Background
Methods
Location
Population
Ethnographic work
Gender | Community | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tesquedó | Xajay | Tenasdá | ||||
Interviewed | Age range | Interviewed | Age range | Interviewed | Age range | |
Male | 6 | 28–63 | 13 | 26–75 | 11 | 32–74 |
Female | 12 | 21–62 | 20 | 18–73 | 38 | 19–72 |
Edible Mushrooms Cultural Significant Index
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QI, the quotation or citation index is a sub-index that relates the number of times a fungus is mentioned, divided between the number of informants, and by tenfold (to keep the scale of the other sub-indexes).
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PAI, the perceived abundance index, is the abundance of each species of mushroom that people can perceive during the rainy season, how many of these species they can find, and how many they can collect.
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FUI, Frequency of Use Index, is how often people consume each species of mushrooms during the rainy season.
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TSAI, taste score appreciation index, using the scale to evaluate the taste of mushroom species consumed by people.
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MFFI, multifunctional food index, to evaluate how people cook mushrooms and whether they eat them alone or combined.
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KTI, knowledge transmission index, to determine how knowledge is transmitted or how people learn how to use the mushrooms.
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HI, Health Index, indicates how safe people feel to consume these mushrooms, and how beneficial is for their health.
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EI, Economic Index, indicates if people sell mushrooms
Multivariate data analysis: cluster of species and sub-indexes, multidimensional scaling, and principal components analysis
Collection and determination of species
Results and discussion
Division | Family | Species | Otomí name | Spanish name(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ascomycota | Helvellaceae |
Helvella crispa
|
Hyethe de mejcua
| Hongo Mijcua (Conejo) |
Hypocreaceae |
Hypomyces lactifluorum
|
Xiñu dega thu’tsi
|
Trompas rojas, hongo trucha, trompa de puerco, truchas coloradas, trompitas de puerco, truchas de puerco
| |
Basidiomycota | Agaricaceae |
Agaricus campestris
| w/r |
Hongo de llano, champiñón de llano, blanco, blanquito, champiñoncito
|
Calvatia cyathiformis
|
Hyethe bola
|
Hongo bola, de lagartija, de ternera, de llano, sirena, de ternera, quesadilla, canelita, Bolita de llano, llanero, sirenita, patarata, serena, llanerita, canelitas, bolita, bolita de campo, bola
| ||
Lycoperdon marginatum
| w/r |
Hongo de camaleón, de sangra, sirena
| ||
Lycoperdon perlatum
|
Hyethe tsíja
|
Hongo bolita, de bola, sangano, quesadilla, hongo sirena, serenas, de lagartija
| ||
Amanitaceae |
Amanita basii
|
Gshmu
|
Cashimón, hongo Santiago, cashimoses, cashimones, yema, amarillo
| |
Amanita novinupta
| w/r |
Hongo Santiago, santiaguero
| ||
Boletaceae |
Boletus auripes
|
Hyethe de ndega
|
Hongo de buey, de manteca, amarillo
| |
Boletus aff. speciosus |
Hyethe kjoboy
|
Hongo de res, de buey, vaca, hongo joboy, joboy
| ||
Boletus sp. |
Hyethe kjoboy
|
Hongo de buey, de vaca, de res, joboy
| ||
Boletus variipes
|
Hyethe nt’axi
|
Hongo Blanco, de buey, de buey blanco
| ||
Exudoporus frosti
|
Hyethe kjoboy ntheni
|
Hongo de buey, de buey rojo, joboy rojo, de madroño
| ||
Fistulinella wolfeana
|
Ushki hyethe
|
Hongo salado, dulce, pansza
| ||
Harrya chromapes
| w/r |
Hongo de vivora, blanco, de pingüica, de madroño, madroñito
| ||
Leccinum aff. aurantiacum |
Hyethe dega penxi
|
Hongo de pingüica, de pendicua, de madroño
| ||
Leccinum rugosiceps
|
K’ast’i hyethe
|
Hongo amarillo, escobilla, de buey, de manteca
| ||
Leccinum sp. | w/r |
Negrito, blanco, negro, sacatón, de trigos, de trigo
| ||
Retiboletus aff. griseus |
Hyethe ngut’ei (dega ñoñxu)
|
Negrito, de pasto, sacatón, sacatoncito
| ||
Suillus granulatus
|
Hyethe dega tgu’di
|
Hongo de pino, de madroño, de ocote, ocote, sacatón, baboso, agrio, panza de ocote, pancitas, pancita de ocote, de coshal (hojarasca de pino)
| ||
Xerocomus illudens
|
Ixka hyethe
|
Hongo de azufre, agrio, amarillo, de madroño
| ||
Cantharellaceae |
Cantharellus cibarius group
|
Hyethe mijkwa
|
Pericón, Santa Mária
| |
Entolomataceae | Nolanea sp. |
Hongo de rayo
| ||
Gomphaceae | Ramaria spp. |
Hyethe ts’ints
u
|
Patitas de pájaro, pata de pájaro, hongo pájaro, hongo pata de pájaro, pata amarilla, pata de pájaro blanca
| |
Physalacriaceae |
Armillaria mellea
|
Hyethe dega nd
u
nza
|
