Background
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
N | |
---|---|
Control | 70 |
Chalazion group | 44 |
Site | |
Upper eyelid | 22 |
Lower eyelid | 16 |
Both eyelid | 6 |
Location | |
Nasal | 10 |
Middle | 25 |
Temporal | 4 |
Whole | 3 |
Size | |
Small | 14 |
Medium | 17 |
Large | 11 |
Total | Chalazion group | Control group |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (eyes) | 114 | 44 | 70 | |
Gender (M:F) | 52:62 | 19:25 | 33:37 | |
Age (year) | 41.59 ± 14.08 | 39.57 ± 13.83 | 42.86 ± 14.18 | 0.226 |
CCT (μm) | 547.25 ± 39.90 | 546.91 ± 43.64 | 547.46 ± 37.69 | 0.943 |
Average keratometry by ARK (D) | 42.96 ± 1.86 | 42.84 ± 2.08 | 43.03 ± 1.72 | 0.603 |
Astigmatism by ARK (D) | -0.85 ± 0.99 | −0.94 ± 1.44 | −0.79 ± 0.58 | 0.546 |
Axis by ARK (°) | 104.23 ± 63.36 | 108.63 ± 60.74 | 101.48 ± 65.26 | 0.579 |
SimK (D) | 42.76 ± 3.49 | 42.43 ± 2.28 | 42.96 ± 4.08 | 0.434 |
Astigmatism by simK (D) | 1.31 ± 0.96 | 1.53 ± 1.16 | 1.17 ± 0.78 | 0.074 |
Axis by simK (°) | 84.74 ± 35.24 | 85.16 ± 28.23 | 84.47 ± 39.20 | 0.914 |
Mean K of posterior surface (D) | −6.28 ± 0.27 | −6.25 ± 0.24 | −6.29 ± 0.28 | 0.514 |
Astigmatism of posterior surface (D) | −0.44 ± 0.29 | −0.46 ± 0.26 | −0.43 ± 0.32 | 0.691 |
Total RMS (μm) | 1.81 ± 0.80 | 1.97 ± 1.05 | 1.71 ± 0.59 | 0.127 |
2nd order aberration (μm) | 1.55 ± 0.70 | 1.68 ± 0.87 | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 0.184 |
Oblique astigmatism (Z−2
2; μm) | 0.04 ± 0.49 | 0.18 ± 0.52 | −0.05 ± 0.45 | 0.013* |
Defocus (Z0
2; μm) | −0.85 ± 0.50 | −0.83 ± 0.53 | −0.87 ± 0.49 | 0.693 |
Vertical astigmatism (Z2
2; μm) | −0.74 ± 1.06 | −0.98 ± 1.16 | −0.59 ± 0.98 | 0.057 |
3rd order aberration (μm) | 0.67 ± 0.42 | 0.71 ± 0.53 | 0.64 ± 0.34 | 0.398 |
Vertical trefoil (Z−3
3; μm) | −0.18 ± 0.40 | −0.24 ± 0.44 | −0.14 ± 0.37 | 0.216 |
Vertical Coma (Z−1
3; μm) | 0.34 ± 3.01 | 0.13 ± 0.37 | 0.48 ± 3.84 | 0.555 |
Horizontal coma (Z1
3; μm) | −0.04 ± 0.31 | −0.04 ± 0.29 | −0.04 ± 0.33 | 0.961 |
Oblique trefoil (Z3
3; μm) | −0.02 ± 0.44 | −0.06 ± 0.55 | −0.01 ± 0.35 | 0.378 |
4th order aberration (μm) | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.921 |
Oblique quadrefoil (Z−4
4; μm) | 0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.00 ± 0.07 | 0.293 |
Oblique secondary astigmatism (Z−2
4; μm) | 0.01 ± 0.13 | −0.01 ± 0.14 | 0.01 ± 0.11 | 0.333 |
