Background
Methods
Literature selection
Search criteria | Search algorithm | Search yield (n) | |
---|---|---|---|
EMBASE via OVID | |||
1 | PD-1 inhibitors | (PD-1 inhibit$ OR programmed cell death protein 1 inhibit$ OR anti-programmed death OR antiprogrammed death OR Anti-PD1 OR nivolumab OR Opdivo OR bms-936558 OR bms 936558 OR bms936558 OR mdx-1106 OR mdx 1106 OR mdx1106 OR ono-4538 OR ono 4538 OR ono4538 OR pembrolizumab OR Keytruda OR lambrolizumab OR mk-3475 OR mk 3475 OR mk3475 OR Pidilizumab OR ct 011 OR ct-011 OR ct011 OR Medi0680 OR REGN2810 OR PDR001).ti,ab,tn | 2515 |
2 | Nivolumab/OR pembrolizumab/OR pidilizumab/OR programmed death 1 receptor inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy] | 2491 | |
3 | PD-L1 inhibitors | (PD-L1 inhibit$ OR programmed death ligand 1 inhibit$ OR anti-programmed death ligand 1 OR antiprogrammed death ligand 1 OR Anti-PD-L1 OR Atezolizumab OR tecentriq OR mpdl-3280a OR mpdl 3280a OR mpdl3280a OR rg-7446 OR rg 7446 OR rg7446 OR Avelumab OR msb-0010718c OR msb 0010718c OR msb0010718c OR Durvalumab OR med-4736 OR med 4736 OR med4736).ti,ab,tn | 1086 |
4 | Atezolizumab/OR avelumab/OR durvalumab/OR programmed death 1 ligand 1/dt [Drug therapy] | 583 | |
5 | CTLA-4 inhibitors | (CTLA-4 inhibit$ OR cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibit$ OR Anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 OR anti-CLTA4 OR anti-ctla-4 OR Ipilimumab OR yervoy OR strentarga OR bms-734016 OR bms 734016 OR bms734016 OR mdx-010 OR mdx 010 OR mdx010 OR mdx-101 OR mdx 101 OR mdx101 OR Tremelimumab OR Ticilimumab OR cp-675 206 OR cp 675 206 OR cp675206 OR cp675 206).ti,ab,tn | 3084 |
6 | Ipilimumab/OR ticilimumab/OR cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy] | 3394 | |
7 | 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 | 6861 | |
8 | ((Exp animal/or nonhuman/) not exp human/) | ||
9 | 7 NOT 8 | 6312 | |
10 | (Book or book series or conference abstract or conference paper or conference proceeding or “conference review” or editorial or letter or note or “review”).pt | ||
11 | 9 NOT 10 | 3099 | |
12 | Limit 11 to (english language and year = “2005-Current”) | 3090 | |
13 | Remove duplicates from 12 | 2568 | |
MEDLINE via PubMed | |||
1 | PD-1 inhibitors | Programmed cell death 1 receptor/antagonists and inhibitors [mesh] OR PD-1 inhibit* [tiab] OR programmed cell death protein 1 inhibit* [tiab] OR anti-programmed death [tiab] OR antiprogrammed death [tiab] OR Anti-PD1 [tiab] OR nivolumab OR Opdivo OR bms-936558 OR “bms 936558” OR bms936558 OR mdx-1106 OR “mdx 1106” OR mdx1106 OR “ono-4538” OR “ono 4538” OR ono4538 OR pembrolizumab OR Keytruda OR lambrolizumab OR mk-3475 OR “mk 3475” OR mk3475 OR Pidilizumab OR “ct 011” OR ct-011 OR ct011 OR Medi0680 OR REGN2810 OR PDR001 | 2074 |
2 | PD-L1 inhibitors | Antigens, CD274/antagonists and inhibitors [Mesh] OR PD-L1 inhibit* [tiab] OR programmed death ligand 1 inhibit* [tiab] OR anti-programmed death ligand 1 [tiab] OR antiprogrammed death ligand 1 [tiab] OR Anti-PD-L1 [tiab] OR Atezolizumab OR tecentriq OR mpdl-3280a OR “mpdl 3280a” OR mpdl3280a OR rg-7446 OR “rg 7446” [tiab] OR rg7446 OR Avelumab OR “msb-0010718c” [tiab] OR “msb 0010718c” [tiab] OR “msb0010718c” [tiab] OR Durvalumab OR med-4736 OR “med 4736” OR med4736 | 888 |
3 | CTLA-4 inhibitors | CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists and inhibitors [Mesh] OR CTLA-4 inhibit* [tiab] OR cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibit* [tiab] OR Anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 [tiab] OR anti-CLTA4 [tiab] OR anti-ctla-4 [tiab] OR Ipilimumab OR yervoy OR strentarga [tiab] OR bms-734016 OR “bms 734016” OR “bms734016” OR mdx-010 OR “mdx 010” OR mdx010 OR mdx-101 OR “mdx 101” OR mdx101 OR Tremelimumab OR Ticilimumab OR “cp-675 206” [tiab] OR “cp 675 206” [tiab] OR “cp675206” OR “cp675 206” [tiab] | 2363 |
