Background
Methods
Study design and subjects
Assessment of coronary artery calcium
Baseline characteristics
Statistical analysis
Results
Total | |
---|---|
N (%) | 163 (100) |
Age, mean (SD) | 48.2 (10.4) |
Male sex, n (%) | 96 (58.9) |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 109 (66.9) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 34 (20.9) |
Smoking, n (%) | 124 (76.1) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 62 (38.0) |
Obesity, n (%) | 63 (38.7) |
LDL, unmeasurable, n (%) | 12 (7.4) |
mean (SD) | 2.5 (0.9) |
HDL, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.4) |
Triglyceride, mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.3) |
CAC score | |
25th percentile | 0 |
50th percentile | 0 |
75th percentile | 6 |
90th percentile | 114 |
Duration of schizophrenia | |
n (%) | 141 (100) |
mean years (SD) | 19.7 (8.2) |
Severity of schizophreniaa | |
n (%) | 155 (100) |
Normal, not at all ill (1 point) | 1 (0.6) |
Borderline mentally ill (2 points) | 23 (15) |
Mildly ill (3 points) | 45 (29) |
Moderately ill (4 points) | 49 (32) |
Markedly ill (5 points) | 26 (17) |
Severely ill (6 points) | 10 (6) |
Among the most extremely ill (7 points) | 1 (0.6) |
CGI-SCH scorea, mean (SD) | 3.7 (1.2) |
Clozapine treatment, n (%) | 41 (25.2) |
Variables | CAC score = 0 | CAC score > 0 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 114 (69.9) | 49 (30.1) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 44.5 (9.1) | 56.9 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
Male sex, n (%) | 65 (57.0) | 31 (63.3) | 0.457 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 70 (63.6) | 39 (79.6) | 0.045 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 20 (17.5) | 14 (28.6) | 0.112 |
Smoking, n (%) | 80 (70.2) | 44 (89.8) | 0.007 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 38 (33.3) | 24 (48.8) | 0.059 |
Obesity, n (%) | 46 (40.4) | 17 (34.7) | 0.496 |
LDL, unmeasurable, n (%) | 9 (8.4) | 3 (6.1) | |
LDL, measurable, n (%) | 98 (91.6) | 46 (93.9) | |
mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | |
HDL, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.5) | |
Triglyceride, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.5 (3.0) | |
CAC score | |||
25th percentile | 13 | ||
50th percentile | 35 | ||
75th percentile | 221 | ||
90th percentile | 783 | ||
Severity of schizophreniaa | |||
CGI-SCH scorea, mean (SD) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.3) | 0.545 |
Duration of schizophrenia | |||
mean years (SD) | 17. 8 (7.6) | 24.1 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
Clozapine treatment, n (%) | 33 (28.9) | 8 (16.3) | 0.089 |
Regression analysis
Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age | 1.19 (1.12–1.26) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 1.33 (0.47–0.67) | 0.415 | 3.15 (1.16–8.52) | 0.024 |
Dyslipidemia | 2.23 (1.01–4.94) | 0.048 | 1.48 (0.52–4.23) | 0.465 |
Diabetes | 2.19 (0.98–4.90) | 0.057 | 1.75 (0.60–5.16) | 0.308 |
Smoking | 3.94 (1.43–10.8) | 0.008 | 3.95 (1.16–13.48) | 0.028 |
Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff (95% CI) | Percent increase in CAC score (95% CI)a | P-value | Coeff (95% CI) | Percent increase in CAC score (95% CI)a | P-value | |
Age | 0.06 (0.03–0.09) | 15% (7–24%) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.04–0.10) | 16% (9–25%) | < 0.001 |
Male sex | −0.35 (−0.91–0.22) | −55% (−88–164%) | 0.222 | −0.05 (−0.53–0.44) | −11% (68–173%) | 0.839 |
Dyslipidemia | 0.08 (−0.60–0.76) | 19% (−75–472%) | 0.822 | 0.17 (− 0.40–0.73) | 47% (−60–436%) | 0.556 |
Diabetes | 0.76 (0.20–1.33) | 577% (57–2020%) | 0.009 | 0.71 (0.23–1.20) | 419% (68–1500%) | 0.005 |
Smoking | 0.05 (−0.55–1.25) | 126% (−72–1695%) | 0.434 | 0.55 (− 0.19–1.28) | 250% (−35–1792%) | 0.140 |
Variables | Logistic regression | Linear regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | Coeff | P-value | |
LDL | 1.21 (0.69–2.11) | 0.505 | −1.93 (−0.48–0.09) | 0.178 |
Triglyceride | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.609 | −0.01 (− 0.08–0.07) | 0.849 |
HDL | 0.93 (0.31–2.83) | 0.905 | −0.07 (− 0.60–0.46) | 0.805 |
Statin treatment | 1.38 (0.47–4.05) | 0.561 | −0.08 (− 0.58–0.41) | 0.733 |
HbA1c | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.770 | 0.02 (−0.00–0.04) | 0.101 |
Antidiabetic medication | 1.69 (0.55–5.17) | 0.357 | 0.66 (0.15–1.18) | 0.013 |