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Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology 2/2022

05.08.2021 | Original Article

Belimumab for the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: the BELNEPH study

verfasst von: Marina Vivarelli, Manuela Colucci, Antonio Gargiulo, Chiara Bettini, Anna Lo Russo, Francesco Emma

Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology | Ausgabe 2/2022

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Abstract

Background

Effectiveness of rituximab in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome suggests that B cells play a pathogenic role. We tested safety and efficacy of the B-cell-modulating agent belimumab in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS).

Methods

An open-label, prospective, single-arm pilot study (EUDRACT 2017-003839-11) was designed to treat 10 children with FRNS with i.v. belimumab for 12 months. Prednisone was tapered/stopped. Safety, number of relapses, cumulative prednisone dose and B-cell subset "levels" are referred to both B cell subset and immunoglobulin.

Results

Five patients were enrolled, and four reached the primary 6-month endpoint. Of these, two completed the 12-month endpoint. Three patients experienced ≥2 relapses while on belimumab, requiring additional immunosuppression. Compared to the 6 months before belimumab treatment, the mean number of relapses (1.4 vs. 2, p=0.21) and the mean cumulative prednisone dose (1.86 vs. 2.62 g/m2, p=0.17) were not significantly reduced during the 6 months on belimumab. This study was terminated by the steering committee after the interim evaluation because belimumab failed to show clear benefits to counterbalance the inconvenience of monthly i.v. infusion. During follow-up, total and mature-naïve B cells decreased, while no change in memory B-cells was observed. Serum immunoglobulins remained stable. No infusion reaction was observed.

Conclusions

Short-term treatment with belimumab in pediatric FRNS was well tolerated. The number of patients was too small to draw conclusions on efficacy. Nonetheless, we did not observe clear improvements. The burden of monthly in-hospital i.v. infusions outweighed potential benefits. Persistence of circulating memory B cells supports their pathogenic role in the disease.

Graphical abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Metadaten
Titel
Belimumab for the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: the BELNEPH study
verfasst von
Marina Vivarelli
Manuela Colucci
Antonio Gargiulo
Chiara Bettini
Anna Lo Russo
Francesco Emma
Publikationsdatum
05.08.2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Nephrology / Ausgabe 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05175-9

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