Background
Methods
Induction of LV dysfunction
Control dogs
Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and transmitral Doppler measurements
Index of myocardial performance
Statistics
Results
Baseline | Chronic LVD | |
---|---|---|
LV End Diastolic Volume (cc)
| 41 ± 5 | 54 ± 8*** |
LV End Systolic Volume (cc)
| 15 ± 4 | 31 ± 12*** |
Stroke Volume (cc)
| 26 ± 3 | 23 ± 9 |
LV Ejection fraction (%)
| 63 ± 9 | 42 ± 3*** |
LV Mass (g)
| 61 ± 10 | 85 ± 11*** |
LVSP (mm Hg)
| 109 ± 14 | 111 ± 12 |
LVEDP (mm Hg)
| 6.2 ± 2.3 | 11.8 ± 4.9** |
Cardiac Output (l/min)
| 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.4 |
Peak +dP/dT (mm Hg/sec)
| 1874 ± 244 | 1388 ± 206*** |
Tau (msec)
| 24 ± 6 | 39 ± 5*** |
E/A
| 2.1 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4* |
Heart rate (beats/min)
| 78 ± 12 | 93 ± 18* |
Deceleration Time (msec)
| 217 ± 38 | 129 ± 36** |
ICT index (msec)
| 40 ± 22 | 58 ± 31* |
IRT index (msec)
| 46 ± 19 | 63 ± 29 |
LV ejection time index (msec)
| 226 ± 23 | 201 ± 24* |
IMP
| 0.38 ± 0.14 | 0.60 ± 0.19** |
Paced LV Dysfunction | Dobutamine | |
---|---|---|
LV End Diastolic Volume (cc)
| 55 ± 7 | 51 ± 8 |
LV End Systolic Volume (cc)
| 32 ± 7 | 18 ± 5*** |
Stroke Volume (cc)
| 23 ± 6 | 33 ± 7*** |
LV Ejection fraction (%)
| 42 ± 3 | 65 ± 10*** |
LVSP (mm Hg)
| 110 ± 12 | 109 ± 7 |
MAP (mm Hg)
| 100 ± 10 | 93 ± 9 |
LVEDP (mm Hg)
| 11.8 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.1** |
Peak +dP/dT (mm Hg/sec)
| 1438 ± 279 | 2250 ± 148*** |
Tau (msec)
| 37 ± 6 | 25 ± 7*** |
E (cm/s)
| 81 ± 24 | 111 ± 16*** |
A (cm/s)
| 55 ± 29 | 54 ± 19 |
E/A
| 1.9 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 |
Heart rate (beats/min)
| 102 ± 7 | 102 ± 7 |
DFP (msec)
| 296 ± 54 | 364 ± 38*** |
DVI (cm)
| 12.6 ± 2.4 | 16.7 ± 2.5*** |
Deceleration Time (msec)
| 148 ± 30 | 201 ± 46** |
ICT index (msec)
| 55 ± 30 | 17 ± 10*** |
IRT index (msec)
| 63 ± 25 | 44 ± 22* |
LV ejection time index (msec)
| 204 ± 22 | 186 ± 28* |
IMP
| 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.33 ± 0.17*** |
Paced LV Dysfunction | Digoxin | |
---|---|---|
LV End Diastolic Volume (cc)
| 54 ± 7 | 52 ± 8 |
LV End Systolic Volume (cc)
| 31 ± 10 | 25 ± 5* |
Stroke Volume (cc)
| 23 ± 7 | 27 ± 7* |
LV Ejection fraction (%)
| 43 ± 4 | 52 ± 8* |
LVSP (mm Hg)
| 112 ± 14 | 118 ± 17 |
MAP (mm Hg)
| 101 ± 10 | 105 ± 12 |
LVEDP (mm Hg)
| 11.6 ± 2.1 | 8.6 ± 2.7* |
Peak +dP/dT (mm Hg/sec)
| 1456 ± 288 | 1889 ± 146** |
Tau (msec)
| 36 ± 7 | 33 ± 8 |
E (cm/s)
| 83 ± 22 | 82 ± 15 |
A (cm/s)
| 56 ± 17 | 59 ± 14 |
E/A
| 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
Heart rate (beats/min)
| 102 ± 7 | 102 ± 7 |
DFP (msec)
| 296 ± 54 | 340 ± 42** |
DVI (cm)
| 12.5 ± 2.0 | 14.1 ± 2.4* |
Deceleration Time (msec)
| 151 ± 34 | 149 ± 31 |
ICT index (msec)
| 57 ± 34 | 23 ± 19*** |
IRT index (msec)
| 61 ± 26 | 58 ± 19 |
LV ejection time index (msec)
| 204 ± 18 | 194 ± 19 |
IMP
| 0.58 ± 0.15 | 0.42 ± 0.13** |
Paced LV Dysfunction-8 Weeks | Paced LV Dysfunction-12 Weeks | |
---|---|---|
LV End Diastolic Volume (cc)
| 54 ± 7 | 55 ± 6 |
LV End Systolic Volume (cc)
| 32 ± 12 | 33 ± 9 |
Stroke Volume (cc)
| 22 ± 8 | 22 ± 7 |
LV Ejection fraction (%)
| 43 ± 4 | 42 ± 4 |
LVSP (mm Hg)
| 116 ± 13 | 119 ± 21 |
MAP (mm Hg)
| 104 ± 15 | 105 ± 13 |
LVEDP (mm Hg)
| 11.3 ± 2.4 | 11.2 ± 2.0 |
Peak +dP/dT (mm Hg/sec)
| 1439 ± 289 | 1451 ± 184 |
Tau (msec)
| 36 ± 4 | 34 ± 8 |
E (cm/s)
| 78 ± 19 | 82 ± 15 |
A (cm/s)
| 54 ± 9 | 56 ± 13 |
E/A
| 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Heart rate (beats/min)
| 102 ± 7 | 102 ± 7 |
DFP (msec)
| 311 ± 44 | 314 ± 46 |
Deceleration Time (msec)
| 151 ± 29 | 149 ± 36 |
ICT index (msec)
| 57 ± 25 | 54 ± 22 |
IRT index (msec)
| 58 ± 27 | 59 ± 19 |
LV ejection time index (msec)
| 201 ± 22 | 197 ± 25 |
IMP
| 0.58 ± 0.19 | 0.57 ± 0.17 |