Skip to main content
Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior 6/2019

13.12.2018 | Substantive Review

Effects of Migration on Risky Sexual Behavior and HIV Acquisition in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2000–2017

verfasst von: Armstrong Dzomba, Andrew Tomita, Kaymarlin Govender, Frank Tanser

Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

While human mobility has been implicated in fueling the HIV epidemic in South Africa, the link between migration and HIV has not been systematically reviewed and quantified. We conducted a systematic review of the role of migration in HIV risk acquisition and sexual behaviour based on 29 studies published between 2000 and 2017. Furthermore, we performed a meta-analysis of the association between migration and HIV risk acquisition in four of the studies that used HIV incidence as an outcome measure. The systematic review results show that HIV acquisition and risky sexual behavior were more prevalent among both male and female migrants compared to their non-migrant counterparts. The meta-analysis results demonstrate that migration was significantly associated with increased HIV acquisition risk (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.14; I2 = 35.0%). There is an urgent need for effective combination HIV prevention strategies (comprising biomedical, behavioral and structural interventions) that target migrant populations.
Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobra A, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A, Tanser F. Space-time migration patterns and risk of HIV acquisition in rural South Africa. AIDS. 2017;31(1):137–45.PubMedCrossRef Dobra A, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A, Tanser F. Space-time migration patterns and risk of HIV acquisition in rural South Africa. AIDS. 2017;31(1):137–45.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Collinson MA, Tollman SM, Kahn K. Migration, settlement change and health in post-apartheid South Africa: Triangulating health and demographic surveillance with national census data. Scand J Public Heal. 2007;35(Suppl 69):77–84.CrossRef Collinson MA, Tollman SM, Kahn K. Migration, settlement change and health in post-apartheid South Africa: Triangulating health and demographic surveillance with national census data. Scand J Public Heal. 2007;35(Suppl 69):77–84.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hargrove J. Migration, mines and mores: the HIV epidemic in southern Africa. SA J Sci. 2008;104(1–2):53–61. Hargrove J. Migration, mines and mores: the HIV epidemic in southern Africa. SA J Sci. 2008;104(1–2):53–61.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan MR, Patnaik P, Brown L, Nagot N, Salouka S, Weir SS. Mobility and HIV-Related Sexual Behavior in Burkina Faso. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(2):202–12.PubMedCrossRef Khan MR, Patnaik P, Brown L, Nagot N, Salouka S, Weir SS. Mobility and HIV-Related Sexual Behavior in Burkina Faso. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(2):202–12.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwena ZA, Camlin CS, Shisanya CA, Mwanzo I, Bukusi EA. Short-term mobility and the risk of hiv infection among married couples in the fishing communities along Lake Victoria, Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1):54523.CrossRef Kwena ZA, Camlin CS, Shisanya CA, Mwanzo I, Bukusi EA. Short-term mobility and the risk of hiv infection among married couples in the fishing communities along Lake Victoria, Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1):54523.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Lagarde E, van der Schim M, Enel C, Holmgren B, Dray-Spira R, Pison G, et al. Mobility and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus into rural areas of West Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(5):744–52.PubMedCrossRef Lagarde E, van der Schim M, Enel C, Holmgren B, Dray-Spira R, Pison G, et al. Mobility and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus into rural areas of West Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(5):744–52.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Deane K, Parkhurst J. Linking migration, mobility and HIV. Trop Med. 2010;15(12):1458–63. Deane K, Parkhurst J. Linking migration, mobility and HIV. Trop Med. 2010;15(12):1458–63.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Collinson MA. Striving against adversity: the dynamics of migration, health and poverty in rural South Africa. Glob Health Action. 2010;3(1):5080.CrossRef Collinson MA. Striving against adversity: the dynamics of migration, health and poverty in rural South Africa. Glob Health Action. 2010;3(1):5080.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Mah TL, Halperin DT. Concurrent sexual partnerships and the HIV epidemics in Africa: evidence to move forward. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(1):11–6.PubMedCrossRef Mah TL, Halperin DT. Concurrent sexual partnerships and the HIV epidemics in Africa: evidence to move forward. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(1):11–6.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Saggurti N, Nair S, Malviya A, Decker MR, Silverman JG, Raj A. Male migration/mobility and HIV among married couples: cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from India. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(6):1649–58.PubMedCrossRef Saggurti N, Nair S, Malviya A, Decker MR, Silverman JG, Raj A. Male migration/mobility and HIV among married couples: cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from India. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(6):1649–58.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. STDs. 2002;29(1):44–9.CrossRef Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. STDs. 2002;29(1):44–9.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilgen D, Williams BG, MacPhail C, Van Dam CJ, Campbell C, Ballard RC, Taljaard D. The natural history of HIV/AIDS in a major goldmining centre in South Africa: results of a biomedical and social survey. S Afr J Sci. 2001;97(9–10):387–92. Gilgen D, Williams BG, MacPhail C, Van Dam CJ, Campbell C, Ballard RC, Taljaard D. The natural history of HIV/AIDS in a major goldmining centre in South Africa: results of a biomedical and social survey. S Afr J Sci. 2001;97(9–10):387–92.