4 | 1 OR 2 OR 3 | 4214 | |
5 | (Review[pt] OR review[ti] OR comment[pt] OR editorial[pt] OR meta-analysis[pt] OR meta-analysis[ti] OR letter[pt] OR in vitro techniques[mh] OR guideline[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR case report[ti] OR news[pt] NOT (((review[pt] OR review[ti] OR letter[pt] OR comment[pt] OR editorial [pt] OR meta-analysis[pt] OR meta-analysis[ti] OR in vitro techniques[mh] OR guideline[pt] OR news[pt] OR case reports[pt]) AND (clinical trial[pt] OR comparative study[pt] OR multicenter study[pt] OR validation studies[pt] OR cohort studies[mh] OR cross-over studies[mh] OR case–control studies[mh] OR follow-up studies[mh] OR cross-sectional studies[mh])) OR (case reports[pt] AND series[tiab]))) | 2,397,171 | |
6 | 4 NOT 5 | 2101 | |
7 | (Animals[mh] NOT humans[mh]) | 1,317,240 | |
8 | 6 NOT 7 | 1832 | |
9 | Limited to 2005-present and English | 1568 | |
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) | |||
1 | PD-1 inhibitors | PD-1 inhibit* or programmed cell death protein 1 inhibit* or anti-programmed death or antiprogrammed death or Anti-PD1 or nivolumab or Opdivo or bms-936558 or “bms 936558” or bms936558 or mdx-1106 or “mdx 1106” or mdx1106 or “ono-4538” or “ono 4538” or ono4538 or pembrolizumab or Keytruda or lambrolizumab or mk-3475 or “mk 3475” or mk3475 or Pidilizumab or “ct 011” or ct-011 or ct011 or Medi0680 or REGN2810 or PDR001:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) | 978 |
2 | MeSH descriptor: [Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Antagonists & inhibitors - AI] | 10 | |
3 | PD-L1 inhibitors | PD-L1 inhibit* or programmed death ligand 1 inhibit* or anti-programmed death ligand 1 or antiprogrammed death ligand 1 or Anti-PD-L1 or Atezolizumab or tecentriq or mpdl-3280a or “mpdl 3280a” or mpdl3280a or rg-7446 or “rg 7446” or rg7446 or Avelumab or “msb-0010718c” or “msb 0010718c” or “msb0010718c” or Durvalumab or med-4736 or “med 4736” or med4736:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) | 454 |
4 | MeSH descriptor: [Antigens, CD274] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Antagonists & inhibitors - AI] | 7 | |
5 | CTLA-4 inhibitors | CTLA-4 inhibit* or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibit* or Anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 or anti-CLTA4 or anti-ctla-4 or Ipilimumab or yervoy or strentarga or bms-734016 or “bms 734016” or “bms734016” or mdx-010 or “mdx 010” or mdx010 or mdx-101 or “mdx 101” or mdx101 or Tremelimumab or Ticilimumab or “cp-675 206” or “cp 675 206” or “cp675206” or “cp675 206”:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) | 625 |
6 | MeSH descriptor: [CTLA-4 Antigen] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Antagonists & inhibitors - AI] | 4 | |
7 | #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 | 1410 | |
8 | #7 not (pubmed or embase):an | 40 | |
9 | Limited to 2005-present | 30 | |
Clinicaltrials.gov (National Institutes of Health, United States) | |||
1 | PD-1 Inhibitors | On February 7, 2017. clinicaltrials.gov was searched by clinical trial identifier numbers that were obtained from the literature search. The following values were searched “NCT01927419”, “NCT01783938”, “NCT01704287”, “NCT01721772”, “NCT01866319”, “NCT01721746”, “NCT02039674”, “NCT01905657”, “NCT01642004”, “NCT01673867”, “NCT02041533”, “NCT02142738”, “NCT01928394”, “NCT02256436”, “NCT01354431”, “NCT02105636” | 16 |
