Introduction
Methods
Results
Characteristic | Subchorionic Hematoma (n = 632) | No Subchorionic Hematoma (n = 587) |
P
|
---|---|---|---|
Maternal age (year) | 28.76 ± 4.04 | 28.88 ± 4.27 | 0.620 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.70 (19.00, 22.90) | 20.50 (19.00, 22.10) | 0.169 |
Gravidity | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.137 |
Parity | 1 (1, 2) | 1(1, 2) | 0.659 |
Number of previous abortions | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.085 |
Gestational age at first B-ultrasound (week) | 6.72 (6.57, 7.86) | 6.86 (6.14, 7.43) | 0.083 |
Perinatal outcomes in subchorionic hematoma pregnancies versus no subchorionic hematoma pregnancies
Subchorionic Hematoma (n = 701) | No Subchorionic Hematoma (n = 640) | OR (95%CI) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spontaneous abortion | 69 (9.8) | 53 (8.3) | 1.209 (0.831–1.760) | 0.321 |
Mothers with live birth
| (n = 632) | (n = 587) | ||
Gestational hypothyroidism | 69 (10.9) | 67 (11.4) | 0.951 (0.666–1.359) | 0.783 |
ICP | 16 (2.5) | 11 (1.9) | 1.360 (0.626–2.955) | 0.436 |
TPROM | 115 (18.2) | 87 (14.8) | 1.278 (0.943–1.733) | 0.113 |
PPROM | 15 (2.4) | 8(1.4) | 1.760 (0.740–4.181) | 0.195 |
GDM | 133 (21.0) | 114 (19.4) | 1.106 (1.006–1.761) | 0.045a |
HDP | 48 (7.6) | 31 (5.3) | 1.474 (0.925–2.350) | 0.101 |
Oligohydramnios | 47 (7.4) | 31 (5.3) | 1.441 (0.902–2.301) | 0.124 |
Gestational thrombocytopenia | 32 (5.1) | 8 (1.4) | 3.860 (1.764–8.447) | < 0.001a |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 28 (4.4) | 14 (2.4) | 1.897 (0.989–3.640) | 0.050 |
Placenta adhesion | 57 (9.0) | 21 (3.6) | 2.672 (1.599–4.465) | <0.001a |
IAI | 232 (36.8) | 204 (34.8) | 1.092 (0.863–1.380) | 0.464 |
Neonates
| (n = 632) | (n = 587) | ||
Neonatal asphyxia | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 1.240 (0.276–5.563) | > 0.999 |
1-min Apgar score (≤ 7) | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 1.240 (0.276–5.563) | > 0.999 |
FGR | 26 (4.1) | 6 (1.0) | 4.155 (1.698–10.167) | 0.001a |
Macrosomia | 34 (5.4) | 4 (0.7) | 8.287 (2.922–23.499) | <0.001a |
Preterm birth | 34 (5.4) | 32 (5.5) | 0.986 (0.600–1.620) | 0.956 |
Relationship between the size of subchorionic hematoma and perinatal outcomes
N (%) (n = 701) | OR (95%CI) |
P
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spontaneous abortion | 69 (9.8) | 0.964 (0.916–1.013) | 0.149 | 0.975 (0.927–1.025) | 0.314 |
Mothers with live birth
| (n = 632) | ||||
Gestational hypothyroidism | 69 (10.9) | 1.048 (1.006–1.091) | 0.025 | 1.029 (1.004–1.054) | 0.021a |
ICP | 16 (2.5) | 1.067 (1.013–1.123) | 0.013 | 1.095 (1.047–1.146) | <0.001a |
TPROM | 115 (16.3) | 1.036(0.998–1.075) | 0.066 | 1.044(1.005–1.085) | 0.029a |
PPROM | 15 (2.1) | 0.956(0.802–1.139) | 0.614 | 0.972(0.809–1.169) | 0.766 |
GDM | 133 (21.0) | 0.960 (0.902–1.022) | 0.205 | 0.986 (0.956–1.018) | 0.383 |
HDP | 48 (7.6) | 1.011 (0.955–1.070) | 0.714 | 1.030 (1.0004-1.060) | 0.048a |
Oligohydramnios | 47 (7.4) | 0.999 (0.935–1.067) | 0.970 | 1.000 (0.967–1.034) | 0.994 |
Gestational thrombocytopenia | 32 (5.1) | 1.072 (1.023–1.123) | 0.004 | 1.078 (1.045–1.113) | <0.001a |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 28 (4.4) | 1.010 (0.939–1.086) | 0.791 | 1.004(0.966–1.094) | 0.842 |
Placenta adhesion | 57 (9.0) | 1.084 (1.037–1.134) | 0.000 | 1.054 (1.027–1.082) | <0.001a |
IAI | 232 (36.7) | 1.013 (0.979–1.049) | 0.454 | 1.007 (0.989–1.024) | 0.470 |
Neonates
| (n = 632) | ||||
Neonatal asphyxia | 4 (0.6) | 1.020 (0.871–1.194) | 0.807 | 1.021 (0.929–1.122) | 0.668 |
1-min Apgar score (≤ 7) | 4 (0.6) | 1.020 (0.871–1.194) | 0.807 | 1.021 (0.929–1.122) | 0.668 |
FGR | 26 (4.1) | 1.066 (1.017–1.118) | 0.008 | 1.028 (1.009–1.063) | <0.001a |