Hongo de tronco, de hoja, amarillo, clavo, de rama, de palo, de hojarasca
| |
Russulaceae |
Lactarius indigo
|
Guilloi (ñäi)
|
Zorrillo, zorrillo azul, hongo pantalón, trompas azules, hongo azul, hongo de zorrillo
| |
Russula aff. brevipes | w/r |
Hongo de borrega, trompas blancas
| ||
Russula aff. cyanoxantha | w/r |
Hongo de borrega, hongo de madroño
| ||
Russula aff. lepida |
Hongo de madroño, hongo de borrego
| |||
Tricholomataceae |
Clitocybe gibba
|
Hyethe de gashisa (hanxiza)
|
Hongo de hoja. Clavito, tejamanil, delgado, truchita, corralito, de fumador, de copa, de hojarasca, montonero
| |
Marasmiaceae |
Gymnopus driophilus
| w/r |
Hongo de hoja, sombrerito, hongo niña, montonera, corralitos, hongo de rayo
| |
Ustilaginaceae |
Ustilago maydis
| w/r |
Hongo de maíz, de elote, huitlacoche
|
No. | Species | QI | PAI | FUI | TSAI | MFFI | KTI | HI | EI | EMCSI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Lactarius indigo
| 8.70 | 9.91 | 9.34 | 9.07 | 9.32 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.23 | 63.24 |
2 |
Amanita basii
| 9.30 | 8.06 | 9.06 | 9.89 | 8.49 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.47 | 61.95 |
3 |
Fistulinella wolfeana
| 8.30 | 8.92 | 9.31 | 8.39 | 9.12 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.52 | 61.23 |
4 | Rammaria spp. | 8.00 | 8.59 | 8.53 | 9.08 | 8.71 | 9.97 | 6.67 | 0.29 | 59.85 |
5 |
Boletus variipes
| 7.50 | 8.63 | 8.90 | 9.31 | 7.06 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.31 | 58.38 |
6 | Boletus aff. speciosus | 6.70 | 7.69 | 8.36 | 9.11 | 8.18 | 9.78 | 6.67 | 0.15 | 56.52 |
7 | Leccinum aff. aurantiacum | 8.00 | 6.78 | 7.72 | 8.71 | 7.94 | 9.94 | 6.67 | 0.37 | 56.13 |
8 |
Hypomyces lactifluorum
| 8.20 | 6.65 | 6.46 | 9.03 | 8.60 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.33 | 55.93 |
9 |
Calvatia cyathiformis
| 6.30 | 6.90 | 7.78 | 9.10 | 8.15 | 9.84 | 6.67 | 0.26 | 54.90 |
10 |
Armillaria mellea
| 6.30 | 8.85 | 7.10 | 8.94 | 6.85 | 9.88 | 6.67 | 0.16 | 54.75 |
11 |
Ustilago maydis
| 4.40 | 7.67 | 8.41 | 9.47 | 8.32 | 9.77 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 54.56 |
12 |
Clitocybe gibba
| 4.60 | 7.88 | 6.79 | 9.64 | 7.89 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.14 | 53.62 |
13 |
Agaricus campestris
| 3.50 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 9.52 | 7.89 | 9.71 | 6.67 | 0.95 | 53.34 |
14 | Russula aff. cyanoxantha | 1.00 | 10.00 | 7.75 | 8.67 | 8.85 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 52.94 |
15 | Retiboletus aff. griseus | 5.40 | 8.15 | 7.78 | 8.13 | 6.52 | 9.95 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 52.60 |
16 |
Boletus auripes
| 5.60 | 5.94 | 6.74 | 9.17 | 7.51 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.12 | 51.74 |
17 | Leccinum sp. | 5.10 | 7.79 | 6.91 | 7.57 | 6.35 | 9.95 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 50.35 |
18 |
Suillus granulatus
| 4.80 | 9.06 | 6.46 | 7.08 | 6.66 | 9.79 | 6.46 | 0.00 | 50.32 |
19 | Russula aff. brevipes | 1.00 | 9.00 | 8.25 | 7.00 | 8.40 | 9.50 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 49.82 |
20 | Boletus sp. | 2.10 | 7.50 | 7.86 | 8.26 | 8.17 | 9.52 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 49.76 |
21 |
Harrya crhomapes
| 5.20 | 6.59 | 7.02 | 7.93 | 5.88 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 49.29 |
22 |
Lycoperdon marginatum
| 1.60 | 7.97 | 5.00 | 9.17 | 8.81 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 49.22 |
23 |
Lycoperdon perlatum
| 2.00 | 6.13 | 6.88 | 9.17 | 8.33 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 49.16 |
24 |
Exudoporus frostii
| 1.20 | 8.75 | 8.33 | 8.61 | 6.13 | 9.17 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 48.86 |
25 |
Cantharellus cibarius
| 3.60 | 6.25 | 6.18 | 8.98 | 7.15 | 9.72 | 6.67 | 0.19 | 48.56 |
26 | Nolanea sp. | 1.00 | 6.50 | 6.25 | 9.33 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 48.45 |
27 | Russula aff. lepida | 2.90 | 8.62 | 6.64 | 6.32 | 7.45 | 10.00 | 6.44 | 0.00 | 48.37 |
28 | Lyophyllum sp. | 0.30 | 6.67 | 6.67 | 10.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 48.30 |
29 |
Leccinum rugosiceps
| 4.00 | 7.00 | 7.88 | 8.23 | 4.08 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 47.85 |
30 |
Xerocomus illudens
| 5.30 | 6.42 | 7.08 | 6.67 | 5.71 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 47.84 |
31 |
Gymnopus dryophilus
| 1.50 | 5.33 | 5.50 | 9.78 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 47.48 |
32 |
Amanita novinupta
| 0.60 | 5.00 | 6.67 | 8.34 | 3.33 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 40.61 |
33 |
Helvella crispa
| 0.10 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 10.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 39.27 |