Primary spherical (Z0
4; μm) | 0.17 ± 0.30 | 0.17 ± 0.32 | 0.16 ± 0.30 | 0.922 |
Vetical secondary astigmatism (Z2
4; μm) | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.19 | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.447 |
Vertical quadrefoil (Z4
4; μm) | −0.11 ± 0.23 | −0.11 ± 0.22 | −0.12 ± 0.24 | 0.888 |
Control | Upper eyelid | Lower eyelid | Both eyelids |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 70 | 22 | 16 | 6 | |
Gender (M:F) | 33:37 | 10:12 | 3:13 | 6:0 | |
Age (year) | 42.86 ± 14.18 | 41.27 ± 12.41 | 38.63 ± 16.74 | 35.83 ± 11.16 | 0.519 |
CCT (μm) | 547.46 ± 37.69 | 5583.27 ± 42.50 | 528.25 ± 45.57 | 555.00 ± 28.33 | 0.136 |
Average keratometry by ARK (D) | 43.03 ± 1.72 | 43.38 ± 1.69 | 42.18 ± 2.58 | 42.82 ± 1.44 | 0.269 |
Astigmatism by ARK (D) | -0.79 ± 0.58 | −1.12 ± 1.93 | −0.88 ± 0.85 | −0.50 ± 0.45 | 0.490 |
Axis by ARK (°) | 101.48 ± 65.26 | 118.16 ± 67.99 | 102.50 ± 53.94 | 92.00 ± 57.73 | 0.750 |
SimK (D) | 42.96 ± 4.08 | 43.11 ± 1.69 | 41.51 ± 2.99 | 42.42 ± 1.21 | 0.470 |
Astigmatism by simK (D) | 1.17 ± 0.78 | 2.01 ± 1.27 | 0.98 ± 0.59 | 1.23 ± 1.26 | 0.001* |
Axis by simK (°) | 84.47 ± 39.20 | 83.05 ± 25.31 | 88.31 ± 27.04 | 84.50 ± 43.78 | 0.470 |
Mean K of posterior surface (D) | −6.29 ± 0.28 | −6.29 ± 0.29 | −6.24 ± 0.15 | −6.16 ± 0.25 | 0.653 |
Astigmatism of posterior surface (D) | −0.43 ± 0.32 | −0.53 ± 0.32 | −0.36 ± 0.13 | −0.42 ± 0.16 | 0.336 |
Total RMS (μm) | 1.71 ± 0.59 | 2.35 ± 1.13 | 1.46 ± 0.39 | 1.96 ± 1.47 | 0.002* |
2nd order aberration (μm) | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 2.11 ± 1.04 | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 1.24 ± 0.20 | <0.001* |
Oblique astigmatism (Z−2
2; μm) | −0.05 ± 0.45 | 0.33 ± 0.57 | −0.03 ± 0.40 | 0.21 ± 0.43 | 0.009* |
Defocus (Z0
2; μm) | −0.87 ± 0.49 | −0.79 ± 0.72 | −0.82 ± 0.25 | −0.99 ± 0.10 | 0.820 |
Vertical astigmatism (Z2
2; μm) | −0.59 ± 0.98 | −1.55 ± 1.28 | −0.48 ± 0.69 | −0.25 ± 0.62 | 0.001* |
3rd order aberration (μm) | 0.64 ± 0.34 | 0.85 ± 0.68 | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.62 ± 0.43 | 0.129 |
Vertical trefoil (Z−3
3; μm) | −0.14 ± 0.37 | −0.28 ± 0.54 | −0.16 ± 0.21 | −0.31 ± 0.50 | 0.470 |
Vertical Coma (Z−1
3; μm) | 0.48 ± 3.84 | 0.23 ± 0.41 | −0.02 ± 0.31 | 0.18 ± 0.30 | 0.939 |
Horizontal coma (Z1
