Introduction
Materials and methods
Literature search
Database | Search build | Occurrences |
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PUBMED | ("transanal tube"[Title/Abstract] OR "anal tube"[Title/Abstract] OR "catheter drainage"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal drainage tube"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal tube"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal decompression tube"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal drainage tubes"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal drainage"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal tube drainage"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal indwelling"[Title/Abstract] OR "transanal stent"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal tube"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Rectal Neoplasms"[MeSH Terms] OR ("Rectal Neoplasms"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectum tumor"[Title/Abstract] OR "neoplasm rectal"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal neoplasm"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectum neoplasms"[Title/Abstract] OR "neoplasm rectum"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectum neoplasm"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal tumors"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal tumor"[Title/Abstract] OR "tumor rectal"[Title/Abstract] OR "neoplasms rectal"[Title/Abstract] OR "cancer of rectum"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectum cancers"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal cancer"[Title/Abstract] OR "cancer rectal"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectal cancers"[Title/Abstract] OR "rectum cancer"[Title/Abstract] OR "cancer rectum"[Title/Abstract] OR "cancer of the rectum"[Title/Abstract])) AND ("Anastomotic Leak"[MeSH Terms] OR ("Anastomotic Leak"[Title/Abstract] OR "anastomosis leakage"[Title/Abstract] OR "anastomotic leaks"[Title/Abstract] OR "leak anastomotic"[Title/Abstract] OR "leaks anastomotic"[Title/Abstract] OR "anastomotic leakage"[Title/Abstract] OR "anastomotic leakages"[Title/Abstract] OR "leakage anastomotic"[Title/Abstract] OR "leakages anastomotic"[Title/Abstract])) AND ("Prospective Studies"[MeSH Terms] OR "Prospective Studies"[Title/Abstract] OR "prospective study"[Title/Abstract] OR "studies prospective"[Title/Abstract] OR "study prospective"[Title/Abstract]) | 10 |
EMBASE | ('rectum tumor'/exp OR 'Rectum tumor'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Neoplasms'/:ab,ti OR 'Neoplasm, Rectal'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Neoplasm'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectum Neoplasms'/:ab,ti OR 'Neoplasm, Rectum'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectum Neoplasm'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Tumors'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Tumor'/:ab,ti OR 'Tumor, Rectal'/:ab,ti OR 'Neoplasms, Rectal'/:ab,ti OR 'Cancer of Rectum'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectum Cancers'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Cancer'/:ab,ti OR 'Cancer, Rectal'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal Cancers'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectum Cancer'/:ab,ti OR 'Cancer, Rectum'/:ab,ti OR 'Cancer of the Rectum'/:ab,ti) AND ('transanal tube'/:ab,ti OR 'anal tube'/:ab,ti OR 'catheter drainage'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal drainage tube'/:ab,ti OR 'transanal tube'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal decompression tube'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal drainage tubes'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal