Background
Methods
Study design and study site
Inclusion criteria
Collection of samples
Swab sample collection
Specimen processing and culturing
Storage
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics of study population
Mamprobi (Accra) N = 200 (Range) | Dangme West (Dodowa)
N = 200 (Range) |
P values or Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)a
| |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal age group | |||
< 20 | 14c
| 0 | |
20–30 | 118 | 128 | |
> 30 | 67 | 72 | |
Unknownb
| 1 | 0 | |
Mean age | 27.99 (15–42) | 28.97 (21–44) |
P = 0.06 (−1.98 – −0.04) |
Parity | |||
0 | 43 | 24 | |
1 | 56 | 68 | |
> 1 | 78 | 108 | |
Unknownb
| 23 | 0 | |
Mean parity | 1.5 (0–7) | 1.9 (0–5) |
P = 0.01 (−0.62 – −0.08)* |
Abortion | |||
0 | 114 | 132 | |
1 | 30 | 48 | |
> 1 | 14 | 20 | |
Unknownb
| 42 | 0 | |
Mean abortion | 0.4 (0–6) | 0.5 (0–5) |
P = 0.33 (−0.27–0.09) |
Education | |||
None or Primary | 54 | 56 | |
Secondary or more | 142 | 144 | OR = 1.02 (0.66–1.59), P = 0.921 |
Unknownb
| 4 | 0 | |
Urinary tract infection (UTI) | |||
Yes | 11 | 12 | |
No | 187 | 120 | OR = 0.59 (0.25–1.38)
P = 0.217 |
Unknownb
| 2 | 68 |
The GBS prevalence for the various sites.
GBS serotype | Mamprobi (Accra)b
N = 200 | Dangme West (Dodowa)b
N = 200 |
---|---|---|
Ia | 2 | 0 |
Ib | 0 | 0 |
II | 1 | 0 |
III | 2 | 4 |
IV | 3 | 6a
|
V | 3 | 4 |
VI | 0 | 0 |
VII | 24 | 20 |
VIII | 3 | 4 |
IX | 18 | 14a
|
Total number | 56 | 51 (52 isolates)a
|
Percentage carriage | 28.0 95% CI (21.9–34.8) | 25.5.0 95% CI (19.6–32.1) |
Association between social demographic factors and GBS colonization
Risk factors for Mamprobi
GBS carriage (N = 56) | No GBS carriage (N = 144) | OR | 95% CI |
P valuesa
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age group | |||||
< 20 and >30 | 29 | 51 | 1 | ||
20–30 | 27 | 92 | 0.52 | 0.28–0.97 |
P = 0.037* |
Unknownb
| 0 | 1 | |||
Parity | |||||
0 | 11 | 32 | 1 | ||
> 0 | 38 | 96 | 1.15 | 0.53–2.52 |
P = 0.723 |
Unknownb
| 7 | 16 | |||
Abortion | |||||
0 | 42 | 72 | 1 | ||
> 0 | 14 | 30 | 0.80 | 0.38–1.68 |
P = 0.554 |
Unknownb
| 0 | 42 | |||
Educational level | |||||
None or primary | 15 | 39 | 1 | ||
Junior high school, Senior high school and Post secondary | 40 | 102 | 1.02 | 0.51–2.05 |
P = 0.957 |
Unknownb
| 1 | 3 | |||
Urinary tract infections (UTI) | |||||
Yes | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
No | 52 | 135 | 0.97 | 0.25–3.81 |
P = 0.969 |
Unknownb
| 1 | 1 |
Risk factors for Dangme west
GBS carriage (N = 51) | No GBS carriage (N = 149) | OR | 95% CI |
P-valuea
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age group | |||||
< 20 and >30 | 31 | 41 | 1 | ||
20–30 | 20 | 108 | 0.24 | 0.13–0.48 |
P < 0.001* |
Unknownb
| 0 | 0 | |||
Parity | |||||
0 | 0 | 24 | 1 | ||
> 0 | 51 | 125 | 10.31c
| 1.36–78.14 |
P = 0.006* |
Unknownb
| 0 | 0 | |||
Abortion | |||||
0 | 28 | 104 | 1 | ||
> 0 | 23 | 45 | 1.90 | 0.99–3.65 |
P = 0.053 |
Unknownb
| 0 | 0 | |||
Education level | |||||
None or primary | 12 | 44 | 1 | ||
Junior high school, Senior high school and Post secondary. | 39 | 105 | 1.36 | 0.65–2.84 |
P = 0.41 |
Urinary tract infections (UTI) | |||||
Yes | 3 | 12 | 1 | ||
No | 28 | 120 | 1.10 | 0.28–4.32 |
P = 0.897 |
Unknownb
| 20 | 17 |