Background
Methods
Study design
Study area and period
Sources and study population
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Sample size calculation
Sampling techniques
Study variables
Data collection methods and tools
Data quality assurance
Data management and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Socio-demographic characters of the study participants
Variables | Categories | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Age of the mother (years) | < 30 years | 181 | 58.6 |
≥30 years | 128 | 41.4 | |
The religion of the mother | Orthodox | 265 | 85.7 |
Muslim | 35 | 11.3 | |
Catholic | 9 | 3 | |
Marital status | Single | 43 | 13.9 |
Married | 262 | 84.8 | |
Divorced | 4 | 1.2 | |
Educational status of the mother | Primary education | 20 | 6.5 |
Secondary education | 103 | 33.3 | |
Diploma and above | 186 | 60.2 | |
Family size | < 4 individuals | 168 | 54.4 |
≥4 individuals | 141 | 45.6 | |
Physical exercise in a day | < 30 min | 53 | 17.2 |
≥30 min | 256 | 82.8 |
Obstetric and anthropometric characters of the study participants
Variables | Categories | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Parity | Primipara | 210 | 68 |
Multipara | 99 | 32 | |
Type of current pregnancy | Unplanned and unwanted | 6 | 1.9 |
Wanted but unplanned | 19 | 6.1 | |
Planned and wanted | 284 | 91.9 | |
Pregnancy interval (years) | < 3 years | 81 | 38.4 |
≥3 years | 130 | 61.6 | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | Underweight | 28 | 9.1 |
Normal weight | 173 | 56 | |
Overweight | 76 | 24.6 | |
Obese | 32 | 10.4 | |
Total pregnancy weight gain | < 16 kg | 276 | 89.3 |
≥16 kg | 33 | 10.7 | |
Birth weight of the newborn | Low birth weight | 14 | 4.5 |
Norman birth weight | 236 | 76.4 | |
Macrosomia | 59 | 19.1 | |
Sex of the newborn | Male | 166 | 53.7 |
Female | 153 | 46.3 |
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with childhood stunting
Variables | Categories | Macrosomia | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | ||||
Age | < 30 years | 20 (89) | 161 (11) | 1 | 1 |
≥30 years | 39 (69.5) | 89 (30.5) | 3.5 (1.9, 6.4) | 2.6 (1.2, 5.8)* | |
Family size | < 4 individuals | 28 (16.7) | 140 (83.3) | 1 | 1 |
≥4 individuals | 31 (22) | 110 (78) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) | 0.4 (0.4, 1.2) | |
Parity | Primipara | 30 (14.3) | 180 (85.7) | 1 | 1 |
Multipara | 29 (29.3) | 70 (70.7) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.4) | 2 (0.7, 5.6) | |
Weight gain | < 16 kg | 44 (15.9) | 232 (84.1) | 1 | 1 |
≥16 kg | 15 (54.5) | 18 (45.5) | 4.4 (2, 9.4) | 11 (3, 37) *** | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | Underweight | 0 | 28 (100) | 1 | 1 |
Normal weight | 22 (12.7) | 151 (87.3) | 1 | 1 | |
Overweight | 21 (27.6) | 55 (72.4) | 2.6 (1.3, 5) | 5 (2, 13)** | |
Obese | 16 (50) | 16 (50) | 6.9 (3, 15.7) | 15 (5, 50)*** | |
Previous macrosomia | No | 34 (20) | 136 (80) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 14 (42.4) | 19 (57.6) | 2.9 (1.3, 6.5) | 2.7 (1.1, 7)* |