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30.05.2018 | Original Paper

Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA

verfasst von: María Belén Ruiz-Roso, Elena Olivares-Álvaro, José Carlos Quintela, Sandra Ballesteros, Juan F. Espinosa-Parrilla, Baltasar Ruiz-Roso, Vicente Lahera, Natalia de las Heras, Beatriz Martín-Fernández

Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is an essential omega-3 (ω-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of neuronal membranes involved in normal growth, development, and function. DHA has been proposed to reduce deleterious effects in neurodegenerative processes. Even though, some inconsistencies in findings from clinical and pre-clinical studies with DHA could be attributed to the presence of phytanic acid (PhA) in standard DHA treatments. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze and compare the effects of a low PhA-concentrated DHA with a standard PhA-concentrated DHA under different neurotoxic conditions in BV-2 activated microglial cells. To this end, mouse microglial BV-2 cells were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and co-incubated with DHA 50 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:50)) or DHA 500 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:500)). Cell viability, superoxide anion (O₂⁻) production, Interleukin 6 (L-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GtPx), glutathione reductase (GtRd), Caspase-3, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression were explored. Low PhA-concentrated DHA protected against LPS or H₂O₂-induced cell viability reduction in BV-2 activated cells and O₂⁻ production reduction compared to DHA (PhA:500). Low PhA-concentrated DHA also decreased COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, GtPx, GtRd, and SOD-1 protein expression when compared to DHA (PhA:500). Furthermore, low PhA-concentrated DHA increased BDNF protein expression in comparison to DHA (PhA:500). The study provides data supporting the beneficial effect of low PhA-concentrated DHA in neurotoxic injury when compared to a standard PhA-concentrated DHA in activated microglia.

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Titel: Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA
verfasst von: María Belén Ruiz-Roso
Elena Olivares-Álvaro
José Carlos Quintela
Sandra Ballesteros
Juan F. Espinosa-Parrilla
Baltasar Ruiz-Roso
Vicente Lahera
Natalia de las Heras
Beatriz Martín-Fernández
Publikationsdatum: 30.05.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1535-1084
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-1174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8

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Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA

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