Introduction
Methods
General design
Subjects
Incremental exercise test
Fitting of the face masks
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Performance
Cardiocirculatory, respiratory and metabolic parameters
Incremental cycling test | Unit | NM | SM | FFP2 | ANOVA | NM vs. SM | NM vs. FFP2 | SM vs. FFP2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rest | ||||||||
Heart rate | bpm | 74 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | 74 ± 11 | 0.850 | – | – | – |
Systolic blood pressure | mmHg | 128 ± 10 | 128 ± 12 | 130 ± 12 | 0.790 | – | – | – |
Blood lactate | mmol l-1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.380 | – | – | – |
VO2 | (ml/min)/kg | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 0.130 | – | – | – |
VCO2 | (ml/min)/kg | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 0.250 | – | – | – |
VE | l/min | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 12.5 ± 1.9 | 11.9 ± 1.3 | 0.200 | – | – | – |
IAT | ||||||||
Performance | W/kg | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 0.900 | – | – | – |
Heart rate | bpm | 170 ± 13 | 169 ± 14 | 169 ± 12 | 0.770 | – | - | – |
Blood lactate | mmol/l | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 0.490 | – | - | – |
Exhaustion | ||||||||
Performance | W/kg | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – |
Heart rate | bpm | 191 ± 9 | 189 ± 9 | 191 ± 7 | 0.290 | – | – | – |
Systolic blood pressure | mmHg | 227 ± 15 | 223 ± 17 | 226 ± 16 | 0.570 | – | – | – |
Blood lactate | 11.9 ± 1.8 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 1.6 | 0.003 | 0.005 | – | – | |
VO2 | (ml/min)/kg | 58.8 ± 5.7 | 45.0 ± 10.2 | 47.6 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – |
VCO2 | (ml/min)/kg | 70.6 ± 7.7 | 49.7 ± 13.8 | 56.3 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – |
VE | l/min | 179.4 ± 30.2 | 114.7 ± 36.3 | 132.5 ± 29.8 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | – |
Post-exercise | – | |||||||
HRR 1 min post | bpm | − 41 ± 10 | − 36 ± 12 | − 42 ± 13 | 0.170 | – | – | – |
HRR 3 min post | bpm | − 69 ± 7 | − 72 ± 11 | −74 ± 10 | 0.120 | – | – | – |
HRR 5 min post | bpm | − 78 ± 9 | − 81 ± 11 | − 81 ± 10 | 0.150 | – | – | – |