Skip to main content
Erschienen in: MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 1/2018

26.03.2018 | Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien | FORTBILDUNG . ÜBERSICHT

Gefürchtet, aber beherrschbar

Die Lungenarterienembolie

verfasst von: Dr. med. Matthias Held, Dr. med. Franziska Joa, Prof. Dr. med. Heinrike Wilkens

Erschienen in: MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin | Sonderheft 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Lungenarterienembolie kann akut tödlich verlaufen, rezidivieren und zu chronischen Langzeitkomplikationen führen. Daher ist richtiges Handeln in der Akutsituation und in der Langzeitbetreuung erforderlich. Da die Erkrankung lebensbedrohlich sein kann, die Therapie aber auch mit Risiken verbunden ist, gilt es, rasch Klarheit über die Diagnose zu erlangen. Diagnostik und Therapie in der Akutsituation sind genau festgelegt. In der Langzeitbetreuung können Unsicherheiten bestehen, die überlegtes Handeln erfordern.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinides S, Torbicki A, Agnelli G et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:3033–69CrossRef Konstantinides S, Torbicki A, Agnelli G et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:3033–69CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinides S, Bauersachs J, Mayer E, Hambrecht R. Kommentar zur 2014-ESC-Leitlinie zum Management der akuten Lungenembolie. Der Kardiologe. 2015;9:289–94CrossRef Konstantinides S, Bauersachs J, Mayer E, Hambrecht R. Kommentar zur 2014-ESC-Leitlinie zum Management der akuten Lungenembolie. Der Kardiologe. 2015;9:289–94CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354:2317–27CrossRef Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354:2317–27CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Belle A, Büller HR, Huisman MV et al. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA 2006;295:172–9CrossRef Van Belle A, Büller HR, Huisman MV et al. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA 2006;295:172–9CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollack CV, Schreiber D, Goldhaber SZ et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: initial report of EMPEROR (Multicenter Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Embolism in the Real World Registry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:700–6CrossRef Pollack CV, Schreiber D, Goldhaber SZ et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: initial report of EMPEROR (Multicenter Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Embolism in the Real World Registry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:700–6CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Moser K M, Fedullo P F, LitteJohn J K, Crawford R. Frequent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. JAMA. 1994;271:223–5CrossRef Moser K M, Fedullo P F, LitteJohn J K, Crawford R. Frequent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. JAMA. 1994;271:223–5CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Ginsberg JS, Kearon C, Gent M, Turpie AG, Bormanis J, Weitz J, Chamberlain M, Bowie D, Barnes D, Hirsh J. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: in- creasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:416–20CrossRef Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Ginsberg JS, Kearon C, Gent M, Turpie AG, Bormanis J, Weitz J, Chamberlain M, Bowie D, Barnes D, Hirsh J. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: in- creasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:416–20CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gibson NS, Sohne M, Kruip MJ, Tick LW, Gerdes VE, Bossuyt PM, Wells PS, Büller HR. Further validation and simplification of the Wells clinical decision rule in pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99:229–34PubMed Gibson NS, Sohne M, Kruip MJ, Tick LW, Gerdes VE, Bossuyt PM, Wells PS, Büller HR. Further validation and simplification of the Wells clinical decision rule in pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99:229–34PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, Sanchez O, Aujesky D, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:165–71CrossRef Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, Sanchez O, Aujesky D, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:165–71CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Klok FA, Mos IC, Nijkeuter M, Righini M, Perrier A, Le Gal G, Huisman MV. Simplification of the revised Geneva score for assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2131–6CrossRef Klok FA, Mos IC, Nijkeuter M, Righini M, Perrier A, Le Gal G, Huisman MV. Simplification of the revised Geneva score for assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2131–6CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez O, Planquette B, Meyer G. Update on acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir Rev. 2009;18:137–47CrossRef Sanchez O, Planquette B, Meyer G. Update on acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir Rev. 2009;18:137–47CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL et al. Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff Levels to Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism: The ADJUST-PE Study. JAMA 2014;311:1117–24CrossRef Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL et al. Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff Levels to Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism: The ADJUST-PE Study. JAMA 2014;311:1117–24CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruno RR, Donner-Banzhoff N, Söllner W et al. Interdisziplinäre Versorgung akuter Thoraxschmerzen. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:768–80PubMedPubMedCentral Bruno RR, Donner-Banzhoff N, Söllner W et al. Interdisziplinäre Versorgung akuter Thoraxschmerzen. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:768–80PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown AK, Newton P, Hamilton EA et al. Recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism presenting with cardiac arrhythmias. Thorax. 1979;34:380–3CrossRef Brown AK, Newton P, Hamilton EA et al. Recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism presenting with cardiac arrhythmias. Thorax. 1979;34:380–3CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2317–27CrossRef Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2317–27CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Alderson PO. (1987) Scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary embolism. Eur J Nucl Med. 1987;13(Suppl):S6–10PubMed Alderson PO. (1987) Scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary embolism. Eur J Nucl Med. 1987;13(Suppl):S6–10PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Reid JH, Coche EE, Inoue T et al. Is the lung scan alive and well? Facts and controversies in defining the role of lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of MDCT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:505–21CrossRef Reid JH, Coche EE, Inoue T et al. Is the lung scan alive and well? Facts and controversies in defining the role of lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of MDCT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:505–21CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jimenez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, Gómez V, Lobo JL, Uresandi F, Otero R, Monreal M, Muriel A, Yusen RD. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1383–9CrossRef Jimenez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, Gómez V, Lobo JL, Uresandi F, Otero R, Monreal M, Muriel A, Yusen RD. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1383–9CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Righini M, Roy PM, Meyer G, Verschuren F, Aujesky D, Le Gal G. The Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI): validation of a clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9:2115–7CrossRef Righini M, Roy PM, Meyer G, Verschuren F, Aujesky D, Le Gal G. The Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI): validation of a clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9:2115–7CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuff HO, Zochios V, Vuylsteke A. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute massive pulmonary embolism: a systematic review Perfusion. 2015;30:611–6PubMed Yusuff HO, Zochios V, Vuylsteke A. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute massive pulmonary embolism: a systematic review Perfusion. 2015;30:611–6PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Van der Hulle T, Kooiman J, den Exter P L, Dekkers O M, Klok F A, Huisman M V. Effectiveness and safety of novel oral anticoagulants as compared with vitamin K antagonists in the treatment of acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thrombosis Haemostasis. 2014;12:320–8CrossRef Van der Hulle T, Kooiman J, den Exter P L, Dekkers O M, Klok F A, Huisman M V. Effectiveness and safety of novel oral anticoagulants as compared with vitamin K antagonists in the treatment of acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thrombosis Haemostasis. 2014;12:320–8CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Prandoni P, Noventa F, Ghirarduzzi A, Pengo V, Bernardi E, Pesavento R, Iotti M, Tormene D, Simioni P, Pagnan A. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. A prospective cohort study in 1,626 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:199–205CrossRef Prandoni P, Noventa F, Ghirarduzzi A, Pengo V, Bernardi E, Pesavento R, Iotti M, Tormene D, Simioni P, Pagnan A. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. A prospective cohort study in 1,626 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:199–205CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Couturaud F, Sanchez O, Pernod G et al. Six Months vs Extended Oral Anticoagulation After a First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism: The PADIS-PE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314:31–40CrossRef Couturaud F, Sanchez O, Pernod G et al. Six Months vs Extended Oral Anticoagulation After a First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism: The PADIS-PE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314:31–40CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI, for the AMPLIFY Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism N Engl J Med. 2013;368:799–808CrossRef Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI, for the AMPLIFY Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism N Engl J Med. 2013;368:799–808CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Weitz J I, Lensing A W A, Prins