Background
Assessment of ADHD using ratings and tests
Objective measures
Test battery of attention
The Quantified Behavior Test
Aim of the present study
Methods
Participants and procedure
Adults | Children | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD | Controls | ADHD | Controls | |
n | 38 | 38 | 30 | 30 |
Mean age (SD) | 35.1 (11.7) | 32.2 (9.6) | 8.9 (1.4) | 8.7 (1.2) |
Gender | ||||
Male (%) | 25 (65.8) | 29 (65.8) | 21 (70) | 19 (63.3) |
Female (%) | 13 (34.2) | 16 (34.2) | 9 (30) | 11 (36.7) |
Mean IQ (SD) | N/A | N/A | 113.1 (11.6) | 125.8 (10.8) |
Measures
Conners ADHD rating scales self- and observer rating long version (CAARS-L: S/O)
Conners-3 parent/teacher ratings
Quantified Behavior Test for adolescents and adults (Qb+©)
Quantified Behavior Test for children aged 6–12 (QbTest)
Test battery of attention for adolescents and adults and for children aged 6–11 (TAP/KiTAP)
Analyses
Variable preparation
Individual scan classification
Results
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 age | – | |||||||||||||||||||
2 CAARS: S DSM IA | .04 | – | ||||||||||||||||||
3 CAARS: S DSM HY/Imp | .16 | .03 | – | |||||||||||||||||
4 CAARS: S DSM ADHD | .16 | .50** | .88** | – | ||||||||||||||||
5 CAARS: O DSM IA | − .02 | .41** | .10 | .29* | – | |||||||||||||||
6 CAARS: O DSM HY/Imp | .16 | .02 | .53** | .47** | − .00 | – | ||||||||||||||
7 CAARS: O DSM ADHD | .16 | .12 | .54** | .52** | .24* | .97** | – | |||||||||||||
8 TAP1 reaction time | .22 | .21 | .14 | .22 | .17 | − .06 | − .05 | – | ||||||||||||
9 TAP1 RT SD | − .08 | .15 | .09 | .15 | .33** | − .13 | − .05 | .43** | – | |||||||||||
10 TAP1 errors | − .21 | .05 | − .04 | − .02 | .18 | .15 | .19 | − .28* | .13 | – | ||||||||||
11 TAP1 omission errors | − .19 | .09 | .12 | .15 | .24* | .10 | .15 | .14 | .43** | .12 | – | |||||||||
12 TAP2 errors | − .08 | − .13 | .04 | − .03 | .14 | .06 | .09 | .15 | .36** | .21 | − .01 | – | ||||||||
13 TAP2 omission errors | .09 | .25* | .14 | .24* | .34** | .07 | .15 | .25* | .19 | .11 | .25* | .10 | – | |||||||
14 TAP3 reaction time | .33** | .10 | .02 | .06 | .18 | .03 | .07 | .55** | .25* | − .03 | .06 | .10 | .17 | – | ||||||
15 TAP3 RT SD | .09 | .03 | − .01 | .01 | .13 | .03. | .06 | .11 | .34** | .03 | .15 | .05 | .12 | .43** | – | |||||
16 TAP3 errors | − .03 | − .02 | .19 | .16 | .13 | − .03 | .01 | .00 | .13 | .18 | .27* | .22 | .09 | − .15 | .05 | – | ||||
17 TAP3 omission errors | .10 | .29* | .18 | .30** | .48** | .06 | .18 | .20 | .28* | .12 | .35** | .11 | .39** | .41** | .33** | .26* | – | |||
18 Qb activity | − .02 | .20 | .18 | .25* | .38** | − .07 | .02 | .26* | .29* | .06 | .21 | .17 | .10 | .33** | .16 | .15 | .43** | – | ||
19 Qb impulsivity | .13 | .12 | .01 | .07 | .26* | .15 | .21 | − .09 | .13 | .36** | .39** | .22 | .38** | − .06 | .15 | .51** | .37** | .05 | – | |
20 Qb inattention | .26* | .14 | .11 | .17 | .32** | .07 | .15 | .50** | .29* | .19 | .11 | .29* | .20 | .65** | .39** | .11 | .53** | .45** | .13 | – |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 age | – | |||||||||||||||||||
2 IQ | .01 | – | ||||||||||||||||||
3 CP DSM inattention | − .15 | − .41** | – | |||||||||||||||||
4 CP DSM HY/Imp | − .31* | − .18 | .70** | – | ||||||||||||||||
5 CP ADHD index | − .27* | − .38* | .89** | .82** | – | |||||||||||||||
6 KiTAP1 RT | − .21 | − .10 | .19 | .21 | .22 | – | ||||||||||||||
7 KiTAP1 RT SD | − .02 | − .23 | .04 | .09 | .13 | .44** | – | |||||||||||||
8 KiTAP1errors | − .11 | − .01 | − .21 | − .21 | − .20 | − .40** | .04 | – | ||||||||||||
9 KiTAP1omission errors | − .02 | .11 | − .14 | − .04 | − .17 | .01 | .12 | .14 | – | |||||||||||
10 KiTAP2 RT | − .29* | − .15 | .24 | .22 | .25 | .53** | .23 | − .01 | − .11 | – | ||||||||||
11 KiTAP2 RT SD | − .11 | − .09 | − .07 | − .12 | − .02 | − .03 | .20 | .20 | − .06 | .14 | – | |||||||||
12 KiTAP2 errors | − .16 | − .25 | − .04 | − .06 | − .07 | − .09 | .25 | .26* | − .05 | .09 | .32* | – | ||||||||
13 KiTAP2 omission errors | − .18 | − .18 | .13 | .04 | .15 | .02 | .15 | − .01 | − .05 | .07 | .39* | .54** | – | |||||||
14 KiTAP3 RT | − .33* | − .10 | − .09 | .03 | .05 | .58** | .32* | − .11 | .03 | .50** | .06 | .09 | .17 | – | ||||||
15 KiTAP3 RT SD | − .15 | − .27* | .05 | .04 | .10 | .35** | .32* | − .17 | .04 | .26* | .10 | .17 | .14 | .44** | – | |||||
16 KiTAP3 errors | − .00 | − .11 | .23 | .18 | .22 | − .01 | .21 | .30* | − .04 | − .09 | .01 | .13 | .06 | − .01 | .30* | – | ||||
17 KiTAP3 omission errors | − .26* | − .26* | .19 | .20 | .35** | .21 | .51** | .15 | .03 | .23 | .27* | .30* | .37** | .36** | .44** | .26* | – | |||
18 Qb activity | .03 | − .33* | − .02 | .05 | .01 | .00 | .04 | .05 | .11 | .03 | − .12 | .06 | .12 | .20 | .14 | .23 | − .04 | – | ||
19 Qb impulsivity | .01 | − .30* | .15 | .08 | .21 | − .26* | .11 | .37** | − .09 | − .10 | .36** | .18 | .10 | − .20 | − .00 | .47** | .01 | .18 | – | |
20 Qb inattention | .27* | − .35** | .13 | − .03 | .12 | .17 | .23 | − .02 | .14 | .25 | .13 | − .05 | .19 | .31* | .27* | .25* | .23 | .41** | .22 | – |
Prediction of ADHD diagnosis in adults
Prediction of ADHD diagnosis in children
Adult prediction | Child prediction | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
All variables | Objective variables | All variables | Objective variables | |
Accuracy (%) | 89.5 | 79.0 | 86.7 | 78.0 |
Sensitivity | .90 | .82 | .83 | .80 |
Specificity | .90 | .76 | .90 | .77 |