3; μm) | −0.04 ± 0.33 | −0.025 ± 0.29 | −0.13 ± 0.31 | 0.13 ± 0.15 | 0.398 |
Oblique trefoil (Z3
3; μm) | −0.01 ± 0.35 | −0.16 ± 0.72 | −0.01 ± 0.28 | 0.14 ± 0.30 | 0.332 |
4th order aberration (μm) | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.44 ± 0.21 | 0.39 ± 0.40 | 0.30 ± 0.27 | 0.802 |
Oblique quadrefoil (Z−4
4; μm) | 0.00 ± 0.07 | 0.03 ± 0.14 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.422 |
Oblique secondary astigmatism (Z−2
4; μm) | 0.01 ± 0.11 | −0.02 ± 0.16 | −0.00 ± 0.11 | 0.03 ± 0.15 | 0.618 |
Primary spherical (Z0
4; μm) | 0.16 ± 0.30 | 0.10 ± 0.23 | 0.29 ± 0.43 | 0.11 ± 0.09 | 0.243 |
Vetical secondary astigmatism (Z2
4; μm) | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.21 | −0.01 ± 0.16 | 0.02 ± 0.06 | 0.230 |
Vertical quadrefoil (Z4
4; μm) | −0.12 ± 0.24 | −0.13 ± 0.25 | −0.07 ± 0.11 | −0.15 ± 0.33 | 0.876 |
Control | Nasal | Middle | Temporal | Whole |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 70 | 10 | 25 | 4 | 3 | |
Gender (M:F) | 33:37 | 5:5 | 9:16 | 2:2 | 2:1 | |
Age (year) | 42.86 ± 14.18 | 42.20 ± 16.29 | 38.12 ± 13.66 | 43.75 ± 14.48 | 45.67 ± 4.51 | 0.679 |
CCT (μm) | 547.46 ± 37.69 | 550.50 ± 19.60 | 542.16 ± 50.65 | 542.25 ± 32.40 | 552.33 ± 14.05 | 0.952 |
Average keratometry by ARK (D) | 43.03 ± 1.72 | 42.44 ± 1.71 | 42.83 ± 2.35 | 44.79 ± 1.51 | 42.51 ± 0.88 | 0.411 |
Astigmatism by ARK (D) | -0.79 ± 0.58 | −0.93 ± 1.01 | −0.79 ± 58.50 | −2.58 ± 3.19 | −0.75 ± 0.35 | 0.046* |
Axis by ARK (°) | 101.48 ± 65.26 | 108.89 ± 61.53 | 115.00 ± 58.50 | 126.67 ± 70.77 | 105.00 ± 49.50 | 0.851 |
SimK (D) | 42.96 ± 4.08 | 41.96 ± 1.91 | 42.33 ± 2.59 | 43.47 ± 1.62 | 43.86 ± 2.15 | 0.823 |
Astigmatism by simK (D) | 1.17 ± 0.78 | 1.16 ± 1.14 | 1.54 ± 1.13 | 1.61 ± 1.79 | 2.30 ± 0.56 | 0.143 |
Axis by simK (°) | 84.47 ± 39.20 | 80.00 ± 33.72 | 82.92 ± 27.77 | 103.00 ± 29.06 | 92.00 ± 22.54 | 0.843 |
Mean K of posterior surface (D) | −6.29 ± 0.28 | −6.19 ± 0.20 | −6.24 ± 0.24 | −6.40 ± 0.34 | −6.42 ± 0.37 | 0.543 |
Astigmatism of posterior surface (D) | −0.43 ± 0.32 | −0.43 ± 0.13 | −0.45 ± 0.32 | −0.46 ± 0.19 | −0.58 ± 0.13 | 0.942 |
Total RMS (μm) | 1.71 ± 0.59 | 1.64 ± 0.76 | 2.03 ± 1.14 | 2.09 ± 1.48 | 2.37 ± 1.05 | 0.243 |
2nd order aberration (μm) | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 1.35 ± 0.78 | 1.69 ± 0.82 | 1.90 ± 1.53 | 2.14 ± 0.93 | 0.219 |
