001 | (4.6, 11.8) |
Diagnosis | ||||||
constant | 24.8 | 1.4 | 17.8 | < 0.001 | (22.0, 27.5) | |
Age | ||||||
≥ 23 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 3.6 | < 0.001 | (1.8, 6.1) |
Observed at least one TB case | ||||||
Yes | 3.9 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 0.015 | (0.8, 7.1) |
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||||||
Yes | 5.7 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.001 | (2.2, 9.2) |
Treatment | ||||||
constant | 34.2 | 1.8 | 18.7 | < 0.001 | (30.6, 37.8) | |
Observed at least one TB case | ||||||
Yes | 10.1 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 4.5 | < 0.001 | (5.68, 14.5) |
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||||||
Yes | 7.0 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 0.005 | (2.2, 11.8) |
I am at risk for TB | ||||||
Yes | −3.5 | 1.5 | −0.1 | −2.4 | 0.019 | (−6.5, −0.6) |
Total | ||||||
constant | 32.1 | 1.1 | 28.3 | < 0.001 | (29.9, 34.4) | |
Age | ||||||
≥ 23 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.002 | (1.1, 4. 6) |
Observed at least one TB case | ||||||
Yes | 5.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 4.2 | < 0.001 | (2.9, 8.1) |
Observed at least one X-ray of TB case | ||||||
Yes | 6.7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 4.6 | < 0.001 | (3.8, 9.5) |