2 | PD-L1 inhibitors | “NCT01903993”, “NCT02008227” | 2 |
3 | CTLA-4 inhibitors | “NCT01927419”, “NCT00289640”, “NCT00162123”, “NCT00261365”, “NCT01783938”, “NCT00050102”, “NCT01134614”, “NCT01740297”, “NCT00257205”, “NCT00324155”, “NCT00527735”, “NCT01928394” | 12 |
4 | #1 OR #2 OR #3 | 27 | |
Clinicaltrialsregister.eu (European Union or European Economic Area) | |||
1 | PD-1 inhibitors | (“nivolumab OR pembrolizumab OR pidilizumab”) | 182 |
2 | PD-L1 inhibitors | (“atezolizumab OR avelumab OR durvalumab”) | 92 |
3 | CTLA-4 inhibitors | (“ipilimumab OR ticilimumab OR tremelimumab”) | 124 |
4 | #1 OR #2 OR #3 | 332 |
Conference | Strategy |
---|---|
ASCO | We used the ASCO Website—http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/abstracts—to screen abstracts from the annual meetings (2014, 2015, and 2016) using labels/terms for the 3 indications of interest, and combined that with terms for immunotherapy agent classes, respectively Non-small-cell lung cancer, lung non-small-cell cancer, large cell carcinoma Melanoma, melanoma skin cancer Head and neck cancer, laryngectomy, oral cancer, oral neoplasm, oral tumor Cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 |
ESMO | We used the ESMO Website—http://www.esmo.org/Conferences/Past-Conferences—to search for abstracts presented at ESMO 2014, 2015, and 2016. The search results were refined by the following topics (as available in each conference) Non-small-cell lung cancer, lung non-small-cell cancer, large cell carcinoma Melanoma, melanoma skin cancer Head and neck cancer, laryngectomy, oral cancer, oral neoplasm, oral tumor The 3 topics above were combined, respectively, with terms for cancer immunotherapy in the “abstract” section Cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 |
AHNS | We used the AHNS Website—https://www.ahns.info/ahns-previous-meetings/—to screen all oral and poster presentations accepted for 2014, 2015, and 2016 annual conferences, using the terms under Head and neck cancer, laryngectomy, oral cancer, oral neoplasm, oral tumor Cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 |
ESMO/ELCCa | All 2014 ELCC-accepted abstracts were published as a supplement of the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. We used the journal’s Website—http://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)30267-7/pdf—to screen all 2014 ELCC abstracts and posters using the terms under Non-small-cell lung cancer, lung non-small-cell cancer, large cell carcinoma Melanoma, melanoma skin cancer Cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 |
SMRa | We used the SMR Website—https://www.societymelanomaresearch.org/meetings/past—to screen abstracts from the 2015 and 2016 annual meetings using labels/terms for Melanoma, melanoma skin cancer Cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 |
Data source
Statistical analysis
Results
Trial | Phase | Study design | Author | Journal or congress | Year | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICB arm(s) | Comparator arm(s) | |||||
Melanoma | ||||||
CA184-022 NCT00289640 (Wolchok et al. 2010) | 2 | Ipilimumab 0.3 mg/kg vs ipilimumab 3 mg/kg vs ipilimumab 10 mg/kg | NA | Wolchok JD |
Lancet
| 2009 |
2 | Ipilimumab + prophylactic budesonide vs ipilimumab + placebo | NA | Weber J |
Clin Cancer Res
| 2009 | |
Thompson JA |
J Immunother
| 2012 | ||||
CA184-004 NCT00261365 (Hamid et al. 2011) | 2 | Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg vs ipilimumab 10 mg/kg | NA | Hamid O |
