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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 5/2011

01.05.2011 | Leitthema

Bildgebung bei Autismusspektrumstörungen

Eine Übersicht

verfasst von: Dr. I. Dziobek, S. Köhne

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 5/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Die stetig steigende Anzahl funktionell und strukturell bildgebender Studien in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten hat maßgeblich zum Verständnis der neurobiologischen Basis von Autismusspektrumstörungen („autism spectrum disorders“ ASD) beigetragen. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Studien zu den neuronalen Grundlagen der Symptomtrias (Störung der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation, repetitives und restriktives Verhalten) und zu angenommenen zugrunde liegenden neuropsychologischen Beeinträchtigungen (Theory of Mind, Exekutivfunktionen, zentrale Kohärenz), ergänzt durch konsistente Befunde zu strukturellen Veränderungen des Gehirns. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass, obwohl kognitive Funktionen bei ASD generell durch die gleichen Gehirnareale vermittelt werden wie bei typisch entwickelten Menschen, sich das Ausmaß der Aktivierungen, vor allem aber die Aktivierungsmuster unterscheiden. Zunehmend setzt sich daher die Hypothese einer geringeren Konnektivität rekrutierter kortikaler Netzwerke gegen die Annahme durch, dass einzelne Gehirnareale betroffen sind.
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Metadaten
Titel
Bildgebung bei Autismusspektrumstörungen
Eine Übersicht
verfasst von
Dr. I. Dziobek
S. Köhne
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3240-0

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