Macrosomia | 34 (5.4) | 0.999 (0.964–1.036) | 0.960 | 1.000 (0.962–1.039) | 0.991 |
Preterm birth | 34 (5.4) | 1.001 (0.929–1.078) | 0.977 | 0.999 (0.961–1.038) | 0.962 |
No hematoma (n = 587) | <25%ile (< 0.4190cm3) (n = 152) | 25-50%ile (0.4190-0.9900cm3) (n = 159) | 50-75%ile (0.9900-2.4390cm3) (n = 155) | >75%ile (> 2.4390cm3) (n = 166) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | ||
Mothers with live birth
| |||||
Gestational hypothyroidism | 1(Reference) | 0.857(0.474–1.550) 0.610 | 0.829(0.459–1.498) 0.535 | 1.203(0.702–2.061) 0.502 | 1.032(0.597–1.784) 0.911 |
ICP | 1(Reference) | 0.631(0.133–3.005) 0.563 | 0.352(0.045–2.779) 0.322 | 1.411(0.426–4.673) 0.573 | 3.085(1.188–8.010) 0.021a |
TPROM | 1(Reference) | 1.536(0.965–2.446) 0.070 | 0.692(0.399-1.200) 0.190 | 1.206(0.747–1.945) 0.444 | 1.581(1.004–2.487) 0.048a |
HDP | 1(Reference) | 1.287(0.610–2.713) 0.508 | 1.866(0.957–3.639) 0.067 | 1.301(0.616–2.746) 0.491 | 1.864(0.950–3.656) 0.070a |
Gestational thrombocytopenia | 1(Reference) | 1.983(0.585–6.721) 0.272 | 1.413(0.365–5.474) 0.617 | 3.386(1.142–10.041) 0.028 a | 10.685(4.483–25.469) <0.001a |
Placenta adhesion | 1(Reference) | 1.421(0.608–3.320) 0.418 | 1.715(0.761–3.863) 0.193 | 2.343(1.087–5.053) 0.030 a | 6.817(3.667–12.673) <0.001a |
Neonates
| |||||
FGR | 1(Reference) | 1.847(0.441–7.735) 0.401 | 1.994(0.487–8.167) 0.337 | 5.314(1.705–16.560) 0.004 a | 10.211(3.643–28.623) <0.001a |
Relationship between duration of subchorionic hematoma and perinatal outcomes
N (%) (n = 632) | OR (95%CI) |
P
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers with live birth
| |||||
Gestational hypothyroidism | 69 (10.9) | 1.017 (0.965–1.071) | 0.530 | 1.024 (0.972–1.079) | 0.370 |
ICP | 16 (2.5) | 1.008 (0.907–1.121) | 0.882 | 1.018 (0.915–1.133) | 0.745 |
TPROM | 115 (16.3) | 1.065(1.023–1.108) | 0.002 a | 1.070(1.027–1.115) | 0.001a |
PPROM | 15 (2.1) | 0.901(0.766–1.059) | 0.204 | 0.927(0.794–1.082) | 0.927 |
GDM | 133 (21.0) | 1.940 (1.890–1.992) | 0.025 a | 1.938 (1.886–1.993) | 0.027a |
HDP | 48 (7.6) | 0.991 (0.927–1.060) | 0.790 | 0.999 (0.933–1.071) | 0.986 |
Oligohydramnios | 47 (7.4) | 1.048 (0.992–1.108) | 0.095 | 1.054 (0.997–1.114) | 0.065 |
Gestational thrombocytopenia | 32 (5.1) | 0.996 (0.919–1.078) | 0.914 | 1.009 (0.931–1.093) | 0.831 |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 28 (4.4) | 0.914 (0.815–1.026) | 0.126 | 0.916 (0.815–1.028) | 0.137 |
Placenta adhesion | 57 (9.0) | 1.029 (0.975–1.086) | 0.301 | 1.036 (0.980–1.096) | 0.207 |
IAI | 232 (36.7) | 0.964 (0.928–1.001) | 0.060 | 0.968 (0.931–1.006) | 0.099 |
Neonates
| |||||
Neonatal asphyxia | 4 (0.6) | 0.975 (0.767–1.241) | 0.839 | 0.971 (0.738–1.278) | 0.833 |
1-min Apgar score (≤ 7) | 4 (0.6) | 0.975 (0.767–1.241) | 0.839 | 0.971 (0.738–1.278) | 0.833 |
FGR | 26 (4.1) | 1.195 (1.127–1.267) | <0.001 a | 1.194 (1.124–1.268) | <0.001a |
Macrosomia | 34 (5.4) | 1.036 (0.970–1.107) | 0.289 | 1.042 (0.970–1.120) | 0.255 |
Preterm birth | 34 (5.4) | 0.991 (0.916–1.073) | 0.828 | 0.998 (0.923–1.080) | 0.967 |
No hematoma (n = 587) | <25%ile(< 2.86w) (n = 152) | 25-50%ile (2.86-5.43w) (n = 159) | 50-75%ile (5.43-6.86w) (n = 155) | >75%ile (> 6.86w) (n = 166) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | aOR (95%CI) P | ||
Mothers with live birth
| |||||
TPROM | 1(Reference) | 0.934(0.523–1.668) 0.818 | 0.881(0.532–1.460) 0.623 | 1.152(0.712–1.864) 0.564 | 1.874(1.225–2.867) 0.004a |
GDM | 1(Reference) | 0.920(0.553–1.531) 0.749 | 0.800(0.500-1.279) 0.350 | 1.099(0.724–1.669) 0.657 | 2.256(1.343–3.787) 0.002a |
Neonates
| |||||
FGR | 1(Reference) | 0.925(0.109–7.842) 0.943 | 1.115(0.216–5.748) 0.895 | 1.895(0.458–7.840) 0.378 | 13.355(5.114–34.874) <0.001a |