drainage'/:ab,ti OR 'rectal tube drainage'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal indwelling'/:ab,ti OR 'Transanal stent'/:ab,ti OR 'Rectal tube'/:ab,ti) AND ('Anastomosis Leakage'/exp OR 'Anastomosis Leakage'/:ab,ti OR 'Anastomotic Leak'/:ab,ti OR 'Anastomotic Leaks'/:ab,ti OR 'Leak, Anastomotic'/:ab,ti OR 'Leaks, Anastomotic'/:ab,ti OR 'Anastomotic Leakage'/:ab,ti OR 'Anastomotic Leakages'/:ab,ti OR 'Leakage, Anastomotic'/:ab,ti OR 'Leakages, Anastomotic'/:ab,ti) AND ('Prospective Study'/exp OR 'Prospective Study'/:ab,ti OR 'Prospective Studies'/:ab,ti OR 'Studies, Prospective'/:ab,ti OR 'Study, Prospective'/:ab,ti) | 65 |
COCHRANE LIBRARY | ("Rectal Neoplasms"[Mesh descriptor] OR "Rectal Neoplasms":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectum tumor":ti,ab,kw OR "Neoplasm, Rectal":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal Neoplasm":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectum Neoplasms":ti,ab,kw OR "Neoplasm, Rectum":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectum Neoplasm":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal Tumors":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal Tumor":ti,ab,kw OR "Tumor, Rectal":ti,ab,kw OR "Neoplasms, Rectal":ti,ab,kw OR "Cancer of Rectum":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectum Cancers":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal Cancer":ti,ab,kw OR "Cancer, Rectal":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal Cancers":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectum Cancer":ti,ab,kw OR "Cancer, Rectum":ti,ab,kw OR "Cancer of the Rectum":ti,ab,kw) AND ("transanal tube":ti,ab,kw OR "anal tube":ti,ab,kw OR "catheter drainage":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal drainage tube":ti,ab,kw OR "transanal tube":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal decompression tube":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal drainage tubes":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal drainage":ti,ab,kw OR "rectal tube drainage":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal indwelling":ti,ab,kw OR "Transanal stent":ti,ab,kw OR "Rectal tube":ti,ab,kw) AND ("Anastomotic Leak"[Mesh descriptor] OR "Anastomotic Leak":ti,ab,kw OR "Anastomosis Leakage":ti,ab,kw OR "Anastomotic Leaks":ti,ab,kw OR "Leak, Anastomotic":ti,ab,kw OR "Leaks, Anastomotic":ti,ab,kw OR "Anastomotic Leakage":ti,ab,kw OR "Anastomotic Leakages":ti,ab,kw OR "Leakage, Anastomotic":ti,ab,kw OR "Leakages, Anastomotic":ti,ab,kw) AND ("Prospective Study"[Mesh descriptor] OR "Prospective Studies":ti,ab,kw OR "Prospective Study":ti,ab,kw OR "Studies, Prospective":ti,ab,kw OR "Study, Prospective":ti,ab,kw) | 21 |
WEB OF SCIENCE | ("Rectal Neoplasms":TS OR "Rectum tumor":TS OR "Neoplasm, Rectal":TS OR "Rectal Neoplasm":TS OR "Rectum Neoplasms":TS OR "Neoplasm, Rectum":TS OR "Rectum Neoplasm":TS OR "Rectal Tumors":TS OR "Rectal Tumor":TS OR "Tumor, Rectal":TS OR "Neoplasms, Rectal":TS OR "Cancer of Rectum":TS OR "Rectum Cancers":TS OR "Rectal Cancer":TS OR "Cancer, Rectal":TS OR "Rectal Cancers":TS OR "Rectum Cancer":TS OR "Cancer, Rectum":TS OR "Cancer of the Rectum":TS) AND ("transanal tube":TS OR "anal tube":TS OR "catheter drainage":TS OR "Transanal drainage tube":TS OR "transanal tube":TS OR "Transanal decompression tube":TS OR "Transanal drainage tubes":TS OR "Transanal drainage":TS OR "rectal tube drainage":TS OR "Transanal indwelling":TS OR "Transanal stent":TS OR "Rectal tube":TS) AND ("Anastomotic Leak":TS OR "Anastomosis Leakage":TS OR "Anastomotic Leaks":TS OR "Leak, Anastomotic":TS OR "Leaks, Anastomotic":TS OR "Anastomotic Leakage":TS OR "Anastomotic Leakages":TS OR "Leakage, Anastomotic":TS OR "Leakages, Anastomotic":TS) AND ("Prospective Studies":TS OR "Prospective Study":TS OR "Studies, Prospective":TS OR "Study, Prospective":TS) | 28 |
