Introduction
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Septic patients | Non-septic overfed patients | Non-septic non-overfed patients | All patients | Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test or chi squared test, P -value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 117 | n = 307 | n = 419 | n = 843 | ||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Male gender, % | 64.1 | 60.3 | 64.9 | 63.1 | 0.426 | ||||
Age, y | 64.2 | 14.2 | 61.3 | 17.1 | 63.2 | 16.4 | 62.6 | 16.4 | 0.172 |
Weight, kg | 75.6a,b | 20.3 | 74.2a | 18.4 | 78.4b | 16.7 | 76.5 | 18.0 |
0.006
|
Height, cm | 172 | 10.7 | 172 | 9.7 | 173 | 9.6 | 172 | 9.8 | 0.804 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4a,b | 5.8 | 25.0a | 5.8 | 26.3b | 5.2 | 25.7 | 5.5 |
0.006
|
Body mass index <18.5, % | 6.8 | 7.2 | 2.1 | 4.6 | |||||
Body mass index >30, % | 12.8 | 12.7 | 18.5 | 15.3 | |||||
APACHE II score | 25.4a | 8.3 | 22.5b | 7.5 | 17.9b | 8.1 | 23.0 | 7.9 |
0.001
|
Respiratory rate, /minuteW | 22 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 21 | 7 | 21 | 7 | 0.188 |
VO2, ml/minuteW | 264a,b | 69 | 254a | 51 | 278b | 60 | 268 | 60 |
<0.001
|
VCO2, ml/minuteW | 227a,b | 56 | 224a | 42 | 233b | 51 | 229 | 49 |
0.036
|
Respiratory quotientW | 0.87a,b | 0.10 | 0.89a | 0.11 | 0.84b | 0.10 | 0.86 | 0.11 |
<0.001
|
FiO2, %W, Z | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 0.075 |
Measured EEx, kcal/d | 1,808a,b | 359 | 1,776a | 318 | 1,886b | 347 | 1,835 | 342 |
<0.001
|
Estimated EEy, kcal/d | 1,991 | 415 | 1,983 | 365 | 2,049 | 368 | 2,017 | 375 |
0.048
|
Day 4 energy, kcal/d | 1,673a | 703 | 2,234b | 430 | 1,337c | 608 | 1,710 | 699 |
<0.001
|
Day 4 intake/measuredEE | 0.95a | 0.40 | 1.27b | 0.18 | 0.71c | 0.30 | 0.95 | 0.38 |
<0.001
|
Day 4 protein, g/kg | 1.00a | 0.53 | 1.33b | 0.28 | 0.69c | 0.43 | 0.97 | 0.49 |
<0.001
|
Length of ventilationz, d | 18 | 12 to 29 | 16 | 10 to 28 | 17 | 10 to 28 | 17 | 10 to 28 | 0.495 |
Length of ICU stayz, d | 22 | 14 to 34 | 19 | 12 to 31 | 20 | 12 to 31 | 20 | 12 to 31 | 0.516 |
Length of hospital stayz, d | 32 | 21 to 55 | 37 | 22 to 59 | 35 | 21 to 59 | 35 | 21 to 59 | 0.544 |
ICU mortality, % | 26.5 | 20.8 | 18.6 | 20.5 | 0.173 | ||||
Hospital mortality, % | 48.7 | 36.5 | 32.0 | 35.9 |
0.004
|
Septic patients
Odds ratio | 95% CI | P -value | |
---|---|---|---|
All patients (n = 843)
| |||
Protein intake groupa | 0.85 | 0.73, 0.99 |
0.047
|
Energy overfeeding (yes/no) | 1.62 | 1.07, 2.44 |
0.022
|
Sepsis (yes/no) | 1.77 | 1.18, 2.65 |
0.005
|
APACHE II score | 1.04 | 1.02, 1.05 |
<0.001
|
Septic patients (n = 117)
| |||
Protein intake groupa | 1.15 | 0.80, 1.66 | 0.460 |
Energy overfeeding (yes/no) | 0.82 | 0.35, 2.29 | 0.821 |
APACHE II score | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | 0.208 |
Non-septic patients (n = 726)
| |||
Protein intake groupa | 0.80 | 0.67, 0.95 |
0.011
|
Energy overfeeding (yes/no) | 1.89 | 1.19, 3.02 |
0.007
|
APACHE II score | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.06 |
0.001
|
