Introduction
Methods
Sampling and data collection
Measures
Outcome variables
Exposure variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics
Variable | Result |
---|---|
Age in years, mean (SD) | 71.01(6.29) |
Age group, years, n(%) | |
60–69 | 2,828(51.56%) |
70–79 | 2,042(37.23%) |
>80 | 615(11.21%) |
Personal Annual Income, CNY, mean (SD) | 19156.64(38910.92) |
Main income from pension, N (%) | |
Yes | 1620(29.54%) |
No | 3865(70.46%) |
Education, N (%) | |
None or less than primary | 1765(32.18%) |
Primary | 1646(30.01%) |
Middle school and higher | 2074(37.81%) |
Contact with adult children, N (%) | |
Seldom contact | 65(1.19%) |
Contact through phone | 3405(62.08%) |
Meeting in face | 1854(33.80%) |
Other | 161(2.94%) |
Living arrangement, N (%) | |
Living alone | 685(12.49%) |
Living with spouse | 1737(31.60%) |
Living with grandchild(s) | 329(6.00%) |
Living with adult children | 838(15.28%) |
Living with grandchild(s) and adult children | 1900(34.64%) |
ADL, N (%) | |
Independent | 5166(93.27%) |
Low-level physically dependent | 228(4.16%) |
Mid-level physically dependent | 92(1.68%) |
Fully dependent | 49(0.89%) |
Older adults’ need for home modifications
Factors associated with the need for home modifications
Exposure variables | Odds ratio(95% CI) |
---|---|
Age | |
60–69 (ref) | - |
70–79 | 1.16(1.02–1.32)* |
>80 | 1.14(0.93–1.40) |
Family Income | 0.99(0.39–0.99) |
Personal Income | 0.99(0.99–0.99) * |
Address consistent with Hukou: | |
No (ref) | - |
Yes | 1.17(0.95–1.44) |
Education: | |
None or less than primary (ref) | - |
Primary | 1.24(1.07–1.44) ** |
Middle school and higher | 1.03(0.87–1.21) |
Use of a smart phone: | |
No(ref) | |
Yes | 0.92(0.81–1.06) |
Contact with adult children: | |
Seldom contact (ref) | - |
Contact through phone | 0.57(0.34–0.96) * |
Meeting in face | 0.56(0.34–0.93) * |
Other | 0.61(0.33–1.11) |
Living arrangement: | |
Living alone (ref) | - |
Living with spouse | 1.06(0.87–1.30) |
Living with grandchild(s) | 0.70(0.51–0.96) * |
Living with adult children | 1.37(1.10–1.72) ** |
Living with grandchild(s) and adult children | 1.16(0.95–1.43) |
Exposure variables | IRR (95% CI) |
---|---|
Age | 1.01(1.00-1.01) *** |
Personal Income | 0.99(0.99–0.99) ** |
Education: | |
None or less than primary (ref) | - |
Primary | 1.11(1.09–1.19) ** |
Middle school and higher | 1.03(0.96–1.12) |
Building with an elevator | |
No (ref) | - |
Yes | 1.14(1.07–1.21) *** |
Self-rated health condition | |
Poor (ref) | - |
Good | 0.78(0.73–0.84) *** |
Chronic disease | |
No (ref) | - |
Yes | 1.16(1.09–1.25) *** |
Level of assistance | |
Independent (ref) | - |
Low-level physically dependent | 2.31(2.09–2.56) *** |
Mid-level physically dependent | 2.20(1.89–2.56) *** |
Fully dependent | 1.99(1.61–2.47) *** |
Type of modifications | Floor modification | Corridor modification | Installing handrails | Appliance modification | Bath space modification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure Variables | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) |
Age | 1.01(0.99–1.02) | 1.01(0.99–1.02) | 1.02(1.01–1.03) *** | 1.01(0.99–1.03) | 1.00(0.97–1.02) |
Family Income | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) |
Personal Income | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.00(1.00–1.00) |
Address consistent with Hukou: | |||||
No(ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.14(0.90–1.45) | 1.21(0.85–1.73) | 1.05(0.83–1.34) | 1.14(0.76–1.71) | 1.44(0.75–2.78) |
Education: | |||||
None or less than primary (ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Primary | 1.31(1.11–1.55)** | 0.88(0.70–1.11) | 1.25(1.06–1.49) ** | 1.46(1.10–1.93) ** | 0.79(0.53–1.16) |
Middle school and higher | 1.14(0.96–1.36) | 0.89(0.70–1.14) | 1.07(0.89–1.29) | 1.37(1.01–1.86) * | 0.87(0.57–1.32) |
Building with an elevator | |||||
No(ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.25(1.09–1.44)** | 1.54(1.27–1.88) *** | 1.21(1.04–1.40) ** | 1.02(0.80–1.29) | 1.12(0.80–1.57) |
Self-rated health condition | |||||
Poor (ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Good | 0.79(0.68–0.92)** | 0.70(0.55–0.88) ** | 0.80(0.68–0.94) ** | 0.85(0.65–1.11) | 0.67(0.45–1.01) |
Chronic disease | |||||
No(ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.24(1.07–1.45)** | 1.24(1.00-1.54) | 1.32(1.13–1.55) ** | 1.17(0.90–1.52) | 1.36(0.92-2.00) |
Level of assistance | |||||
Independent (ref) | - | - | - | - | - |
Low-level physically dependent | 2.54(1.92–3.36)*** | 3.08(2.22–4.27) *** | 3.16(2.39–4.18) *** | 1.66(1.05–2.60) * | 2.80(1.69–4.64) *** |
Mid-level physically dependent | 2.73(1.78–4.20)*** | 4.07(2.56–6.47) *** | 2.63(1.71–4.01) *** | 2.63(1.46–4.75) ** | 1.19(0.46–3.16) |
Fully dependent | 1.52(0.82–2.83) | 3.43(1.80–6.55) *** | 3.09(1.73–5.52) *** | 0.52(0.13–2.25) | 0.522(0.07–3.91) |