Outcomes of interest and definition
Study selection
Data extraction and quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Search results
Study characteristics, and quality assessment
Author | Year | Nation | Age (year) | Sample size (tube/ no tube) | Study type | NOS | Tumor location (Above the anal verge) | Type of surgery | Stapling technique | The rate of AL | Type of tube | Indwelling time of tube (days) | Position of tube (above the anastomosis) | Decision to remove | Diverting stoma | Preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tube | no tube | TDT | Non-TDT | TDT | Non-TDT | ||||||||||||||
Zhao et al | 2013 | China | Unmentioned | 81/77 | nRCT | ≤ 7 | Unmentioned | LAR | Single- or double-stapler technique | 2/81 | 7/77 | A 26Fr rubber drainage tube | 5–6 POD | 3-5 cm | b | Excluded | Excluded | ||
Xiao et al | 2011 | China | 46–70 | 200/198 | RCT | > 7 | ≤ 15 cm | LAR | Double-stapling anastomosis | 8/200 | 19/198 | A silicone drainage tube | 5–7 POD | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | Excluded | Excluded | ||
Tamura et al | 2021 | Japan | 39–91 | 79/78 | RCT | > 7 | ≤ 15 cm | LLAR | Double stapling technique | 6/79 | 8/78 | A 20-24Fr Malecot latex tubes | 5 POD | 3–5 cm | a | 34/79 | 37/78 | 10 d/79 | 19 d/78 |
Challine et al | 2020 | France | 48.2–76.2 | 72/72 | PCS | ≤ 7 | Unmentioned | LLAR | Double-stapling technique or handsewn | 25/72 | 16/72 | A 22Fr Foley catheter | 4 POD | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | 0/72 | 72/72 | 41 d/72 | 47 d/72 |
Bu¨low et al | 2006 | Denmark | 37–90 | 98/96 | RCT | > 7 | ≤ 15 cm | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | 14/98 | 8/96 | A transanal silicone stent | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | 44/98 | 45/96 | Excluded | |
Zhao et al | 2021 | China | 52–69 | 280/280 | RCT | > 7 | 5.6-9 cm | LLAR | Double-stapling technique | 18/280 | 19/280 | A 28Fr silicone tube | 3–7 POD | 5 cm | a | 72/280 | 89/280 | 12c/480 | 16c/480 |
Liang et al | 2022 | China | 42.9–70.2 | 80/83 | PCS | ≤ 7 | 0.5–8.8 cm | Unmentioned | Unmentioned | 8/80 | 10/83 | A novel endo-luminal balloon-assisted drainage (EBAD) | 5–6 POD | 5 cm | b | 0/80 | 83/83 | 43d/80 | 53 d/83 |
TDT placement and AL after RC surgery risk
Subgroup
Group | Studies (n) | RR (95% CI) | P | Heterogeneity test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | I2 (%) | ||||
Total | 7 | 0.89(0.57–1.37) | 0.58 | 0.05 | 52 |
Design | |||||
Randomized controlled trials | 4 | 0.84(0.49–1.45) | 0.53 | 0.11 | 51 |
Non-randomized controlled trials | 1 | 0.27(0.06–1.27) | 0.10 | NA | NA |
Prospective Cohort study | 2 | 1.26(0.70–2.27) | 0.45 | 0.23 | 32 |
Area | |||||
Asia | 5 | 0.68(0.47–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.39 | 3 |
Europe | 2 | 1.61(1.03–2.52) | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0 |
Publication year | |||||
≤ 2015 | 3 | 0.64(0.21–1.96) | 0.43 | 0.02 | 74 |
> 2015 | 4 | 1.08(0.75–1.53) | 0.69 | 0.36 | 7 |
Quality score | |||||
≤ 7 | 3 | 0.89(0.38–2.08) | 0.78 | 0.07 | 62 |
> 7 | 4 | 0.84(0.49–1.45) | 0.53 | 0.11 | 51 |
TDTs placement and other clinic outcomes risk
Index | Studies | sample size | Heterogeneity test | analytical model | RR | 95%CI | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
anastomotic bleeding | 4 | 876 | P = 0.45, I2 = 0% | Fixed Mantel-Haenzel | 1.77 | 0.94 ~ 3.33 | 0.08 |
incision infection | 3 | 713 | P = 0.67, I2 = 0% | Fixed Mantel-Haenzel | 1.24 | 0.73 ~ 2.09 | 0.43 |
anastomotic stenosis | 2 | 561 | p = 0.76, I2 = 0% | Fixed Mantel-Haenzel | 0.73 | 0.30 ~ 1.77 | 0.48 |