Oblique astigmatism (Z−2
2; μm) | −0.05 ± 0.45 | 0.06 ± 0.48 | 0.17 ± 0.49 | 0.44 ± 0.82 | 0.58 ± 0.47 | 0.033* |
Defocus (Z0
2; μm) | −0.87 ± 0.49 | −0.75 ± 0.34 | −0.94 ± 0.15 | −1.09 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 1.80 | 0.003* |
Vertical astigmatism (Z2
2; μm) | −0.59 ± 0.98 | −0.56 ± 1.11 | −1.00 ± 1.19 | −1.18 ± 1.68 | −1.51 ± 0.54 | 0.269 |
3rd order aberration (μm) | 0.64 ± 0.34 | 0.65 ± 0.36 | 0.75 ± 0.66 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.71 ± 0.30 | 0.877 |
Vertical trefoil (Z−3
3; μm) | −0.14 ± 0.37 | −0.27 ± 0.40 | −0.31 ± 0.47 | −0.01 ± 0.24 | 0.11 ± 0.51 | 0.212 |
Vertical Coma (Z−1
3; μm) | 0.48 ± 3.84 | 0.18 ± 0.24 | 0.16 ± 0.41 | −0.12 ± 0.39 | 0.10 ± 0.46 | 0.986 |
Horizontal coma (Z1
3; μm) | −0.04 ± 0.33 | −0.07 ± 0.26 | −0.05 ± 0.28 | 0.15 ± 0.47 | 0.00 ± 0.24 | 0.820 |
Oblique trefoil (Z3
3; μm) | −0.01 ± 0.35 | −0.12 ± 0.42 | −0.13 ± 0.64 | 0.29 ± 0.19 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.349 |
4th order aberration (μm) | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.43 ± 0.20 | 0.38 ± 0.34 | 0.36 ± 0.07 | 0.56 ± 0.50 | 0.885 |
Oblique quadrefoil (Z−4
4; μm) | 0.00 ± 0.07 | 0.03 ± 0.14 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | −0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.380 |
Oblique secondary astigmatism (Z−2
4; μm) | 0.01 ± 0.11 | −0.03 ± 0.12 | −0.02 ± 0.12 | 0.15 ± 0.12 | −0.14 ± 0.16 | 0.015* |
Primary spherical (Z0
4; μm) | 0.16 ± 0.30 | −0.03 ± 0.12 | −0.02 ± 0.12 | 0.20 ± 0.14 | −0.11 ± 0.50 | 0.590 |
Vetical secondary astigmatism (Z2
4; μm) | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.17 ± 0.26 | 0.20 ± 0.34 | −0.03 ± 0.15 | 0.12 ± 0.41 | 0.754 |
Vertical quadrefoil (Z4
4; μm) | −0.12 ± 0.24 | 0.03 ± 0.25 | 0.05 ± 0.12 | 0.01 ± 0.20 | −0.18 ± 0.39 | 0.710 |
Control | Small | Medium | Large |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 70 | 14 | 17 | 11 | |
Gender (M:F) | 33:37 | 5:9 | 6:11 | 7:4 | |
Age (year) | 42.86 ± 14.18 | 43.64 ± 19.08 | 38.47 ± 10.72 | 38.36 ± 10.00 | 0.543 |
CCT (μm) | 547.46 ± 37.69 | 539.29 ± 27.84 | 555.29 ± 34.43 | 535.91 ± 60.86 | 0.526 |
Average keratometry by ARK (D) | 43.03 ± 1.72 | 43.66 ± 1.01 | 42.71 ± 2.11 | 42.09 ± 2.96 | 0.224 |
Astigmatism by ARK (D) | -0.79 ± 0.58 | −0.85 ± 0.88 | −0.89 ± 1.67 | −1.20 ± 1.82 | 0.688 |
