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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 1/2018

06.12.2017 | Harnblasenkarzinom | Leitthema

Nichtinvasives Harnblasenkarzinom

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Maximilian Burger, FEBU, Hartwig Schwaibold, Peter Goebell, Marc-Oliver Grimm

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das nichtinvasive Harnblasenkarzinom ist ein häufiger Tumor mit einer komplexen Diagnostik und Therapie.

Ziel

Der aktuelle Stand in Diagnostik und Therapie wird dargelegt und insbesondere das risikoadaptierte Patientenmanagement erläutert.

Material und Methode

Grundlage ist eine selektive Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed zu Ätiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie und risikoadaptiertem Patientenmanagement des nichtinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms.

Ergebnisse

Das nichtinvasive Harnblasenkarzinom äußert sich in aller Regel mit einer schmerzlosen Makrohämaturie. Lediglich eine Zystoskopie kann eine sichere Diagnose ermöglichen, während es keine sichere urinmarkerbasierte Methode gibt. Am Anfang der Therapie steht in aller Regel eine transurethrale Resektion des Blasentumors, die einerseits eine histopathologisch verifizierte Diagnose liefert und andererseits die Grundlage für die Therapie sowie in einigen Fällen bereits die alleinige Therapie ist. Die Histopathologie ist für die weitere Therapiestrategie entscheidend und ermöglicht mit wenigen klinischen und zystoskopischen Parametern eine entsprechende Risikoeinteilung. Bei niedrigem Risiko genügt eine transurethrale Resektion mit einer einmaligen frühpostoperativen Instillationstherapie mit einem Chemotherapeutikum. Bei mittlerem Risiko folgen der Resektion mehrere ambulante Instillationstherapien mit einem Chemotherapeutikum oder Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Bei hohem Risiko erfolgt nach der ersten Resektion eine zweite sowie eine Instillationstherapie mit BCG; es wird aber auch eine Zystektomie erwogen. In allen Fällen sind Schemata einer strukturierten Nachsorge etabliert und wichtig.

Schlussfolgerung

Auch wenn eine hohe Rezidivrate und bei einer Hochrisikokonstellation eine wesentliche Progressionsrate das nichtinvasive Harnblasenkarzinom kennzeichnen, so kann unter Ausschöpfung der aktuellen Möglichkeiten insgesamt eine relativ gute Prognose bezüglich des rezidivfreien und eine sehr gute bezüglich. des tumorspezifischen Überlebens erreicht werden.
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Zurück zum Zitat Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Otto W, Erben P, Kriegmair MC, Stoehr R, Eckstein M, Eidt S, Denzinger S, Burger M, Hartmann A, Consortium BRIDGE (2017) In stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high KRT20 and low KRT5 mRNA expression identify the luminal subtype and predict recurrence and survival. Virchows Arch 470(3):267–274PubMedCrossRef Breyer J, Wirtz RM, Otto W, Erben P, Kriegmair MC, Stoehr R, Eckstein M, Eidt S, Denzinger S, Burger M, Hartmann A, Consortium BRIDGE (2017) In stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high KRT20 and low KRT5 mRNA expression identify the luminal subtype and predict recurrence and survival. Virchows Arch 470(3):267–274PubMedCrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Vetterlein MW, Meyer CP, Leyh-Bannurah SR, Mayr R, Gierth M, Fritsche HM, Burger M, Keck B, Wullich B, Martini T, Bolenz C, Pycha A, Hanske J, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Bastian PJ, Gilfrich C, May M, Rink M, Chun FK, Dahlem R, Fisch M, Aziz A (2017) PROMETRICS 2011 study group. Effect of hospital and surgeon case volume on perioperative quality of care and short-term outcomes after radical Cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from a European Tertiary Care Center Cohort. Clin Genitourin Cancer 15(5):e809–e817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2017.04.02 PubMedCrossRef Vetterlein MW, Meyer CP, Leyh-Bannurah SR, Mayr R, Gierth M, Fritsche HM, Burger M, Keck B, Wullich B, Martini T, Bolenz C, Pycha A, Hanske J, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Bastian PJ, Gilfrich C, May M, Rink M, Chun FK, Dahlem R, Fisch M, Aziz A (2017) PROMETRICS 2011 study group. Effect of hospital and surgeon case volume on perioperative quality of care and short-term outcomes after radical Cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from a European Tertiary Care Center Cohort. Clin Genitourin Cancer 15(5):e809–e817. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​clgc.​2017.​04.​02 PubMedCrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Fritsche HM, Burger M, Svatek RS, Jeldres C, Karakiewicz PI, Novara G, Skinner E, Denzinger S, Fradet Y, Isbarn H, Bastian PJ, Volkmer BG, Montorsi F, Kassouf W, Tilki D, Otto W, Capitanio U, Izawa JI, Ficarra V, Lerner S, Sagalowsky AI, Schoenberg M, Kamat A, Dinney CP, Lotan Y, Shariat SF (2010) Characteristics and outcomes of patients with clinical T1 grade 3 urothelial carcinoma treated with radical cystectomy: results from an international cohort. Eur Urol 57(2):300–309PubMedCrossRef Fritsche HM, Burger M, Svatek RS, Jeldres C, Karakiewicz PI, Novara G, Skinner E, Denzinger S, Fradet Y, Isbarn H, Bastian PJ, Volkmer BG, Montorsi F, Kassouf W, Tilki D, Otto W, Capitanio U, Izawa JI, Ficarra V, Lerner S, Sagalowsky AI, Schoenberg M, Kamat A, Dinney CP, Lotan Y, Shariat SF (2010) Characteristics and outcomes of patients with clinical T1 grade 3 urothelial carcinoma treated with radical cystectomy: results from an international cohort. Eur Urol 57(2):300–309PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Nichtinvasives Harnblasenkarzinom
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Maximilian Burger, FEBU
Hartwig Schwaibold
Peter Goebell
Marc-Oliver Grimm
Publikationsdatum
06.12.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0314-7

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