Non-septic overfed patients (n = 307)
| |||
Protein intake groupa | 0.91 | 0.59, 1.40 | 0.666 |
APACHE II score | 1.04 | 1.00, 1.07 |
0.029
|
Non-septic non-overfed patients (n = 419)
| |||
Protein intake groupa | 0.77 | 0.63, 0.93 |
0.008
|
APACHE II score | 1.03 | 1.01, 1.06 |
0.013
|
Non-septic overfed and non-overfed patients
Non-septic and non-overfed patients
<0.8 g/kg | 0.8 to <1.0 g/kg | 1.0 to <1.2 g/kg | ≥1.2 g/kg | All non-septic, non-overfed patients | Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test or chi squared test, P -value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 223 | n = 60 | n = 68 | n = 68 | n = 419 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Male gender, % | 66.4 | 60.0 | 67.6 | 61.8 | 64.9 | 0.714 | |||||
Age, y | 63.9 | 16.5 | 61.6 | 16.2 | 62.7 | 15.6 | 62.7 | 17.2 | 63.2 | 16.4 | 0.775 |
Weight, kg | 78.5 | 17.5 | 79.6 | 15.1 | 80.4 | 17.3 | 75.1 | 14.7 | 78.4 | 16.7 | 0.278 |
Height, cm | 173 | 9.5 | 173 | 9.2 | 173 | 9.7 | 171 | 10.5 | 173 | 9.6 | 0.556 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.2 | 5.3 | 26.9 | 5.6 | 26.8 | 5.5 | 25.6 | 3.7 | 26.3 | 5.2 | 0.439 |
Body mass index <18.5, % | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 2.1 | ||||||
Body mass index >30, % | 17.9 | 21.7 | 17.6 | 14.7 | 17.9 | ||||||
APACHE II score | 22.7 | 8.4 | 22.2 | 7.8 | 22.4 | 7.6 | 22.9 | 7.5 | 22.6 | 8.1 | 0.961 |
Respiratory rate, /minuteW | 20 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 21 | 5 | 22 | 8 | 21 | 7 | 0.059 |
VO2, ml/minuteW | 274 | 64 | 270 | 51 | 286 | 58 | 292 | 55 | 278 | 60 | 0.080 |
VCO2, ml/minuteW | 228a | 54 | 226a | 40 | 239a,b | 43 | 251b | 53 | 233 | 51 |
0.005
|
Respiratory quotientW | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.85 | 0.12 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.86 | 0.08 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.436 |
FiO2, %W, Z | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 40 | 40 to 45 | 0.460 |
Measured EEx, kcal/d | 1,860 | 367 | 1,864 | 299 | 1,953 | 310 | 1,924 | 348 | 1,886 | 347 | 0.181 |
Estimated EEy, kcal/d | 2,049 | 378 | 2,066 | 333 | 2,088 | 365 | 1,993 | 371 | 2,049 | 368 | 0.478 |
Day-4 energy, kcal/d | 904a | 453 | 1,679b,c | 256 | 1,840c,d | 283 | 1,950d | 353 | 1,337 | 608 |
<0.001
|
Day-4 intake/measuredEE | 0.49a | 0.25 | 0.91b,c | 0.09 | 0.95c,d | 0.10 | 1.02d | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.30 |
<0.001
|
Day-4 protein, g/kg | 0.35a | 0.24 | 0.86b | 0.06 | 1.05c | 0.05 | 1.30d | 0.10 | 0.69 | 0.43 |
<0.001
|
Length of ventilationz, d | 17 | 11 to 29 | 20 | 11 to 28 | 15 | 8 to 27 | 17 | 9 to 24 | 17 | 10 to 28 | 0.128 |
Length of ICU stayz, d | 20 | 13 to 32 | 22 | 13 to 31 | 17 | 9 to 29 | 19 | 10 to 29 | 19 | 12 to 31 | 0.178 |
Length of hospital stayz, d | 35 | 19 to 60 | 40 | 26 to 63 | 30 | 19 to 61 | 34 | 23 to 49 | 35 | 21 to 59 | 0.447 |
ICU mortality, % | 22.0 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 8.8 | 18.6 | 0.111 | |||||
Hospital mortality, % | 36.8 | 35.0 | 26.5 | 19.1 | 32.0 |
0.033
|