J Transl Med
| 2011 |
MDX010-08 CA184-013 NCT00050102 (Hersh et al. 2011) | 2 | Ipilimumab vs ipilimumab + dacarbazine | NA | Hersh E |
Invest New Drugs
| 2011 |
E1608 NCT01134614 (Hodi et al. 2014) | 2 | Ipilimumab + sargramostim vs ipilimumab | NA | Hodi FS |
JAMA
| 2014 |
NCT01740297 (Chesney et al. 2016) | 2 | Ipilimumab + talimogene laherparepvec vs ipilimumab | NA | Chesney J | ESMO Annual Meeting | 2016 |
CheckMate 069 NCT01927419 (Hodi et al. 2016a) | 2 | Nivolumab + ipilimumab vs ipilimumab | NA | Hodi FS |
Lancet Oncol
| 2016 |
CheckMate 064 NCT01783938 (Weber et al. 2016b) | 2 | Nivolumab followed by ipilimumab vs Ipilimumab followed by nivolumab | NA | Weber JS |
Lancet Oncol
| 2016 |
KEYNOTE-002 NCT01704287 (Hamid et al. 2016) | 2 | Pembrolizumab | Paclitaxel + carboplatin or paclitaxel or carboplatin or dacarbazine or oral temozolomide | Hamid O | ESMO Annual Meeting | 2016 |
3 | Ipilimumab + dacarbazine | Dacarbazine + placebo | Robert C |
N Engl J Med
| 2011 | |
Maio M |
J Clin Oncol
| 2015 | ||||
NCT00257205 (Ribas et al. 2013) | 3 | Tremelimumab | Temozolomide or dacarbazine | Ribas A |
J Clin Oncol
| 2013 |
CheckMate 066 NCT01721772 (Robert et al. 2015a) | 3 | Nivolumab | Dacarbazine | Robert C |
N Engl J Med
| 2015 |
KEYNOTE-006 NCT01866319 (Robert et al. 2015b) | 3 | Pembrolizumab vs ipilimumab | NA | Robert C | N Engl J Med | 2015 |
CheckMate 037 NCT01721746 (Weber et al. 2016a) | 3 | Nivolumab | Dacarbazine or carboplatin + paclitaxel | Weber J | SMR Annual Meeting | 2016 |
NSCLC | ||||||
CA184-041 NCT00527735 (Lynch et al. 2012) | 2 | Ipilimumab + paclitaxel + carboplatin | Paclitaxel + carboplatin + placebo | Lynch TJ |
J Clin Oncol
| 2012 |
2 | Atezolizumab | Docetaxel | Fehrenbacher L |
Lancet
| 2016 | |
Smith D | ASCO Annual Meeting | 2016 | ||||
KEYNOTE-021 NCT02039674 (Langer et al. 2016) | 2 | Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + carboplatin | Pemetrexed + carboplatin | Langer CJ |
Lancet Oncol
| 2016 |
KEYNOTE-010 NCT01905657 (Herbst et al. 2016) | 2/3 | Pembrolizumab 3 mg/kg q3wk or pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg q3wk | Docetaxel | Herbst RS |
Lancet
| 2016 |
3 | Nivolumab | Docetaxel | Brahmer J |
N Engl J Med
| 2015 | |
Spigel DR | ASCO Annual Meeting | 2015 | ||||
CheckMate 057 NCT01673867 (Borghaei et al. 2015) | 3 | Nivolumab | Docetaxel | Borghaei H |
N Engl J Med
| 2015 |
CheckMate 026 NCT02041533 (Socinski et al. 2016) | 3 | Nivolumab | Carboplatin + pemetrexed or Cisplatin + pemetrexed or Carboplatin + gemcitabine or Cisplatin + gemcitabine or Carboplatin + paclitaxel | Socinski M | ESMO Annual Meeting | 2016 |
KEYNOTE-024 NCT02142738 (Reck et al. 2016) | 3 | Pembrolizumab | Carboplatin + pemetrexed or Cisplatin + pemetrexed or Carboplatin + gemcitabine or Cisplatin + gemcitabine or Carboplatin + paclitaxel | Reck M |
N Engl J Med
| 2016 |
OAK NCT02008227 (Rittmeyer et al. 2017) | 3 | Atezolizumab | Docetaxel | Rittmeyer A |
Lancet
| 2016 |
UC | ||||||
1/2 | Nivolumab vs Nivolumab + ipilimumab | NA | Sharma P | SITC Annual Meeting | 2016 | |
Rosenberg JE | ESMO Annual Meeting | 2016 | ||||
KEYNOTE-045 NCT02256436 (Bellmunt et al. 2017) | 3 | Pembrolizumab | Paclitaxel or docetaxel or vinflunine | Bellmunt J |
N Engl J Med
| 2017 |
RCC | ||||||
CA209-010 NCT01354431 (Motzer et al. 2015) | 2 | Nivolumab 0.3 mg/kg vs nivolumab 2 mg/kg vs nivolumab 10 mg/kg | NA | Motzer RJ |
J Clin Oncol
| 2015 |
HNSCC | ||||||
CheckMate 141 NCT02105636 (Ferris et al. 2016) | 3 | Nivolumab | Methotrexate or docetaxel or cetuximaba | Ferris RL |
N Engl J Med
| 2016 |