M H, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton T A, Cohen A T, Davidson B L, Decousus H, Freitas M C S, Holberg G, Kakkar A K, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap A F, Berkowitz S D, Verhamme P, Wells P S, Prandoni P, for the EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1211–22CrossRef Weitz J I, Lensing A W A, Prins M H, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton T A, Cohen A T, Davidson B L, Decousus H, Freitas M C S, Holberg G, Kakkar A K, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap A F, Berkowitz S D, Verhamme P, Wells P S, Prandoni P, for the EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1211–22CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Trujillo-Santos J, Prandoni P, Rivron-Guillot K et al. Clinical outcome in patients with venous thromboembolism and hidden cancer: findings from the RIETE Registry. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:251–5CrossRef Trujillo-Santos J, Prandoni P, Rivron-Guillot K et al. Clinical outcome in patients with venous thromboembolism and hidden cancer: findings from the RIETE Registry. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:251–5CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Held M, Joa F, Holl R. Lungenembolie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge. Der Pneumologe. 2017;14:209–18CrossRef Held M, Joa F, Holl R. Lungenembolie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge. Der Pneumologe. 2017;14:209–18CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Carrier M, Lazo-Langner A, Shivakumar S, Tagalakis V, Zarychanski R, Solymoss S, Routhier N, Douketis J, Danovitch K, Lee AY, Le Gal G, Wells PS, Corsi DJ, Ramsay T, Coyle D, Chagnon I, Kassam Z, Tao H, Rodger MA; SOME Investigators. Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:697–704CrossRef Carrier M, Lazo-Langner A, Shivakumar S, Tagalakis V, Zarychanski R, Solymoss S, Routhier N, Douketis J, Danovitch K, Lee AY, Le Gal G, Wells PS, Corsi DJ, Ramsay T, Coyle D, Chagnon I, Kassam Z, Tao H, Rodger MA; SOME Investigators. Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:697–704CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Homewood R, Medford AR. Utility and prevalence of imaging for underlying cancer in unprovoked pulmonary embolism. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45:206–8CrossRef Homewood R, Medford AR. Utility and prevalence of imaging for underlying cancer in unprovoked pulmonary embolism. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45:206–8CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pengo V, Lensing A W, Prins M H, Marchiori A, Davidson B L, Tiozzo F, Albanese P, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, Iliceto S, Prandoni P for the Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2257–64CrossRef Pengo V, Lensing A W, Prins M H, Marchiori A, Davidson B L, Tiozzo F, Albanese P, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, Iliceto S, Prandoni P for the Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2257–64CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Riedel M, Stanek V, Widimsky J et al. Longterm follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: late prognosis and evolution of hemodynamic and respiratory data. Chest 1982;81:151–8CrossRef Riedel M, Stanek V, Widimsky J et al. Longterm follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: late prognosis and evolution of hemodynamic and respiratory data. Chest 1982;81:151–8CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer E, Jenkins D, Lindner J, D’Armini A, Kloek J, Meyns B, Ilkjaer L B, Klepetko W, Delcroix M, Lang I, Pepke-Zaba J, Simónneau G, Dartevelle P. Surgical management and outcome of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from an international prospective registry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141:702–10CrossRef Mayer E, Jenkins D, Lindner J, D’Armini A, Kloek J, Meyns B, Ilkjaer L B, Klepetko W, Delcroix M, Lang I, Pepke-Zaba J, Simónneau G, Dartevelle P. Surgical management and outcome of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from an international prospective registry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141:702–10CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilkens H, Konstantinides K, Lang I et al. Chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH); Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2016;141:62–9CrossRef Wilkens H, Konstantinides K, Lang I et al. Chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH); Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2016;141:62–9CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Gefürchtet, aber beherrschbar
Die Lungenarterienembolie
verfasst von
Dr. med. Matthias Held
Dr. med. Franziska Joa
Prof. Dr. med. Heinrike Wilkens
Publikationsdatum
26.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin / Ausgabe Sonderheft 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1438-3276
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-3560
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-018-0010-6

Weitere Artikel der Sonderheft 1/2018

MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe

AKTUELLE MEDIZIN . REPORT

Der Arzt muss den Tod zulassen

FORTBILDUNG . KRITISCH GELESEN

Einstunden- schlägt Zweistunden-Glukose