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Posel D. Households and labour migration in post-Apartheid South Africa. J Stud Econ Econom. 2010;34(3):129–41. Posel D. Households and labour migration in post-Apartheid South Africa. J Stud Econ Econom. 2010;34(3):129–41.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Camlin CS, Snow RC, Hosegood V. Gendered patterns of migration in rural South Africa. Popul Space Place. 2014;20(6):528–51.PubMedCrossRef Camlin CS, Snow RC, Hosegood V. Gendered patterns of migration in rural South Africa. Popul Space Place. 2014;20(6):528–51.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Camlin CS, Hosegood V, Newell ML, McGrath N, Bärnighausen T, Myer L. Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(7):e11539.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Camlin CS, Hosegood V, Newell ML, McGrath N, Bärnighausen T, Myer L. Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(7):e11539.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Giorgio M, Townsend L, Zembe Y, Guttmacher S, Kapadia F, Cheyip M, Mathews C. Social support, sexual violence, and transactional sex among female transnational migrants to South Africa. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(6):1123–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Giorgio M, Townsend L, Zembe Y, Guttmacher S, Kapadia F, Cheyip M, Mathews C. Social support, sexual violence, and transactional sex among female transnational migrants to South Africa. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(6):1123–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bond V, Ngwenya F, Thomas A, Simuyaba M, Hoddinott G, Fidler S, et al. Spinning plates: livelihood mobility, household responsibility and anti-retroviral treatment in an urban Zambian community during the HPTN 071 (PopART) study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21:e25117.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bond V, Ngwenya F, Thomas A, Simuyaba M, Hoddinott G, Fidler S, et al. Spinning plates: livelihood mobility, household responsibility and anti-retroviral treatment in an urban Zambian community during the HPTN 071 (PopART) study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21:e25117.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Olawore O, Tobian AAR, Kagaayi J, Bazaale JM, Nantume B, Kigozi G, et al. Migration and risk of HIV acquisition in Rakai, Uganda: a population-based cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e181–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Olawore O, Tobian AAR, Kagaayi J, Bazaale JM, Nantume B, Kigozi G, et al. Migration and risk of HIV acquisition in Rakai, Uganda: a population-based cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e181–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwuji C, Larmarange J, Ba M, Dreyer Ndip J, Herbst K, Scd M, et al. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2017;5:e116–25.PubMedCrossRef Iwuji C, Larmarange J, Ba M, Dreyer Ndip J, Herbst K, Scd M, et al. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2017;5:e116–25.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanser F, Baernighausen T, Graspa E, Zaidi J, Newell M-L. High Coverage of ART Associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Science. 2013;339(6122):966–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tanser F, Baernighausen T, Graspa E, Zaidi J, Newell M-L. High Coverage of ART Associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Science. 2013;339(6122):966–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramjee G, Naidoo S. The road ahead: working towards effective clinical translation of biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Future Virol. 2015;10(3):271–82.CrossRef Ramjee G, Naidoo S. The road ahead: working towards effective clinical translation of biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Future Virol. 2015;10(3):271–82.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Higgins J, Thompson S. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539–58.PubMedCrossRef Higgins J, Thompson S. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539–58.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Julian T, Higgins AP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–60.CrossRef Julian T, Higgins AP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–60.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Anzures-Cabrera J, Higgins JPT. Graphical displays for meta-analysis: an overview with suggestions for practice. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(1):66–80.PubMedCrossRef Anzures-Cabrera J, Higgins JPT. Graphical displays for meta-analysis: an overview with suggestions for practice. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(1):66–80.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Richter M, Chersich MF, Vearey J, Sartorius B, Temmerman M, Luchters S. migration status, work conditions and health utilization of female sex workers in three South African cities. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;16(1):7–17.PubMedCentralCrossRef Richter M, Chersich MF, Vearey J, Sartorius B, Temmerman M, Luchters S. migration status, work conditions and health utilization of female sex workers in three South African cities. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;16(1):7–17.PubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Munyewende P, Rispel LC, Harris B, Chersich M. Exploring perceptions of HIV risk and health service access among Zimbabwean migrant women in Johannesburg: a gap in health policy in South Africa? J Public Health Policy. 2011;32(1):S152–61.PubMedCrossRef Munyewende P, Rispel LC, Harris B, Chersich M. Exploring perceptions of HIV risk and health service access among Zimbabwean migrant women in Johannesburg: a gap in health policy in South Africa? J Public Health Policy. 2011;32(1):S152–61.