Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Measurements
Frailty status
Physical Function
Physical activity and sedentary time assessment
Physical activity and sedentary time categories determination
Confounding variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Descriptive
Characteristics | Sample | ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ | ‘Physically active & high sedentary’ | ‘Physically inactive & low sedentary’ | ‘Physically inactive & high sedentary’ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 771 | n = 38; 4.9% | n = 89; 11.5% | n = 154; 20.0% | n = 490; 63.6% | |
Age (years) a | 76.8 (4.9) | 74.4 (4.0) | 74.8 (3.7) | 75.9 (4.5) | 77.7 (5.1) |
Sex b | |||||
Male | 355 (46.0) | 23 (60.5) | 62 (69.7) | 50 (32.5) | 220 (44.9) |
Female | 416 (54.0) | 15 (39.5) | 27 (30.3) | 104 (67.5) | 270 (55.1) |
Education b | |||||
None | 487 (63.2) | 19 (50.0) | 46 (51.7) | 97 (63.0) | 325 (66.3) |
Primary school | 169 (21.9) | 11 (28.9) | 26 (29.2) | 39 (25.3) | 93 (19.0) |
Secundary or more | 109 (14.1) | 8 (21.1) | 17 (19.1) | 16 (10.4) | 68 (13.9) |
Missing c | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) |
Income b | |||||
Low | 369 (47.8) | 23 (60.5) | 45 (50.6) | 66 (42.8) | 235 (48.0) |
Medium | 299 (38.8) | 11 (29.0) | 33 (37.1) | 75 (48.7) | 180 (36.7) |
High | 56 (7.3) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (6.7) | 7 (4.6) | 40 (8.1) |
Missing c | 47 (6.1) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (5.6) | 6 (3.9) | 35 (7.1) |
Marital status b | |||||
Single | 42 (5.4) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (1.1) | 9 (5.8) | 30 (6.1) |
Married | 541 (70.2) | 28 (73.7) | 73 (82.0) | 112 (72.7) | 328 (66.9) |
Widowed | 171 (22.2) | 7 (18.4) | 13 (14.6) | 30 (19.5) | 121 (24.7) |
Divorced/Separated | 12 (1.6) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (1.8) |
Missing c | 5 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (2.4) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) a | 30.3 (4.8) | 26.9 (3.8) | 28.8 (3.6) | 30.2 (4.4) | 30.8 (5.0) |
Short physical performance battery (points) a | 8.4 (3.2) | 10.7 (1.6) | 10.2 (2.1) | 8.4 (2.9) | 7.9 (3.4) |
Missing c | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.0) |
Frailty trait scale (points) a | 38 (14.5) | 23.6 (11.7) | 28.9 (11.8) | 37.7 (13.9) | 40.9 (13.9) |
Missing c | 22 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.6) | 18 (3.7) |
Accelerometer wear time (min/valid day) a | 786.0 (82.6) | 810.0 (84.3) | 828.9 (80.1) | 799.9 (81.5) | 772.0 (79.6) |
Sedentary time (min/valid day) a | 539.9 (90.6) | 433.2 (46.7) | 557.9 (67.4) | 447.0 (65.1) | 574.0 (76.1) |
Light physical activity (min/valid day) a | 226.8 (86.2) | 311.6 (50.1) | 211.9 (44.0) | 337.1 (58.4) | 188.2 (64.5) |
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/valid day) a | 19.4 (23.8) | 65.2 (22.0) | 59.1 (23.8) | 15.8 (13.8) | 9.8 (12.1) |
≥ 10-min bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/day) b | 9.6 (17.7) | 42.6 (18.2) | 42.6 (22.3) | 4.3 (6.1) | 2.7 (5.1) |
Meet WHO guidelines b | |||||
Yes | 127 (16.5) | 38 (100.0) | 89 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
No | 644 (83.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 154 (100.0) | 490 (100.0) |
Light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio a | 0.45 (0.24) | 0.72 (0.11) | 0.39 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.26) | 0.34 (0.13) |
Outcome | ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ | ‘Physically active & high sedentary’ | ‘Physically inactive & low sedentary’ | ‘Physically inactive & high sedentary’ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | Beta (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Short Physical PerformanceBattery (n = 765) |
1.73 (0.77, 2.68)
|
< 0.001
|
1.30 (0.63, 1.98)
|
< 0.001
| 0.31 (−0.31, 0.84) | 0.263 |
Reference
|
Frailty Trait Scale (n = 749) |
−13.96 (−18.31, −9.62)
|
< 0.001
|
−8.71 (−11.77, −5.65)
|
< 0.001
|
−2.50 (−4.98, −0.03)
|
0.047
|
Reference
|
Outcome | Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time | Light physical activity-to-sedentary behavior ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (95% CI) a | p-value | Beta (95% CI) b | p-value | |
Short Physical Performance Battery (n = 765) |
0.03 (0.02, 0.04)
|
< 0.001
|
0.96 (0.09, 1.82)
|
0.030
|
Frailty Trait Scale (n = 749) |
−0.18 (− 0.22, − 0.14)
|
< 0.001
|
−5.39 (− 9.34, − 1.44)
|
0.008
|