Background
Methods
Study sites
Patients and isolates
DNA extraction
Amplification of the P126 gene fragment and electrophoresis
Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)
DNA Sequencing
Nt47 peptide
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Nt47 (OR-II domain)
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the studied groups
Genetic polymorphism of P126
Complexity infection | OR fragments (bp) | Candeias do Jamari (CJ) | Peixoto de Azevedo (PA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1993
|
2003
| |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Single infections1 | ||||
I (175) | 3 (3%) | 4 (5%) | 27 (28%)a, b | |
II (199) | 95 (92%) | 70 (90%) | 49 (51%)c, d | |
Mixed infection2 | ||||
I + II (175/199) | 5 (5%) | 4 (5%) | 20 (21%)e, f | |
Total
| 103 (100%) | 78 (100%) | 96 (100%) |
DNA sequencing of the OR domain (Nt47)
Antibody responses to the OR domain regardless of the infection patterns
Infection patterns | Candeias do Jamari (CJ) | Peixoto de Azevedo (PA) | |
---|---|---|---|
1993 | 2002 | ||
Single1 | |||
OR-I | 3/3 | 3/4 | 21/25 (84) |
OR-II | 52/69 (75) | 65/70 (93)a, b | 36/46 (78) |
Mixed2 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 16/20 (80) |
TOTAL
|
59/76 (78)
|
72/78 (92)
c, d
|
73/91 (80)
|
PA (a) | CJ-1993 (b) | CJ-2002 (c) | P values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IgG
| 71/90 (79%) | 53/76 (70%) | 58/78 (74%) | n.s. |
4.5 ± 2.8 | 4.9 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 8.3 | a × c: 0.0006; b × c: 0.002 | |
IgM
| 49/90 (54%) | 43/68 (63%) | 63/78 (81%) | a × c: 0.0006; b × c: 0.02 |
2.3 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 4.8 | a × c: 0.0002; b × c: 0.04 | |
IgG1
| 45/70 (64%) | 43/49 (87%) | 14/58 (24%) | a × b: 0.007; a × c: < 0.0001; b × c: < 0.0001 |
2.3 ± 2.0 | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | b × c: 0.001 | |
IgG2
| 5/70 (7%) | 7/49 (14%) | 21/58 (36%) | a × c: 0.0001; b × c: 0.01 |
1.3 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 2.8 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | n.s. | |
IgG3
| 68/70 (97%) | 47/49 (96%) | 35/58 (60%) | a × c: < 0.0001; b × c: < 0.0001 |
8.1 ± 6.4 | 10.2 ± 9.7 | 7.9 ± 6.1 | n.s. | |
IgG4
| 30/70 (43%) | 23/49 (47%) | 24/58 (41%) | n.s. |
1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | n.s. |
Antibody responses to the OR domain according to the infection patterns
Infection | IgG | IgM | IgG1 | IgG2 | IgG3 | IgG4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candeias do Jamari (CJ) | ||||||
OR-II
| ||||||
CJ-1993 | 47/69 (68) 4.9 ± 3.0d | 39/63 (62) 3.4 ± 2.1 | 39/44a(88) 3.2 ± 2.1e | 6/44b(13) 3.1 ± 2.9 | 42/44c(95) 10.6 ± 10.0 | 19/44 (43) 1.6 ± 0.7f |
CJ-2002 | 55/70 (78) 8.4 ± 8.2j | 57/70g (81) 4.8 ± 4.8 | 13/55h (23) 1.9 ± 0.7 | 19/55i(34) 1.3 ± 0.4 | 35/55 (60) 7.5 ± 6.1 | 23/55 (42) 2.6 ± 2.2k |
Peixoto de Azevedo (PA) | ||||||
OR-I
| 19/25 (76) 4.9 ± 2.9 | 13/25 (52) 1.7 ± 0.9 | 13/18l (72) 2.0 ± 1.8 | 0/18m - | 18/18n (100) 9.8 ± 6.8 | 9/18 (50) 1.4 ± 0.2 |
OR-II
| 36/46 (78) 4.3 ± 2.7 | 27/46 (59) 2.7 ± 1.7 | 21/36o (58) 2.1 ± 1.7 | 5/36p (14) 1.3 ± 0.4 | 34/36q (94) 7.6 ± 6.1 | 16/36 (44) 1.3 ± 0.1 |
Mixed
| 16/19 (84) 4.5 ± 3.1 | 9/19 (47) 2.0 ± 1.4 | 11/16r(69) 2.9 ± 2.7 | 0/16s - | 16/16 (100)t 7.5 ± 6.4 | 5/16 (31) 1.3 ± 0.1 |