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Townsend L, Giorgio M, Zembe Y, Cheyip M. HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among foreign migrant women residing in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(10):2020–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Townsend L, Giorgio M, Zembe Y, Cheyip M. HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among foreign migrant women residing in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(10):2020–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker R, Oliveira E. Contested spaces: exploring the intersections of migration, sex work and trafficking in South Africa. Grad J Soc Sci. 2015;11(2):129–53. Walker R, Oliveira E. Contested spaces: exploring the intersections of migration, sex work and trafficking in South Africa. Grad J Soc Sci. 2015;11(2):129–53.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Semá Baltazar C, Horth R, Inguane C, Sathane I, César F, Ricardo H, et al. HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among Mozambicans working in South African Mines. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(1):59–67.CrossRef Semá Baltazar C, Horth R, Inguane C, Sathane I, César F, Ricardo H, et al. HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among Mozambicans working in South African Mines. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(1):59–67.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandormael A, Newell M-L, Bärnighausen T, Tanser F. Use of antiretroviral therapy in households and risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2004–2012: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014;2(4):e209–15.CrossRef Vandormael A, Newell M-L, Bärnighausen T, Tanser F. Use of antiretroviral therapy in households and risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2004–2012: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014;2(4):e209–15.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Collinson M, Wolff B, Tollman S, Kahn K. Trends in internal labour migration from the rural Limpopo Province, male risk behaviour, and implications for spread of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda. J Ethn Migr Stud. 2006;32(4):633–48.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Collinson M, Wolff B, Tollman S, Kahn K. Trends in internal labour migration from the rural Limpopo Province, male risk behaviour, and implications for spread of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda. J Ethn Migr Stud. 2006;32(4):633–48.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Meekers D. Going underground and going after women: trends in sexual risk behaviour among gold miners in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11(1):21–6.PubMedCrossRef Meekers D. Going underground and going after women: trends in sexual risk behaviour among gold miners in South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11(1):21–6.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Lurie MN, Williams BG, Zuma K, Mkaya-Mwambury D, Abdool Karim SS. The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: a study of migrants and non-migrant men and their partners. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(2):149–56.PubMedCrossRef Lurie MN, Williams BG, Zuma K, Mkaya-Mwambury D, Abdool Karim SS. The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: a study of migrants and non-migrant men and their partners. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(2):149–56.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Zuma K, Gouws E, Williams B, Lurie M. Risk factors for HIV infection among women in Carletonville, South Africa: migration, demography and sexually transmitted diseases. Int J STD AIDS. 2003;14(12):814–7.PubMedCrossRef Zuma K, Gouws E, Williams B, Lurie M. Risk factors for HIV infection among women in Carletonville, South Africa: migration, demography and sexually transmitted diseases. Int J STD AIDS. 2003;14(12):814–7.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Zuma K, Lurie MN, Williams BG, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW. Risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among migrant and non-migrant sexual partnerships from rural South Africa. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(3):421–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zuma K, Lurie MN, Williams BG, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW. Risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among migrant and non-migrant sexual partnerships from rural South Africa. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(3):421–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29(1):44–9.PubMedCrossRef Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29(1):44–9.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Delany-Moretlwe R, Bello B, Kinross P, Oliff M, Chersich M, Kleinschmidt I, et al. HIV prevalence and risk in long-distance truck drivers in South Africa: a national cross-sectional survey. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(6):428–38.PubMedCrossRef Delany-Moretlwe R, Bello B, Kinross P, Oliff M, Chersich M, Kleinschmidt I, et al. HIV prevalence and risk in long-distance truck drivers in South Africa: a national cross-sectional survey. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(6):428–38.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Richter M, Luchters S, Ndlovu D, Temmerman M, Chersich MF. Female sex work and international sport events—no major changes in demand or supply of paid sex during the 2010 Soccer World Cup: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):763.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Richter M, Luchters S, Ndlovu D, Temmerman M, Chersich MF. Female sex work and international sport events—no major changes in demand or supply of paid sex during the 2010 Soccer World Cup: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):763.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Bärnighausen T, Hosegood V, Timaeus IM, Newell M-L. The socioeconomic determinants of HIV incidence: evidence from a longitudinal, population-based study in rural South Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(7):S29.PubMedCrossRef Bärnighausen T, Hosegood V, Timaeus IM, Newell M-L. The socioeconomic determinants of HIV incidence: evidence from a longitudinal, population-based study in rural South Africa. AIDS. 2007;21(7):S29.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Dladla AN, Hiner CA, Qwana E, Lurie M. Speaking to rural women: the sexual partnerships of rural South African women whose partners are migrants. Soc Transit. 