Determination of critical power in trained rowers using a three-minute all-out rowing test

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the hyperbolic relationship between power output and time to exhaustion (work − time and power − [1/time] models) could be estimated from a modified version of a three-minute all-out rowing test (3-min RT), and to investigate the test–retest reliability of the 3-min RT. Eighteen male rowers volunteered to participate in this study and underwent an incremental exercise test (IRT), three constant-work rate tests to establish the critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (W′), and two 3-min RTs against a fixed resistance to estimate the end-test power (EP) and work-done-above-EP (WEP) on a rowing ergometer. Peak \( \left( {\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{peak}}}} } \right) \) and maximal \( \left( {\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max } } \right) \) oxygen uptakes were calculated as the highest 30 s average achieved during the 3-min RT and IRT tests. The results showed that EP and WEP determinations, based on the 3-min RT, have moderate reproducibility (P = 0.002). EP (269 ± 39 W) was significantly correlated with CP (work − time, 272 ± 30 W; power − [1/time], 276 ± 32 W) (P = 0.000), with no significant differences observed between the EP and CP values (P = 0.474). However, WEP did not significantly correlate with W′ (P = 0.254), and was significantly higher than the W′ values. There was a significant correlation between the \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{peak}}}} \) (60 ± 3 ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) and \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max } \) (61 ± 4 ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) (P = 0.003). These results indicate that the 3-min RT has moderate reliability, and is able to appropriately estimate the aerobic capacity in rowers, particularly for the CP and \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max } \) parameters.