Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients
Vitamin D measurements
Data analysis
Results
SLE | RA | T2DM | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 123 | n = 100 | n = 3691 | ||
Age, years Median (IQR) | 34.5 (26.7, 47.7) | 60.5 (52.6, 66.8) | 63.3 (53.7, 71.7) |
<0.001
|
Gender (% female) | 109 (89) | 88 (88) | 2,686 (73) |
<0.001
|
Race/Ethnicity (%) | ||||
African-American | 46 (39) | 32 (34) | 1,252 (36) | |
Hispanic | 39 (33) | 42 (45) | 1,176 (34) | 0.199 |
Other | 34 (29) | 20 (21) | 1,046 (30) | |
Unknown | 14 (12%) | 16 (16%) | 217 (6%) | |
25OHD, ng/ml | ||||
Median (IQR) | 18.0 (11.3, 25.4) | 20.9 (16.1, 29.9) | 16.8 (11.1, 24.2) |
0.0001
|
Season (%) | ||||
April-September | 61 (50) | 50 (50) | 1,698 (46) | 0.47 |
Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (%) | 16 (13) | 2(2) | 855 (27) |
<0.001
|
Serum calcium, mg/dl | ||||
Median (IQR) | 9.2 (8.9, 9.5) | 9.5 (9.1, 9.7) | 9.6 (9.2, 10) |
0.001
|
Bisphosphonates use (%) | 20 (16) | 34 (34) | 346 (9) |
<0.001
|
Calcium supplementation (%) | 60 (49) | 59 (59) | 864 (23) |
<0.001
|
Prednisone use (%) | 85 (69) | 65 (65) | 231 (6) |
<0.001
|
Vitamin D supplementation (%) | 57 (46) | 56 (56) | 867 (23) |
<0.0001
|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|
SLE | 1.0 | |
RA | 1.1 (0.62, 2.1) | 0.691 |
T2DM | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) |
0.003
|
Age (for every decade) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) |
<0.001
|
Male gender | 0.95 (0.79, 1.1) | 0.58 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||
African-American | 1.0 | |
Hispanic | 0.75 (0.63, 0.90) |
0.002
|
Other | 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) |
<0.001
|
October to March season | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) |
0.002
|
Serum calcium, mg/dl | 0.70 (0.63, 0.78) |
<0.001
|
Vitamin D supplementation | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) |
0.015
|
Bisphosphonate therapy | 0.59 (0.47, 0.76) |
<0.001
|
Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) |
0.001
|
African-American | Hispanic | Other | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SLE, n (column %) | 46 | 39 | 34 | |
<20 ng/ml | 27 (59) | 26 (67) | 15 (44) | |
≥20 and <30 ng/ml | 16 (35) | 9 (23) | 11 (32) | 0.12 |
≥30 ng/ml | 3 (7) | 4 (10) | 8 (24) | |
Median 25OHD (IQR), ng/ml | 17.7 (10.0, 24.2) | 17.1 (11.3, 23.4) | 21.4 (12.0, 28.4) | 0.34 |
RA, n (column %) | 32 | 42 | 20 | |
<20 ng/ml | 15 (47) | 21 (50) | 6 (30) | |
≥20 and <30 ng/ml | 8 (25) | 13 (31) | 8 (40) | 0.54 |
≥30 ng/ml | 9 (28) | 8 (19) | 6 (30) | |
Median 25OHD (IQR), ng/ml | 21.5 (14.8, 31.1) | 24.7 (20.1, 32.4) | 25.3 (17.7, 32.8) | 0.28 |
T2DM, n (column %) | 1252 | 1176 | 1046 | |
<20 ng/ml | 837 (67) | 697 (59) | 620 (59) | |
≥20 and <30 ng/ml | 249 (20) | 308 (26) | 280 (27) |
<0.0001
|
≥30 ng/ml | 166 (13) | 171 (15) | 146 (14) | |
Median 25OHD (IQR), ng/ml | 15.0 (9.7, 23.1) | 17.8 (12.2, 24.7) | 17.9 (12.1, 24.3) |
0.0001
|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|
SLE | 1.0 | - |
RA | 1.22 (0.45, 3.27) | 0.695 |
T2DM | 2.4 (1.2, 4.7) |
0.014
|
Age, for every decade | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) |
<0.001
|
Male gender | 1.1 (0.79, 1.5) | 0.608 |
October - March season | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
0.013
|
Serum calcium, mg/dl | 0.76 (0.64, 0.89) |
0.001
|
Vitamin D supplementation | 0.84 (0.62, 1.12) | 0.23 |
Bisphosphonate therapy | 0.55 (0.33, 1.12) |
0.02
|
Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | 1.6 (1.16, 2.2) |
0.004
|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|
SLE | 1.0 | - |
RA | 0.98 (0.37, 2.6) | 0.977 |
T2DM | 1.2 (0.59, 2.6) | 0.560 |
Age, for every decade | 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) |
<0.001
|
Male gender | 0.77 (0.56, 1.1) | 0.112 |
October to March season | 1.3 (0.98, 1.62) | 0.077 |
Serum calcium, mg/dl | 0.66 (0.55, 0.79) |
<0.001
|
Vitamin D supplementation | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | 0.613 |
Bisphosphonate therapy | 0.65 (0.44, 0.96) |
0.031
|
Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | 1.4 (1.0, 1.97) |
0.048
|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|
SLE | 1.0 | - |
RA | 0.72 (0.18, 2.9) | 0.636 |
T2DM | 2.8 (1.3, 6.2) |
0.009
|
Age, for every decade | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) |
0.02
|
Male gender | 1.0 (0.74, 1.4) | 0.990 |
October to March season | 1.2 (0.89, 1.5) | 0.26 |
Serum calcium, mg/dl | 0.64 (0.55, 0.81) |
<0.001
|
Vitamin D supplementation | 0.67 (0.49, 0.91) |
0.012
|
Bisphosphonate therapy | 0.53 (0.34, 0.83) |
0.005
|
Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | 1.2 (0.85, 1.7) | 0.383 |