2001;32(1):79–82.CrossRef Dladla AN, Hiner CA, Qwana E, Lurie M. Speaking to rural women: the sexual partnerships of rural South African women whose partners are migrants. Soc Transit. 2001;32(1):79–82.CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Kahn K, Collinson M, Tollman S, Wolff B. Health consequences of migration: evidence from South Africa’s rural northeast (Agincourt). African Migr; 2003. pp. 4–7. Kahn K, Collinson M, Tollman S, Wolff B. Health consequences of migration: evidence from South Africa’s rural northeast (Agincourt). African Migr; 2003. pp. 4–7.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hargreaves JR, Bonell CP, Morison LA, Kim JC, Phetla G, Porter JD, et al. Explaining continued high HIV prevalence in South Africa: socioeconomic factors, HIV incidence and sexual behaviour change among a rural cohort, 2001–2004. AIDS. 2007;21:S39–48.PubMedCrossRef Hargreaves JR, Bonell CP, Morison LA, Kim JC, Phetla G, Porter JD, et al. Explaining continued high HIV prevalence in South Africa: socioeconomic factors, HIV incidence and sexual behaviour change among a rural cohort, 2001–2004. AIDS. 2007;21:S39–48.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter M. The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: the significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(3):689–700.PubMedCrossRef Hunter M. The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: the significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(3):689–700.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Giorgio M, Townsend L, Zembe Y, Cheyip M, Guttmacher S, Carter R, et al. HIV prevalence and risk factors among male foreign migrants in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):949–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Giorgio M, Townsend L, Zembe Y, Cheyip M, Guttmacher S, Carter R, et al. HIV prevalence and risk factors among male foreign migrants in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(3):949–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Slabbert M, Venter F, Gay C, Roelofsen C, Lalla-Edward S, Rees H. Sexual and reproductive health outcomes among female sex workers in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa: recommendations for public health programmes. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(3):442.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Slabbert M, Venter F, Gay C, Roelofsen C, Lalla-Edward S, Rees H. Sexual and reproductive health outcomes among female sex workers in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa: recommendations for public health programmes. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(3):442.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Welz T, Hosegood V, Jaffar S, Bätzing-Feigenbaum J, Herbst K, Newell ML. Continued very high prevalence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a population-based longitudinal study. AIDS. 2007;21(11):1467–72.PubMedCrossRef Welz T, Hosegood V, Jaffar S, Bätzing-Feigenbaum J, Herbst K, Newell ML. Continued very high prevalence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a population-based longitudinal study. AIDS. 2007;21(11):1467–72.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat McGrath N, Eaton JW, Newell ML, Hosegood V. Migration, sexual behaviour, and HIV risk: a general population cohort in rural South Africa. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(6):e252–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef McGrath N, Eaton JW, Newell ML, Hosegood V. Migration, sexual behaviour, and HIV risk: a general population cohort in rural South Africa. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(6):e252–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrand R. Living with HIV and dying with AIDS. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):804.CrossRef Ferrand R. Living with HIV and dying with AIDS. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):804.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Posel D. Social dynamics how do households work? Migration, the household and remittance behaviour in South Africa. Soc Dyn. 2008;27(1):165–89.CrossRef Posel D. Social dynamics how do households work? Migration, the household and remittance behaviour in South Africa. Soc Dyn. 2008;27(1):165–89.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamndaya M, Thomas L, Vearey J, Sartorius B, Kazembe L. Material deprivation affects high sexual risk behavior among young people in urban slums, South Africa. J Urban Heal. 2014;91(3):581–91.CrossRef Kamndaya M, Thomas L, Vearey J, Sartorius B, Kazembe L. Material deprivation affects high sexual risk behavior among young people in urban slums, South Africa. J Urban Heal. 2014;91(3):581–91.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai NJ. Transactional sex and HIV incidence in a cohort of young women in the stepping stones trial. J AIDS Clin Res. 2012;3:5.CrossRef Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai NJ. Transactional sex and HIV incidence in a cohort of young women in the stepping stones trial. J AIDS Clin Res. 2012;3:5.CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Hund L, Garnett GP, McGrath N, Newell M-L. Effect of concurrent sexual partnerships on rate of new HIV infections in a high-prevalence, rural South African population: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9787):247–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Hund L, Garnett GP, McGrath N, Newell M-L. Effect of concurrent sexual partnerships on rate of new HIV infections in a high-prevalence, rural South African population: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9787):247–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Effects of Migration on Risky Sexual Behavior and HIV Acquisition in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2000–2017
verfasst von
Armstrong Dzomba
Andrew Tomita
Kaymarlin Govender
Frank Tanser
Publikationsdatum
13.12.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
AIDS and Behavior / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2367-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

AIDS and Behavior 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.