Background
Case Description
ITN developments in Tanzania, 1983 to 2005
Critical path of insecticide-treated nets research and Implementation in Tanzania | ||||
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Efficacy studies
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Effectiveness studies
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Policy developments
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Going to scale
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Reducing malaria vector exposure (including net and insecticide developments) | Reducing malaria morbidity and mortality | Impact (morbidity and mortality) and cost assessment in pilot programmes | National strategies and partnerships for an enabling environment | National ITN strategy and policy NATNETS |
1983–1995 | 1985–1995 | 1992–2000 | 1997–2000 | >2000 |
A concerted national action for ITNs in Tanzania
NATNETS National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) | |
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ITN cell within NMCP
• Overall coordination of ITN activities, including linkage with NGOs and commercial sector • Advocacy (political, administrative) • Reduction of taxes and tariffs • Legislation on insecticides & consumer protection • Quality control (nets and treatment) • Technical support to districts • Brokering agreements between public sector and commercial sector • Resource mobilisation for other aspects of ITN Strategy • Increasing role in national/local level demand creation • Monitoring and evaluation • Design & implementation of national voucher scheme |
Strategic social marketing (SMARTNET)
• Market research and creation of a national ITN logo • Opening new markets in areas not yet reached by commercial markets and attracting commercial distribution into such areas • Marketing support to national net manufacturers/distributors/retailers • Distribution support to national net manufacturers/distributors/retailers • National/local demand creation • Net treatment kit promotion and distribution • Close collaboration with ITN Cell |
Additional key ITN stakeholders
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Research community
• Monitoring and evaluation • Implementation research • Market research • Product development |
Commercial sector
• Net production • Net distribution • Branded advertisement • Product development • Market research |
Creating an enabling environment for ITNs
Taxes and Tariffs
Regulatory issues concerning insecticides
Strategic social marketing
The Tanzanian National Voucher Scheme (TNVS)
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a major increase in the number of retail outlets selling ITNs: 700 retail outlets in 7 regions were involved in the TNVS, of which over 70% were new to the ITN business
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a major increase of sales figures at retail and wholesale level (50 – 80%)
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approximately 80% of the pregnant women in the TNVS areas using the voucher to buy an ITN
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attendance of ante-natal clinics by pregnant women earlier in their pregnancy. As a result of the TNVS clinics have indicated that they see many more women in their first trimester, making it possible to provide better overall health care
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active district involvement in ITN-upscaling activities as a result of intensive advocacy and negotiations with the different ministries involved
Costing NATNETS
Discussion and Lessons Learned
A coordinated Public-Private Alliance
Coverage and equity
Target group | Percentage sleeping under an ITN | Percentage sleeping under an untreated net | Total (ITN and untreated) | |||
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2001 | 2003 | 2001 | 2003 | 2001 | 2003 | |
Children under 5 | 15 | 26 | 31 | 27 | 41 | 58 |
Pregnant women | 8 | 21 | 28 | 21 | 29 | 49 |