Axis by ARK (°) | 101.48 ± 65.26 | 108.33 ± 50.24 | 113.75 ± 66.37 | 121.00 ± 55.42 | 0.714 |
SimK (D) | 42.96 ± 4.08 | 43.07 ± 1.11 | 42.23 ± 2.30 | 42.05 ± 3.41 | 0.767 |
Astigmatism by simK (D) | 1.17 ± 0.78 | 1.05 ± 0.67 | 1.69 ± 1.43 | 1.82 ± 1.13 | 0.037* |
Axis by simK (°) | 84.47 ± 39.20 | 89.93 ± 39.47 | 80.76 ± 26.52 | 84.45 ± 13.91 | 0.917 |
Mean K of posterior surface (D) | −6.29 ± 0.28 | −6.23 ± 0.19 | −6.25 ± 0.27 | −6.30 ± 0.29 | 0.858 |
Astigmatism of posterior surface (D) | −0.43 ± 0.32 | −0.34 ± 0.12 | −0.54 ± 0.36 | −0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.322 |
Total RMS (μm) | 1.71 ± 0.59 | 1.77 ± 0.96 | 1.90 ± 1.05 | 2.33 ± 1.24 | 0.113 |
2nd order aberration (μm) | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 1.34 ± 0.37 | 1.68 ± 1.04 | 2.06 ± 1.00 | 0.036* |
Oblique astigmatism (Z−2
2; μm) | −0.05 ± 0.45 | 0.09 ± 0.48 | 0.09 ± 0.50 | 0.49 ± 0.55 | 0.006* |
Defocus (Z0
2; μm) | −0.87 ± 0.49 | −0.89 ± 0.31 | −0.94 ± 0.15 | −0.56 ± 0.96 | 0.222 |
Vertical astigmatism (Z2
2; μm) | −0.59 ± 0.98 | −0.20 ± 0.87 | −1.15 ± 1.21 | −1.60 ± 1.01 | 0.002* |
3rd order aberration (μm) | 0.64 ± 0.34 | 0.63 ± 0.30 | 0.64 ± 0.44 | 0.94 ± 0.84 | 0.169 |
Vertical trefoil (Z−3
3; μm) | −0.14 ± 0.37 | −0.24 ± 0.34 | −0.23 ± 0.43 | −0.26 ± 0.60 | 0.691 |
Vertical Coma (Z−1
3; μm) | 0.48 ± 3.84 | 0.01 ± 0.37 | 0.18 ± 0.42 | 0.22 ± 0.30 | 0.947 |
Horizontal coma (Z1
3; μm) | −0.04 ± 0.33 | −0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.03 ± 0.24 | −0.01 ± 0.33 | 0.632 |
Oblique trefoil (Z3
3; μm) | −0.01 ± 0.35 | −0.04 ± 0.28 | −0.02 ± 0.35 | −0.19 ± 0.98 | 0.619 |
4th order aberration (μm) | 0.40 ± 0.30 | 0.29 ± 0.18 | 0.38 ± 0.21 | 0.58 ± 0.45 | 0.094 |
Oblique quadrefoil (Z−4
4; μm) | 0.00 ± 0.07 | 0.04 ± 0.12 | −0.00 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.14 | 0.296 |
Oblique secondary astigmatism (Z−2
4; μm) | 0.01 ± 0.11 | 0.01 ± 0.13 | −0.02 ± 0.11 | −0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.264 |
Primary spherical (Z0
4; μm) | 0.16 ± 0.30 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.26 | 0.22 ± 0.54 | 0.739 |
Vetical secondary astigmatism (Z2
4; μm) | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.16 | 0.03 ± 0.19 | 0.06 ± 0.22 | 0.840 |
Vertical quadrefoil (Z4
4; μm) | −0.12 ± 0.24 | −0.09 ± 0.18 | −0.09 ± 0.21 | −0.15 ± 0.31 | 0.903 |